The endosymbiotic theory is supported by...

mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA

Cilia and flagella ________.

Use motor proteins to induce movement

The centrosome and centrioles

Function to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis

membrane factory of the cell, distributes transport vesicles, bound ribosomes, secrete glycoproteins

What is gene expression?

the appearance of a gene by building a protein

What is a Light Microscope?

Uses light and lenses to enlarge an image

Define secondary structure.

consists of coils and folds in polypeptide chain

Large molecule formed by the bonding of smaller molecular units.

The function of a protein is/are

storage, transport, structural support, defense, movement, cellular communication

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Which of the following are types of cell-cell junctions?

tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes, plasmodesmata

A dehydration reaction ___________

Forms bonds and loses 1 water per bond formed

3 main types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton, what are they?

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Function of microtubules

allows support and shape for cell, controls the beating of cilia and flagella, guide movement of organelles, seperate chromosomes during cell division

the basal body of the flagellum and cilium

anchors the flagellum or cilium

Saturated fatty acids...

Have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than unsaturated fatty acids

vacuole type that works to actively pump out of water

Define tertiary structure.

overall shape of a polypeptide, determined by side chain interactions

Critically important molecules of all living things fall into what main classes?

nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Extracellular matrix is made of...

Proteoglycans, Fibronectin, Glycoproteins, Collagen

What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?

Smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes while Rough ER does

the measure of the clarity of the image

Cell fractionation ______.

separates cells into their smallest component parts

an membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

structural isomers differ

only in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

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Questions 91

Answers

1
A compound containing carbon is said to be a/an
nonorganic compound
atom
organic compound
2
Enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of membrane lipids would be located in what part of the cell?
lysosomes
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi body
3
The endosymbiotic theory is supported by...
mitochondria and chloroplasts have a bacterial cell wall
mitochondria and chloroplasts have microtubules
mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA
mitochondria and chloroplasts can live outside the cell
4
Cilia and flagella ________.
Are found only in cells that are actively moving
Are found only in unicellular organisms
Are found only in sex cells and unicellular organisms
Use motor proteins to induce movement
5
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Glycerol
Monosaccharides
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
6
Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
True
False
7
The centrosome and centrioles
Function to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis
Are involved with cell respiration
Assist in channeling proteins and lipids into an out of the nucleus
Is where catabolism and anabolism occur in the cell
8
The shape of the DNA structure can be described as a twisted ladder or a...
double trouble
double ladder
double helix
double strand
9
function of rough ER
site of syntheses in carbohydrates
membrane factory of the cell
site of syntheses in hydrogens
detoxifies drugs and poisons
distributes transport vesicles
bound ribosomes, secrete glycoproteins
10
What is gene expression?
the attachment of DNA polymerase to the promoter
the attachment of DNA polymerase to the operon
the expression of all genes in the organism
the appearance of a gene by building a protein
11
DNA and proteins of chromosomes are called _____.
proteins
cytosol
chromatin
chromosomal DNA
12
Cell walls of plants do what?
Protect the plant cell
Prevent excessive uptake of water
All of the above
Maintain its shape
13
What is a Light Microscope?
Made up of one cell
Uses a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons through an object
Uses light and lenses to enlarge an image
Made up of 2 or more cells
14
Define secondary structure.
consists of coils and folds in polypeptide chain
There is no primary structure
Not in the spec
sequence of amino acids
15
What is a Polymer?
Chemical compound containing the element C & relating to living organisms.
Large molecule formed by the bonding of smaller molecular units.
Molecules that contain substances necessary for performing life processes.
Small molecules that can be combined w/other molecules to form big molecule
16
The pyrimidines are
Cytosine and Guanine
Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
Adenine and Guanine
adenine and thymine
17
The function of a protein is/are
storage
transport
structural support
defense
movement
cellular communication
18
What are enzymes?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts
Living organisms that act as biological catalysts
Prokaryotes that act as biological catalysts
Complex carbohydrates that act as biological catalysts
19
Identify how the endomembrane system is connected:
DNA
microtubules
peroxisomes
vesicles
20
The purines are
Cytosine andThymine
Adenine and Guanine
adenine and thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
21
Uracil is found in what nucleic acid?
D-Nice
RNA
Urase
DNA
22
Peroxisomes contain oxidases that detox the cell.
True
False
23
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is used as
carrier molecule
digestive enzyme
an energy source in the cell
cell wall perimeter
24
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
create proteins and lipids
movement and support
capture sunlight
release energy from food
25
If you applied a drug to block mitochondrial function, what would an affected cell lack most?
membranes
ATP
vesicles
protein
26
Which of the following are types of cell-cell junctions?
tight junctions
gap junctions
desmosomes
plasmodesmata
27
A dehydration reaction ___________
Breaks bonds and gains 1 water per bond formed
Forms bonds and loses 1 water per bond formed
Breaks bonds and loses 1 water per bond formed
Forms bonds and gains 1 water per bond formed
28
3 main types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton, what are they?
vacuole, mitochondria, and microfilaments
Microtubules, mitochondria, and microfilaments
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and mitochondria
29
Function of microtubules
allows support and shape for cell
controls the beating of cilia and flagella
controls all cell activities, stores genetic information
to make proteins
guide movement of organelles
seperate chromosomes during cell division
30
True or False: A protein’s specific structure affects how it functions.
True
False
31
the basal body of the flagellum and cilium
is a long extension that extends out of the cell and into its environment
anchors the flagellum or cilium
helps anchor the filament along the basal body
allows for rotation
32
Saturated fatty acids...
are usually liquid at room temperature
have double bonds between their carbon atoms
are a major fatty acid found in corn
Have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than unsaturated fatty acids
33
Which statement is true about nucleic acids?
RNA builds proteins
DNA stores genetic information
Monomer is made of a sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogen base
All of the above
34
contractile vacuoles
substances travel against their concentration gradient
vacuole type that works to actively pump out of water
cellular compartments enclosed by phospholipid bilayers
uses ATP hydrolysis to pump molecules against their concentration gradient
35
Ribosomes carry out....
protein synthesis
dispose of the waste of the cell
transcribe RNA
transport ions in the electron transport chain
36
Chloroplast structure includes
Granum
All of the choices
Thylakoids
Stroma
37
What is an enantiomer?
A method of obtain DNA, seen in Forensic Science
A protein seen in biology
A mirror image
A physics concept
38
Transmission Electron Microscopes show…
Twoclose objects separately
Ultra thin sections
Thesurface of structures
Organelles
39
Define tertiary structure.
overall shape of a polypeptide, determined by side chain interactions
consists of coils and folds in polypeptide chain
sequence of amino acids
Not in the spec
40
Critically important molecules of all living things fall into what main classes?
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
41
Plant cell walls can have several
Large Central
Tonoplast
Micrometers Thick
layers
42
Extracellular matrix is made of...
carbohydrates
fatty acids
Proteoglycans
Fibronectin
Glycoproteins
Collagen
43
What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?
Rough ER has chromosomes while Smooth ER doesn't
Smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes while Rough ER does
Smooth ER is better and Rough ER is boring
Rough ER doesn't have ribosomes while Smooth ER does
44
What is resolution?
The part of the microscope you look through.
the measure of the clarity of the image
The size of the lens on the microscope.
How many times bigger the image is than the real object.
45
what is a light microscopes maximum magnification?
x3000
x1000
x150
x500
46
The sugar in DNA is
deoxyribose
sucrose
glucose
ribose
47
Cell fractionation ______.
requires the use of a scanning electron microscope
is no longer used in modern cell biology
uses strong acids to break apart cells
separates cells into their smallest component parts
48
What are lysosomes?
an membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules
an organelle that produces new macromolecules
new cell parts
an organelle that breaks down new cell parts to be reused
49
Which cellular structure is common to all three domains of life?
ribosomes
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
50
Which of the following contributes to carbons versatility in organic compounds?
All of the above
Able to form bonds with other atoms
Has 4 valence electrons
Able to chain, branch, and create rings of molecules to make macromolecules
51
structural isomers differ
in both atomic composition and arrangement
only in their atomic composition
only in the covalent arrangement of their atoms
52
Which fails to help argue for the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own D N A.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes.
Both organelles use A T P.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes.
53
central vacuoles
pumps out water
stores water /salt /proteins /carbohydrates
stores inorganic ions
digest lipads/carbohydrates/proteins and breaks down
54
Select components of the endomembrane system:
Plasma membrane
Lysosome
Vacuoles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Nuclear envelope
55
What is the correct order for secretion?
rough ER, Golgi, transport vesicle, exocytosis
rough ER, endosome, Golgi, smooth ER
rough ER, Golgi, smooth ER, exocytosis
smooth ER, rough ER, exocytosis, Golgi
56
Four levels of Protein Structure
First=Secondary Second=Quaternary Third=Primary Fourth=Tertiary
All of these are wrong
First=Primary Second=Secondary Third=Tertiary Fourth=Quaternary
First=Quaternary Second=Secondary Third=Tertiary Fourth=primary
57
What causes denaturation in protein?
change in pH
change in temperature
none of the above
change in temperature and pH
58
What is the nuclear envelope?
A membrane that surrounds the ribosomes.
A membrane that surrounds the lysosomes.
A membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
A packaging center.
59
Autophagy removes old, damaged organelles like mitochondria. Which organelle is most critical for autophagy?
Peroxisomes
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosomes
60
The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive.
False
True
61
What are hydrocarbons made from?
Hydrogen and cobalt
hydrogen and carbon
Carbon and helium
hydro and carbon
62
Intermediate filaments
guide the movements of organelles.
guide the movements of chromosomes.
support the inner mitochondrial membrane.
reinforce cell shape and fix organelles in place
63
nuclear lamina
traverse the entire bilayer so they must be amphipathic; usually assist in
network of fibrous intermediate filaments that supports the nucleus
a glycolipid/glycoprotein coat found mainly on bacterial and animal epithel
the bursting of an animal cell when too much water enters ; plant cells bec
64
Hydrolysis Reactions:
Add water and build up macromolecules
Remove water and break down macromolecules
Remove water and build up macromolecules
Add water and break down macromolecules
65
Functions of the Golgi apparatus
secrete glycoproteins
detoxifies drugs and poisons
Modifies products of the ER
Manufactures macromolecules
Sorts and packs materials into transport vesicles
site of syntheses in hydrogens
66
What is the purpose of the microfilaments?
They aid in maintaining a balance of materials in the cell
They are just there to look pretty
They serve no purpose
bear tension, resist pulling forces, and help with cellular motility
67
What is magnification?
How many times bigger the image is than the real object.
The part of the microscope you look through.
The ability to distinguish between two separate points.
The size of the lens on the microscope.
68
function of smooth ER
site of syntheses in hydrogens
detoxifies drugs and poisons
metabolizes carbohydrates
site of syntheses in carbohydrates
stores calcium ions
synthesizes lipids
69
Endosymbiotic Theory explains
Origin of mitochondria and chloroplast organelles
Origin of life on earth
Origin of eukaryotic cells
Origin of prokaryotic cells
70
Lipids
Can be used as energy
Make up the cell membrane
Used to make hormones
All of the above
71
Isomers are compounds that have the same # of atoms of the same elements but different structures and properties.
True
False
72
Cis-trans isomers ___?
have have altered arrangement of atoms around a double bond
are Mirror-images
have elements on different sides of a bond
nonexistant
73
A nucleotide consists of...
Protein,Sugar, Phosphate
Glucose
Adenine & Guanine
Sugar,Phosphate, Nitrogen Base
74
Human Genome Project
all are correct
provides a map of complete set of genes
makes it possible to diagnose disease before symptoms appear
helps determine which genes are linked to a disease
75
What protein(s) is (are) not made at the rough E R?
enzymes found within the peroxisome organelle
insulin in the blood
digestive enzymes in the gut
collagen from the extracellular matrix
76
What role do integrins play in cells?
maintain numbers of mitochondria
act as ion channels
speed cell division
link extracellular matrix and cell interior
77
Purines are double ring structures.
False
True
78
What is the name of the green chemical found in chloroplasts ?
vitamin D
glucose
emerald
chlorophyll
79
DNA is organized into _____?
An amino acid sequence
Double stranded layers
nuecliec acids.
Discrete units called Chromosomes.
80
Chloroplasts do what?
make proteins
contain enzymes for digestion
Store materials
contain substances for photosynthesis
81
What does the mitochondria do in a cell?
It creates energy
It stores food and water
It is the "brain" of the cell
It is the "jelly-like" liquid in a cell
82
Scanning electron microscopes...
show the inside of organisms
show live specimens
show full color images
show the surface of a specimen
83
What are the functional groups important to living things?
Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate, Carbonyl, Methyl, Sulfhydryl
Carbon, Hydrolysis, Hydroliphic, Amino, Methyl, Sulfhydryl
Hydriliphic, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate, Methyl
Carbon, Glucose, Sucrose, Carboxyl, Phosphate, Methyl, Amino
84
Which kind of cells make tight junctions?
animal
plant
bacterial
all of them
85
Define primary structure.
There is no primary structure
sequence of amino acids
consists of coils and folds in polypeptide chain
Not in the spec
86
carbon skeletons...
can vary in length
cannot be ring shaped
includes hydrogen atoms bound in small amounts
includes only 2 covalent bonds
87
What is the plasma membrane?
Contain the synthesis and regulation of proteins
Supports the cell wall
Boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings
Transport proteins are responsible for controlling passage across cm
Exhibits selective permeability, allowing substances to cross it more easy
Wall in plant cells only
88
ribosomes are complexes made of ________ RNA and _________
ribosomal, proteins
transport, nucleotides
transport, proteins
ribosomal, nucleotides
89
Define quaternary structure.
interactions between multiple polypeptides
consists of coils and folds in polypeptide chain
sequence of amino acids
overall shape of a polypeptide, determined by side chain interactions
90
Which one is a polysaccharide?
Fats
Sucrase
Starch
Glucose
91
Phagocytosis is also known as “cell eating.”
False
True

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