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JCHS Biology Semester 1 Final Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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JCHS Biology Semester 1 Final Exam Review
JCHS Biology Semester 1 Final Exam Review
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2018-2019
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1
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
4 ATP molecules.
18 ATP molecules.
2 ATP molecules.
2
A personal preference or point of view is
a hypothesis.
a theory.
a bias.
3
Which statement is true about macromolecules?
Glycerol is made of fatty acids.
Proteins are made of amino acids.
Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.
4
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
matter does not change into new compounds.
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it
matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
5
Based on observation, you suggest that water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is
a hypothesis.
an analysis.
an experiment.
6
Science is best described as a
collection of beliefs.
set of facts.
way of knowing.
7
When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
solvent.
solute.
reactant.
8
Introduced species can threaten biodiversity because they can
cause desertification.
cause biological magnification.
reduce the amount of fertile land.
crowd out native species.
9
Which is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes?
Photosynthesis releases energy. Respiration stores energy.
Photosynthesis removes O2 from atmosphere. Resp replaces it.
Photosynthesis removes CO2 from atmosphere. Resp replaces it
Photosynthesis uses glucose. Respiration produces glucose.
10
An example of a renewable resource is
coal.
oil.
trees.
11
What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?
Secondary succ. begins on soil; primary on new surfaces.
Secondary succ. begins with lichens; primary with trees.
Primary succession is rapid and secondary succession is slow
12
A wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are
predators.
prey.
mutualists.
13
Demography is the scientific study of
parasitism and disease.
none of the above
modernized countries.
human populations.
14
Water lilies don't grow in desert sand because water availability to plants in a desert is
the carrying capacity.
the logistic growth curve.
a limiting factor.
a competition factor.
15
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process?
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
the Krebs cycle
16
If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured,
both would be below 7.
pH of stomach acid would be < 7; oven cleaner would be > 7.
pH of stomach acid would be > 7; oven cleaner would be < 7.
17
What type of electron is available to form bonds?
valence
ionic
nucleus
18
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
active transport.
osmotic pressure.
osmosis.
19
Protecting an entire ecosystem ensures that
interactions among many species will be preserved.
existing parks and reserves will expand.
captive breeding programs will succeed.
20
The work of scientists usually begins with
careful observations.
drawing conclusions.
testing a hypothesis.
21
Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
The cell lacks a cell membrane.
The cell lacks cytoplasm.
The cell lacks a nucleus.
22
Water molecules are polar, with the
oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
O side being slightly negative; H side slightly positive.
O side being slightly positive; H side slightly negative.
23
What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
carbon dioxide gas
oxygen gas
high-energy sugars
24
A bird stalks, kills, and eats an insect. Which pair of ecological terms describes the bird?
carnivore, consumer
herbivore, decomposer
autotroph, herbivore
25
What helps the inside of the thylakoid membrane get a + charge in light-dependent reactions?
H+ ions are released as water splits.
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP.
26
Why is carbon so special compared to other elements?
C atoms can bond to one another & form many structures.
Only C atoms can form covalent bonds with oxygen & hydrogen.
C atoms have 4 valence electrons & can form quadruple bonds.
27
In chemical reactions, atoms are
destroyed.
rearranged.
neutralized.
28
What happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight?
A chemical reaction turns chlorophyll into high energy carbs
The electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized.
The chlorophyll molecule is broken into two parts.
29
Which represents levels of organization in multicellular organism from the simplest to complex?
cell, tissue, organ system, organ
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
tissue, organ, organ system, cell
30
How do most primary producers make their own food?
by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates
by using light energy to make carbohydrates
by changing water into carbon dioxide
31
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
energy is limited in biosphere; nutrients r always available
energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.
nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
32
Which structure in Figure 7–2 stores materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?
structure D
structure A
structure C
structure B
33
Process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called
photosynthesis.
metabolism.
homeostasis.
34
Which of the following could describe a population that is decreasing in size?
The death rate is becoming lower than the birthrate.
The death rate is becoming higher than the birthrate.
The death rate is constant and the birthrate is increasing.
35
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3–1 are
heterotrophs.
primary producers.
primary consumers.
36
The number of different species in the biosphere or in a particular area is called
genetic diversity.
ecosystem diversity.
species diversity.
37
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?
emigration
earthquake
parasitism
38
Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7–4?
osmosis
active transport
diffusion
39
An organism’s niche is
all the physical/biological factors in organisms environment
a full description of the place an organism lives.
phys/bio cond where organisms live +how obtain needs to surv
40
Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately
4 ATP molecules.
36 ATP molecules.
32 ATP molecules.
41
If a population grows larger than carrying capacity, which of these is most likely to happen?
The death rate may rise.
The birthrate must fall.
The death rate must fall.
42
The products of photosynthesis are the
reactants of cellular respiration.
products of cellular respiration.
reactants of fermentation.
43
Which of the following is a biological aspect of an organism’s niche?
composition of soil
the way it gets food
amount of sunlight
44
Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
regulates the movement of materials into & out of the cell
keeps the cell wall in place
45
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
predation.
commensalism.
mutualism.
46
A model of feeding interactions among organisms in from producers to decomposers is called a
ecosystem.
food web.
population.
47
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Golgi apparatus
ribosome
mitochondrion
48
Which of the following is an example of an organ?
nerve cell
heart
digestive system
49
Which explains why well-conditioned athletes pace themselves for events lasting several hours?
Cellular resp releases energy more slowly than fermentation.
Lactic acid fermentation can cause muscle soreness.
Heavy breathing is needed to get rid of lactic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation produces carbon dioxide
50
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
ribosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
51
Biodiversity is valuable partly because it
provides humans with resistance to disease.
contributes to medicine and agriculture.
tells us about many other species.
52
The biology that deals with interactions among organisms & between them & their environment is
ecology.
economy.
modeling.
53
How does society help science advance?
Society’s morals help scientists make good decisions.
Society’s biases steer science toward studying certain ideas
Society raises questions that science can help answer.
54
When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is
a catalyst.
a reactant.
a product.
55
In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population
reaches carrying capacity.
grows quickly.
growth begins to slow down.
56
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Very few cells are able to reproduce.
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of life.
57
Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
H2O → NADP+→ Calvin cycle
O2 → ADP → Calvin cycle
H2O → Photosystem I → Photosystem II
58
What goes in Box 5 of the food web in Figure 3–2?
carnivores
decomposers
herbivores
59
Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?
Metric units are easier to measure than English units.
The metric system is based on multiples of 10.
Metric units are smaller than English units.
60
Animals get the most of the nitrogen they need
directly from bacteria in the soil.
by breathing in atmospheric nitrogen.
by consuming plants or other animals.
61
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing
sunlight.
high-energy sugars.
chlorophyll a.
62
What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?
producer, consumer, and decomposer
energy, biomass, and numbers
energy, nutrient, and trophic
63
Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in Figure 3–4?
grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk
grass, caterpillar, robin, hawk
tree, deer, mountain lion, fox
64
What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the graph in Figure 6
–
3 above?
Though people are driving more, pollution has decreased.
Pollution increases as energy consumption increases.
Energy consumption has changed more than total emissions.
65
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy.
66
What would happen if bird population shown in the ecosystem in 4–1 were to suddenly decrease?
The grass and fish would compete for resources.
The grass population would increase.
The fish population would increase.
67
Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in
animal cells only.
prokaryotic cells only.
all eukaryotic cells.
plant cells only.
68
Ideally, sustainable development should
provide for human needs at the expense of the environment.
use more natural resources to make goods for human needs.
preserve ecosystems while providing for human needs.
69
The human population experienced exponential growth just after
the bubonic plague began.
the Industrial Revolution began.
agriculture began.
70
What is shown in Figure 6–2 above?
nonpoint source pollution
water treatment
point source pollution
71
A covalent bond is formed as the result of
sharing protons.
transferring protons.
sharing electrons.
72
A student is collecting gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at. The gas is probably
ATP.
glucose.
oxygen.
73
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen and carbon.
oxygen and high-energy sugars.
ATP and oxygen.
74
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
products of the reaction.
pH of the reaction.
speed of the reaction.
75
What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
positive
neutral
radioactive
76
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
muscle cells.
mitochondria.
any environment containing oxygen.
77
Which of the following is true about nonrenewable resources?
There are plenty for people to use for a very long time.
They cannot be replaced after they are used up.
Using them up will help keep the environment healthy.
78
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called
an organ system.
a tissue.
a division of labor.
79
Using Figure 5–2, what is the most likely cause of the decrease in moose population after 1995?
Overcrowding caused competition in the moose population.
Many moose reached old age and died.
Poisonous plants killed off many moose.
80
During diffusion, when concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is =, molecules
continue to move across the membrane in both directions.
stop moving across the membrane.
move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.
81
A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is
a theory.
a controlled experiment.
an inference.
82
Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7–1?
The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.
The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.
The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus.
The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus.
83
Energy is released from ATP when
ATP is exposed to sunlight.
a phosphate group is added.
a phosphate group is removed.
84
Which structure in 7–3 modifies/sorts/packages proteins & other materials for storage/release?
structure B
structure A
structure C
85
The graph in 5–1 shows the growth of a bacteria population. Which describes the growth curve?
limiting
exponential
logistic
demographic
