Which of the following is NOT a requirement for personnel performing mammography?

Attending one seminar in 3 months

Which of the following is an advantage of the Tungsten target in DBT?

Produces higher kVp beam; reduces dose but gives good image contrast

Which of the following is NOT affected by superimposition?

DBT (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis)

Which of the following describe zoom, pan, and electronic pen?

Post-processing tools used by radiologist

What do a) 5 MP and b) 2-3 MP represent?

Matrix size of a) RWS and b) AWS monitors.

Which of the following is a benefit of Tungsten targets in 3D mammography?

Higher kVp reduces dose but does not jeopardize image quality

Which of the following have 16,384 levels in digital mammography?

Number of shades of gray that detector can capture

What the advantage of visualizing individual planes of tissues in DBT?

Eliminates superimposition of breast structures

Which of the following is evaluated by detecting 2 largest fibers, 3 largest speck groups, 2 largest masses?

ACR 2016 Digital Phantom for 2D mammography

Which of the following has criterion of 3mGy?

Maximum permissible dose per mammography image

Which of the following is measured by CNR (Contrast to Noise Ratio)?

How well object is seen in relation to surrounding tissue

Why would the cathode end of tube be placed closest to chest wall in mammography?

To take advantage of heel effect

Which of the following describes process of obtaining permission to perform mammograms at any facility?

First get Accreditation from ACR; then get Certification from FDA

A mammogram report to patient taking more than 30 days to arrive would constitute____

Adverse Effect according to MQSA regulations

Which of the following need 8 hours of modality-specific training to comply with MQSA regulations?

Radiologists, technologists, medical physicists

Which of the following measures overall spatial resolution of digital imaging system?

MTF (Modulation Transfer Function

Which of the following describe DICOM and Health Level 7?

Computer languages used in digital mammography

How did the ACRIN/DMIST study affect mammography?

Showed that digital images was better for dense breasts than screen-film

When might the technologist use zoom on AWS?

To evaluate subtle movement on digial images

Which of the following results is indicated by BIRADS 5 result classification?

Highly suggestive of malignancy

Which of the following has period of up to 10 years?

Image retention (storage) time for mammography

What do processes of acquisition, post processing, display constitute?

Stages in digital image production

Which of the following has a 3-year interval?

Time between applications for renewal of mammography accreditation

Which of the following standardizes the Radiologists' results reporting?

ACR BIRADS 0-6 reporting system

Which of the following has 1, 204 levels?

Shades of gray displayed on RWS

Which of the following describe transition from 2D to 3D mammography?

Technologist must learn software functions of AWS

Which of the following take more time for radiologist to read?

FFDM (Full Field Digital Mammography) versus film-screen (analog) images

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Questions 58

Answers

1
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for personnel performing mammography?
Gaining 24 CEs within a two-year period
Initial training in mammography
Receiving 8-hours additional training in new modality
Attending one seminar in 3 months
2
Which of the following is an advantage of the Tungsten target in DBT?
Produces higher kVp beam; reduces dose but gives good image contrast
Produces lower kVp compared with Molybdenum targets
Better for fatty breasts, but increases dose
Higher Atomic Number allows greater maps to be used
3
Which of the following is NOT affected by superimposition?
Screen-film mammography
2D digital mammography
DBT (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis)
Spot compression views in digital mammography
4
What structure measuring 0.2 mm (approx. diameter of human hair) must be detectable in digital mammography?
Lactiferous ducts
Nipple
Calcifications
Acina of terminal lobule
5
Which of the following differences exist between 3D vendors?
Some vendors use grids
Some do not provide a Repeat/Reject analysis capability
Some do not use an numerical index to indicate exposure range
Use of different compression devices
6
What does the sum 2D + 3D represent?
Combo dose for DBT mammography
Number of images performed in 3D DBT
Options for performing DBT
Total dose required for DBT imaging with synthesized 2D
7
Which of the following test the quality of AWS, RWS, and printers?
Visual Inspection test
SMPTE and AAPM TG 18 patterns
Flat Field Test
ACR digital imaging phantom
8
Which of the following allow 40% reduction in additional imaging?
2D Diagnostic digital mammography
3D (DBT)
2D Screening digital mammography
All 2D mammography
9
Which of the following describe zoom, pan, and electronic pen?
Post-processing tools used by radiologist
Pre-processing tools used by radiiologist
Post-processing tools used by technologist
Items used in tests by Medical Physicist
10
Which of the following tests how well a signal can be distinguished from noise in a digital system?
Flat Field
CNR
SNR
MTF
11
What is the effect of synthesizing 2D images in 3D DBT?
Patient requires more compression
Scan time is increased
Patient comfort is decreased
Patient dose is reduced
12
Which of the following describe equipment or software to prevent intrusion of outsiders to private network?
Computer program to provide "second read" for radiologist
Firewall
RAID: Random Array of Independent Disks
MQSA rule for mammography
13
What do a) 5 MP and b) 2-3 MP represent?
Bit depth of a) AWS and b) RWS monitors
Matrix size of a) RWS and b) AWS monitors.
Matrix size of a) Laser printer and b) AWS monitors
Degrees of compression applied to a) fatty and b) dense breasts
14
Which of the following is a benefit of Tungsten targets in 3D mammography?
Higher kVp reduces dose but does not jeopardize image quality
Increases brightness levels by increasing mas
Decreases reconstruction time
Lower kVp lessens dose and improves image quality
15
Which of the following have 16,384 levels in digital mammography?
Number of shades of gray displayed on RWS
Number of shades of gray that detector can capture
Number of individual planes reconstructed in 3D mammography image
Number of pixels in 14-bit bin
16
What the advantage of visualizing individual planes of tissues in DBT?
Eliminates superimposition of breast structures
Removes need to compress the breast
Allows fatty breast tissue to be better visualized
Increases radiologist read time per mammogram
17
Which of the following have 1.4 to 2.0 mm size according to MQSA?
Magnification focal spot
Focal spot for diagnostic mammograms
Focal spot for screening mammograms
Tungsten cathode
18
Which of the following is evaluated by detecting 2 largest fibers, 3 largest speck groups, 2 largest masses?
MFT digital phantom
ACR 2016 digital phantom for 3D imaging
ACR Flat Field Test phantom
ACR 2016 Digital Phantom for 2D mammography
19
Which of the following has criterion of 3mGy?
Total dose in 3D mammography
Minimum acceptable dose for dense breasts
Maximum permissible dose per mammography image
Total dose in 4-projection digital mammography
20
Which of the following factors is controlled by wide dynamic range in digital imaging?
Spatial resolution
Lower kVp used compared with film-screen
Brightness
Contrast
21
Which of the following is measured by CNR (Contrast to Noise Ratio)?
Influence of noise in imaging system
Strength of signal in digital imaging
How well object is seen in relation to surrounding tissue
How well details of breast structure are represented on image
22
Why would the cathode end of tube be placed closest to chest wall in mammography?
To ensure whole of large breast is covered by radiation field
To take advantage of heel effect
To take advantage of higher kVp with tungsten target
To ensure sufficient compression is applied to breast
23
Which of the following describes process of obtaining permission to perform mammograms at any facility?
Get certification from FDA; then get accreditation from ACR
First get Certification from ACR; then get accreditation from FDA
First get Accreditation from ACR; then get Certification from FDA
First get State of California accreditation; then, get ACR accreditation
24
Which of the following processes combines information from several pixels at a time to conserve space?
Ghosting
Lossless compression
Binning
Bit depth analysis
25
A mammogram report to patient taking more than 30 days to arrive would constitute____
Need for apology to patient
Violation of California law
Adverse Effect according to MQSA regulations
A mistake that is rectified simply by re-faxing report
26
Which of the following need 8 hours of modality-specific training to comply with MQSA regulations?
Technologists and radiologists
Medical physicists, QC technologists, radiologists
Radiologists, technologists, medical physicists
Technologists, medical physicists, PACS administrators
27
What ensures compliance for equipment, personnel, clinical image quality?
MQSA Regulations
State of California
Mammography equipment vendors
Radiologists reading mammograms
28
Which of the following is responsible for troubleshooting image transmission, storage and retrieval?
Vendor engineer
PACS administrator
QC technologist
Department manager
29
Which of the following take longer for a radiologist to read?
3D images
Film-screen (analog) images
Screening versus diagnostic mammograms
2D images
30
Which of the following have sizes? 18x24 cm and 24x30 cm?
ACR digital phantoms
Compression devices
Effective Small and Large focal spots for mammography
Actual Small and Large focal spots for mammography
31
Which of the following measures overall spatial resolution of digital imaging system?
SNR (Signall to Noise Ratio)
CTR (Contrast to Noise Ratio)
Flat Field Test
MTF (Modulation Transfer Function
32
Which of the following describe DICOM and Health Level 7?
Computer programs for reconstructing digital images
Computer languages used in digital mammography
Studies that showed advantages of 3D mammography
MQSA programs for improving mammography
33
How did the ACRIN/DMIST study affect mammography?
Showed that women should not begin screening mammograms until age 45
Showed that low kVp lowered dose to breasts
Showed that digital images was better for dense breasts than screen-film
Showed that 3D mammography was superior to 2D mammgraphy
34
Which of the following would test Breast Entrance Dose and Beam Quality?
Medical Physicist only
QC tech annually
QC tech six-monthly
Vendor engineer annually
35
When might the technologist use zoom on AWS?
When using mosaic imaging on large breasts
When localizing a palpable lesion
When performing spot images on small breasts
To evaluate subtle movement on digial images
36
Which of the following results is indicated by BIRADS 5 result classification?
Inconclusive; additional imaging necessary
Known biopsy-proven malignancy
Probably benign; short-term follow-up necessary
Highly suggestive of malignancy
37
Which of the following has period of up to 10 years?
Time between applications for renewal of accreditation for mammography
Image retention (storage) time for mammography
Time between mammograms for patients over 50
Mammography image storage time in PACS
38
Which of the following tests the system ability to detect and represent details of breast structures?
Visual Inspection
SNR
MTF
CNR
39
What do processes of acquisition, post processing, display constitute?
Functions performed after pre-processing
Processes performed at the RWS
Stages in digital image production
Stages in pre-processing images
40
Which of the following has a 3-year interval?
Time between California State Inspections of mammography programs.
Length of storage time for negative mammogram images
Time between Medical Physicist Examinations of mammography equipment
Time between applications for renewal of mammography accreditation
41
Which of the following standardizes the Radiologists' results reporting?
ACR BIRADS A-D breast density reporting
Use of DICOM computer language
Use of Health Level 7 computer language
ACR BIRADS 0-6 reporting system
42
Which of the following may NOT be stored in hard-copy format?
Digitized priors of screen-film mammograms
Mammogram reports
Digital mammograms
Screen-film mammograms
43
Which of the following compensate for lowered spatial resolution in digital imaging compared with film-screen?
Wide dynamic range
Narrow dynamic range
Zoom capability
Greater compression of breast allowed
44
Which of the following describe who makes most major adjustments transitioning from 2D to 3D?
PACS administrator
General mammographers
QC mammography
Radiologist
45
What is effect if previous images are not erased on IR quickly enough when next image is formed?
Ghosting
Delayed reconstruction
Superimposition
Aliasing
46
Which of the following is frequency of Visual Inspection test on mammography machine?
Monthly
Six-monthly
Weekly
Daily
47
Which of the following require use of small focal spot?
Fatty breast imaging
Magnification images
Small breast imaging
Mosaic imaging of large breasts
48
Which of the following has 1, 204 levels?
Shades of gray displayed on RWS
Number of pixels exposed to radiation
Levels of density in breast tissue
Number of height planes possible in reconstructed 3D images
49
Which of the following processes produce differential absorption of x-rays at kVp used in mammography?
Photoelectric effect
Compton effect
Ionization
Pair production
50
Which of the following describe transition from 2D to 3D mammography?
Technologist must learn software functions of RWS
Technologist must learn software functions of AWS
Technologist must learn more about PACS
Technologist must learn new positioning
51
Which of the following take more time for radiologist to read?
Screening versus diagnostic mammograms
Film-screen mammography versus FFDM images
2D versus 3D images in DBT
FFDM (Full Field Digital Mammography) versus film-screen (analog) images
52
What is the purpose of the FDA site: Policy Guidance Help System (PGHS)?
Help Radiologist read 3D mammograms
Help QC technologist implement compliance with MQSA regulations
Help PACS administrator troubleshoot image compression problèms
Help QC technologist understand 3D mammography
53
Which of the following reduce dose in mammography?
Larger SID compared with regular radiography
3D DBT compared with 2D digital mammography
Molybdenum compared with tungsten targets
Vigorous breast compression
54
Which of the following measure 1 mm?
Size of smallest palpable mass in breast
Size of smallest calcification recognizable in digital imaging
Maximum difference allowed between PNL on CC and LMO
Height of individual plane in Cine Images of 3D mammography
55
Which of the following monitor technologist performance throughout the year?
EQUIP initiative (Enhancing Quality Using the Inspection Program)
State of California regulations
MQSA regulations
Individual facility mammography Performance Improvement Programs
56
When must "corrective action" be taken in order to comply with MQSA regulations?
After monthly tests
When any QC result fall outside the acceptable range
When more than one QC result falls outside acceptable range.
After Medical Physicist's annual inspection
57
What do Window Width and Window Center adjust in digital mammography?
Quantity of photoelectric effect
Dose
Contrast and brightness
Quantity of Compton effect
58
Which of the following tests detect "dead pixels" on IR?
Flat Field Test
MTF
SNR
CNR

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