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Review Chapters 1 and 2
Review Chapters 1 and 2
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Psyc 100
Flashcards
50 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
The group of people that do not participate but to which the findings will be applied are called a ...
Experimental group
Sample
Control group
Population
2
Statistical significance...
measures the similarities between groups
is calculated to determine the effect on the behaviour
means that the difference between two groups is not due to chance
means that you do not need to complete a replication study
3
Carl Rogers was one of the humanistic psychology pioneers.
False
True
4
Psychology differs from the physical sciences in that...
it influences our values
it uses the scientific method
includes describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling the phenomenon
it is not misused to prove one’s own beliefs
5
Which of the following is one of the founders of experimental psychology?
Gustav Fechner
Herman von Helmholtz
Rene Descartes
Johannes Muller
6
B. F. Skinner developed the "Skinner box" to help him investigate unconsciousness.
False
True
7
Which of the following was a goal of Wundt’s approach called voluntarism?
to focus on observable events
to determine the purpose and function of mental processes
to identify elements of the conscious mind
to understand how will influences an individual’s choices
8
Control group is the group that is exposed to the independent variable.
True
False
9
Electrical brain stimulation have not identified any inactive areas in the brain.
False
True
10
A study to follow the academic progress of one child who was recently diagnosed with autism. Method most effective?
Scientific experiment
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Case study
11
Evolutionary psychology is considered one of the major perspectives in psychology today.
False
True
12
Which area of science helped shift psychology from a philosophy to a science?
chemistry
biology
animal research
phycology
13
Which of the following accurately states a key difference between psychology and the other sciences? Psychology...
is more concerned with the goal of control than are the other sciences.
is less concerned with practical applications than are some of the others
is less interested in building theories than are the other sciences.
is more likely to deal with “morally loaded” issues than are the others
14
Cognitive and social neuroscience ...
only look at biology and not psychology
are older theories of psychology that have been unproven
tie mental processes and social functioning to the brain
explain the impact of our thoughts on our interactions with others
15
Physiology first begin to influence psychology in the 19
th
century.
True
False
16
Hypothesis is a general statement about the way variables relate that is objectively falsifiable.
False
True
17
Psychobiology attempts to explain psychological functions by looking primarily at their biological foundations.
False
True
18
Hippocrates suggested that physical and psychological health was influenced by bodily fluids called...
Blood oils
Life forces
Humors
Essences
19
Behavioural genetics is a subfield of psychology looking at the influence of genes on human behaviour.
False
True
20
The group that participate in an experiment is a ...
Classical group
Population
Sample
Experimental group
21
Denying a child his dessert for not eating his broccoli is a negative reinforcement.
False
True
22
Positive psychology ...
completely ignores negative events in one’s life, focusing only on the +
does not address adversity
considers factors that make life worthwhile and increases attention on them
has yet to be proven as a theory
23
The intellectual history of psychology starts with the history of Greek philosophy because the ancient philosophers...
did not believe there was a relationship between the mind and the body
questioned how the mind works
could not develop good relationships with others
were interested in explaining disease
24
John Watson was one of the pioneers of gestalt psychology.
True
False
25
A sample is BEST defined as ...
a group of participants in a study who have sampled the treatment condition
the total of all possible cases from which a population is selected
a group of particip. in a study that is atypical of the larger population
a selected group of particip. that is representative of a larger population
26
A school is purchasing new textbooks. They ask each teacher to review and rate each of the 3 choices. Which method?
survey
case study
naturalistic observation
scientific experiment
27
Replication studies are important for all of the following reasons except to ...
advance the hypothesis toward an eventual theory
lend support to the original study
finalize the acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
discover flaws in the original research
28
Freud did not conduct experimental studies of laboratory participants.
True
False
29
Which approach emphasized the need for research to include animals and children in studies?
structuralism
voluntarism
functionalism
Gestalt psychology
30
Which of the following represents an important contribution of Wilhelm Wundt to the discipline of psychology?
He was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse in 1879.
He established the first psych laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
He suggested the theory of natural selection in 1879.
He established the first psychology lab in the United States in 1879.
31
Which of the following statements about hypotheses is FALSE
?
Hypotheses can create theories.
Hypotheses can never be fully proven.
Hypotheses are created based on observations.
Hyp. that have been disproved can result in the creation of new hypotheses.
32
_______ proposes that variations are passed down from parents to offspring and some of those variations are ________
Structuralism; dualistic
Natural selection; adaptive
Voluntarism; emergent
Adaptation theory; natural
33
A study asking children of various ages to suggest reasons why bullies act the way they do. Which goal of psychology?
Explanation
Prediction
Description
Control
34
The essential beliefs of science include that natural laws...
cannot be used in experiments
cannot predict what may happen in the future
are testable
cannot be studied
35
_____ is credited with founding structuralism.
William James
Edward Titchener
Wilhelm Wundt
Gustav Fechner
36
Which of the following correlation coefficients symbolizes the strongest relationship between two variables?
.36
.83
-.79
-.88
37
A study on the relationship between different personality traits and a person's willingness to help. Level of analysis?
The group
The brain
The person
The societal
38
If you believe in the concept of tabula rasa, which would you consider to be true? Babies are born...
...with innate knowledge that emerges as language develops.
...with basic knowledge which further develops over time with experience.
with sensory knowledge, but higher knowledge develops with experience.
...and they acquire all knowledge through experience.
39
The philosophical approach of functionalism differs from structuralism in that functionalism
considers the elements of conscious experience.
regarded will as the ultimate agency in human behaviour.
considers how mental processes function to adapt to environments.
is the systematic observation of the details of mental processes.
40
Bandura demonstrated that children often seem to learn not by conditioning or clear rewards, but by social observation.
True
False
41
Psychology’s goal of prediction is met through __ studies; psychology’s goal of explanation is met through __ studies.
correlational; experimental
theoretical; empirical
qualitative; quantitative
applied; basic
42
A condition, event or situation that is studied in an experiment is called a ...
independent factor.
factor variable.
dependent factor.
variable.
43
The subfield of sociobiology is now part of a still broader subfield called evolutionary psychology.
False
True
44
Which of the following is a key component of behaviourism?
focusing on unique features of human functioning
studying behaviours that are directly observable
studying how information is stored and operates in the brain
investigating the interactions between conscious and unconscious forces
45
In a correlation coefficient, the number represents the ___ of the relationship, and the + or - sign reflects the ___
direction; strength
significance; meaning
strength; direction
meaning; significance
46
How is psychology different from pseudopsychology?
Psychology is based on the scientific method; pseudopsychology isn’t.
Psychology tries to help people; pseudopsychology doesn’t.
Pseudopsyc is based on Freud’s work; psyc is any work about mental process
Psyc focuses on research and experiments; pseudopsyc on their application
47
The idea that many of our thoughts and feelings are beyond our conscious awareness is consistent with...
Psychoanalytic theory
Humanistic psychology
Behavioural theory
Gestalt psychology
48
Wundt founded psychology as a discipline distinct from philosophy in 1959.
True
False
49
The term negative reinforcement is another term for punishment.
False
True
50
Freud described the conscious mind as being only the tip of the intellectual and perceptual iceberg.
True
False
