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PY2CN Spring
PY2CN Spring
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#UoR #Beaman #Cognition
Flashcards
44 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Some drunk people are dancing, people who dance have fun, some drunk people are having fun.
False
True
2
If you get 100% in this you will pass your exam. You pass, did you get 100% in this?
No
Definitely
Not necessarily
3
People overestimate the causes of death after watching a murder. This shows which heuristic?
Anchoring
Availability
Bayesian
Representativeness
4
Which of the following is not a key part of a well defined problem?
Known goal
Known processes
Known start
Insight
5
What did Liechtenstein(1971) study using a gambling scenario?
violation of invariance
framing effects
einstellung
anticipated regret
6
What format will an improbabilist work in? (Boden, 1992)
Restrictive
Existing
Open
New
7
Which of the following is not a stage in creativity? (Wallas, 1926)
Incubation
Validation
Illumination
Preparation
8
Which perceptron is found in animals but requires an extra layer in logic gates? (Grand, 2008)
NOR
XOR
OR
AND
9
Invariance of preference suggests we will...
Choose differently each time
Perform logical calculations
Always pick from a group
Be unswayed by wording
10
Over time which has the greatest levels of regret? (Byrne, 1999)
Action
Inaction
Both decrease
Same
11
Back propagation requires the study of which part of a machine?
Input
Output
12
Insight problems have a eureka moment when you suddenly get it. True or false (Metcalfe, 1987)?
False
True
13
Which of the following is the most accepted?
Believable statements
Deductive statements
Logical statements
Valid statements
14
A chicken ramming into a fence instead of going around displays what?
Problem space theory
Einstellung
Means end
Difference reduction
15
Who is mostly likely to win a quiz about cheese? (Engle, 2002)
High WM, slightly worse than best knowledge
High Wm, low subject knowledge
Low WM, best subject knowledge
High WM, medium subject knowledge
16
The addition of a second mental model had what effect on WM scores? (Copeland, 2004)
Decrease by 50%
Decrease by 15%
Increase by 11%
Decrease by 43%
17
Which test of phonological WM best predicts real world performance? (Daneman, 1980)
Dots task
Reading span test
Corsi blocks task
Digit span test
18
According to Roese (1994) in order to have higher intentions and behaviour we should....
Generate upward counterfactuals
Generate downward counterfactuals
Generate upward semifactuals
Generate downward semifactuals
19
A box can contain 1 red bead 1 black bead or both. What's the probability that the bead is red?
0.33
1
.66
Can't say
20
Credit card repayments were lowered by adding a minimum repayment. This shows which heuristic?
Representativeness
Anchoring
Bayesian
Availability
21
AN innovation that will help society is defined as...
V-creative
G-creative
P- creative
H-creative
22
You are least likely to go on holiday if you.... (Tversky, 1992)
Pass an exam
Want to avoid staying at home
Fail an exam
Are waiting on results
23
Baddeley (2000), loading of separate slave systems has what effect on WM performance?
None
Improves
Worsens
einstellung
24
Which of the following requires the least mental effort? (Johnson-Laird, 1991)
Denial of antecedent
Affirmation of consequent
Modus tollens
Modus ponens
25
CFT tends to move cause in which direction? (McCloy, 2000)
Away from normality
Toward controllability
Toward normality
Away from controllability
26
Which is not true of counterfactuals?
Used when close to goal
Used more after failure
They often start even if...
They focus on later events
27
Which of the following most improves ease of Bayesian reasoning?
Naive subjects
Structure
Base rate fallacy
Format
28
Who proposed the Chinese room argument?
Searle
Loebner
Engle
Turing
29
Which system of dual process theory relies on heuristics?
Sub system
Inter system
System 1
System 2
30
What did Ward (1994) get participants to do
, to show creativity stems from experience?
Write music
Connect 2 strings
Describe planet
Draw aliens
31
(Silveira, 1971) Which condition had the highest success rate in the necklace problem?
30 minute break
No break
2 hour break
4 hour beak
32
People's reaction to disease prevention shows which of the following? (Rothman, 1997)
gain frame
loss frame
rationality
satisficing
33
What does GPS stand for? (Newell, 1972)
General problem solver
Global Problem setter
Generation of Practical Subgoals
Global positioning system
34
What year did Turing predict strong intelligence in AI?
2012
1980
2000
Never
35
The water jugs problem displayed which concept? (Luchins, 1942)
Means end
Difference reduction
Local maxima
Einstellung
36
Using a nail clipper as a screw driver violates which of the following?
Functional fixedness
Problem space theory
Insight learning
Gestalt approach
37
Which statement is true?
People are risk seeking for gain
People are unswayed by wording
People are risk averse for loss
People desire to justify action
38
Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) slave systems are directly linked. True or False?
False
True
39
How many possible orientations does a 4 piece slide puzzle have?
4
4*3*2*1
8
5!
40
What did Engle (2001) propose about working memory?
That it is inflexible
Just attention + STM
That it is based in PFC
It is linked to LTM
41
Which is most effected by order?
Elimination by aspects
Satisficing
Subjective expected utility
Framing
42
Semifactual thinking had what effect in the olympic runner paradigm? (McCloy, 2002)
Higher blame
Higher level of anguish
Lower level of anguish
Decreased view of causality
43
What is critical to detect variation of WM (Vogel, 2005)?
Adequate span
Experience
Distractors
Variation in test pattern
44
What CFT is most applicable? Playing a game, sun in your eyes run forward, trip on lace
If only it wasn't sunny
If only I was better at the game
If only I tied my laces
If only I didn't have to move
