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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
2
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
3
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
4
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
5
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
6
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
7
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
test-retest reliability
8
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
9
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
sight
touch
hearing
10
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
11
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
12
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
archetypes
repressed memories
13
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
14
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
developmental study
15
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
16
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
17
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
18
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
latent learning
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
19
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
20
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
21
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
22
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
outliers
modes
23
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
24
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
25
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
humanistic
26
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
27
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
28
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
29
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
30
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
31
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
32
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
33
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
34
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
35
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
standardized
projective
36
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
cones
optic nerve
rods
37
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
38
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
39
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
early 20s
40
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
41
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
lithium
42
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
universal ethical principles
conservation
43
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
external
situational
internal
44
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
touch
smell
hearing
45
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
46
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
47
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
48
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
social
behavioral
dispositional
49
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
50
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
51
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : decrease
52
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
53
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed ratio
fixed variable
continuous
54
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
55
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
56
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
57
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
58
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
59
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
60
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
61
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
recall
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
62
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
63
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
64
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
65
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
66
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
67
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
mean
range
standard deviation
68
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
reaction formation
projection
69
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
Gage's area
70
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
71
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
72
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
73
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
74
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
75
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
76
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
77
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
78
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
79
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
80
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
81
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
phallic stage
latency period
anal stage
82
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
83
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
84
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
85
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
86
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
87
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
88
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
89
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
stepping
rooting
Babinski
90
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
91
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
92
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
93
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
94
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
95
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
96
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
fovea
97
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
98
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
grapheme
morpheme
phoneme
99
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
100
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
101
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
102
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
103
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
standard deviation
mean
104
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
105
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
106
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
107
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
108
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
autism
109
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
110
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
111
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
social facilitation
conformity
disinhibition
112
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
113
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
114
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
115
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
116
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
structuralist
pharmacological
behavioral
117
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
118
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
84
68
50
119
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
120
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
121
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
122
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
123
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
124
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
125
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
126
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
127
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
128
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
129
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
130
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
131
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
132
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
133
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
134
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
135
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
136
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
137
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
138
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
amygdala
medulla
hypothalamus
139
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
140
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
141
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
clap their hands
say a sentence
142
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
daily activities
personalities
sleep cycles
143
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
144
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
primary
continuous
145
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
146
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
147
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
148
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
149
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
brain injury
leading questions
relearning effect
150
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
151
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
152
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
153
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
154
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
155
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
myelin
synaptic cleft
terminal button
156
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
157
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
158
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
planning for the future
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
159
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
retina
fovea
160
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
161
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
deindividuation
groupthink
162
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
163
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict