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BIO I (Chapters 1-5) Flashcards | StudBud
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BIO I (Chapters 1-5)
BIO I (Chapters 1-5)
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1
Unsaturated fatty acids…
have no double bonds and are liquid at room temp
have no double bonds and are solid at room temp
have double bonds and are solid at room temp
have double bonds and are liquid at room temp
2
Radioactive Tracers...
are used to track atoms through metabolism
are the notation that is used to represent atoms and bonding
decay spontaneously, which gives off particles and energy
are elements required for life
3
If the response of a biological process reduced the initial stimulus, it is...
negative feedback
positive feedback
4
Fats are constructed from…
steroids and cholesterol
cholesterol,and glycerol
glycerol and fatty acids
glycerol and steroids
5
An aqueous solution requires what liquid to be the solvent?
Water
Gatorade
Vinegar
Gasoline
6
Atomic Mass is...
the number of protons in its nucleus
the atom’s total mass
the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
7
What are the four emergent properties of water that are important for life?
moderation of temp., solvent properties, high surface tension, capillarity
cohesion, expansion upon freezing, high heat of evaporation, capillarity
cohesion, moderation of temp., expansion upon freezing, solvent properties
polarity, hydrogen bonding, high specific heat, high surface tension
8
Define natural selection:
living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors
the study of whole sets of proteins and their properties
beings that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive
the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena
9
What level of protein structure causes sickle cell anemia?
Primary
Tertiary
Secondary
Quaternary
10
Hydrolysis…
breaks down a polymer by removing a water molecule
synthesizes a polymer by removing a water molecule
breaks down a polymer by adding a water molecule
synthesizes a polymer by adding a water molecule
11
Fats serve what purpose?
hydration
dehydration
energy storage
structure
12
Define genome:
analysis of the interactions among the parts of a biological system
the process of converting information from gene to cellular product
an organism’s entire “library” of genetic instructions
the study of whole sets of proteins and their properties
13
Nucleotides consist of...
a triple (3-carbon) sugar, phosphate group(s), and a nitrogenous base
adenine, thymine, and cytosine
an amino acid, a protein, and a lipid
a pentose(5-carbon) sugar, phosphate group(s), and a nitrogenous base
14
Self-regulation performed by many biological processes is known as...
Photosynthesis
Eating
Chemical Cycling
Feedback
15
Are phospholipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophilic
both
neither
hydrophobic
16
Electrons are found in different ______, each with a characteristic average distance and energy level
Atoms
Electron Shells
Environments
Molecules
17
DNA is a...
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
protein
18
What does DNA stand for?
Do Not Absorb
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribose Nucleotides
19
Which sugar is most important for making RNA?
ribose
glyceraldehyde
sucrose
glucose
20
Atomic Number is...
the number of protons in its nucleus
the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
the atom’s total mass
21
Lactose (a sugar) is composed of 1 glucose molecule joined to 1 galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
disaccharide
hexose
polysaccharide
pentose
22
Alpha-Helix and Beta-Pleated Sheet are what level of protein structure?
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Quaternary
23
Guanine (G) always pairs with...
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
24
Which class is not a polymer?
carbohydrates
lipids
amino acids
nucleic acids
25
True or False: the half-life of the SAME isotope can vary from seconds to days to billions of years?
True
False
26
The ability of hydrogen bonds to hold water molecules together is known as?
Cohesion
Ionic Bonds
Adhesion
Covalent Bonds
27
A nucleoside is the portion of a nucleotide that is missing what?
nitrogenous base
phosphate group
DNA
sugar
28
Why is it important that ice is less dense than liquid water?
If ice sank, it wouldn't make our drinks as cold
If ice sank, all bodies of water would freeze, making life impossible
Ice is not less dense than liquid water
29
Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic, and van der Waals are all interactions under what level?
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Quaternary
30
What is not an example of an acid?
Seawater
Black Coffee
Lemon Juice
Rainwater
31
What is NOT a unifying theme in biology?
information
organization
reproduction
interactions
32
Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen are known as what?
carbohydrates
hydrocarbons
polarity
hydrophobic
33
Which is NOT a function of proteins?
reproduction
movement
defense
cellular communication
34
True or False: cells come from spontaneous generation
True
False
35
Which properties of water are most important for the movement of water up the tree?
adhesion and specific heat
cohesion and specific heat
heat of vaporization and specific heat
cohesion and adhesion
36
True or false: hemoglobin is a fibrous protein
True
False
37
For what is water most needed when digesting food?
hydrolysis reactions
solubility
dehydration reactions
temperature reduction
38
The great diversity of organisms on the planet is due to the versatility of what?
phosphorus
oxygen
carbon
water
39
Cholesterol is a…
fat
steroid
lipid
phospholipid
40
How many varieties of proteins are there?
infinite
200
20
20,000
41
What provides the most compact energy storage?
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
42
The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen is known as…
dehydration
hydrogenation
synthesis
hydrolysis
43
True or False: in DNA base pairing, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)
True
False
44
What accounts for the unity and diversity of life?
Evolution
DNA
RNA
Climate Change
45
Consumers are...
organisms that feed on other organisms or their remains
plants and other photosynthetic organisms that generate chemical energy
a form of self-regulation performed by many biological processes
the energy source that flows through an ecosystem
46
All living things contain...
lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
protein, skin, carbohydrates, gametes
protein, molecules, roots, nucleic acids
lipids, proteins, water, DNA
47
Which category falls under carbohydrates?
fatty acids
phospholipids
steroids
monosaccharides
48
Adhesion is...
hydrogen bonds ability to hold water molecules together
a measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid
evaporation of water from plants
an attraction between different substances
49
Genes are...
units of inheritance
basically the same as DNA
what you wear on your legs
a measure of reproductive success
50
What 4 essential elements make up 96% of living matter?
carbon, hydrogen, potassium, chlorine
carbon, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
51
Polysaccharides…
form when a dehydration reaction joins 2 monosaccharides
consist mostly of hydrocarbon regions
are the simplest carbohydrates (simple sugars)
are carbohydrate macromolecules which are the polymers of sugars
52
Electrons...
are the smallest units that still retain the properties of an element
determine an atom’s identity
depend on its atoms and how they are bonded together
determine an atom's ability to form bonds
53
Are plant and fish fats usually unsaturated or saturated fatty acids?
saturated
unsaturated
54
What are the most biologically important lipids?
fats, sulfates, nucleic acids
fats, phospholipids, steroids
water, carbon, and oxygen
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
55
What is the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena?
Theory
Hypothesis
Inquiry
Experiment
56
The polysaccharide chitin has what role?
structure
storage
57
The polysaccharide glycogen has what role?
storage
structure
58
The polysaccharide cellulose has what role?
storage
structure
59
What is not an example of a base?
Ammonia
Bleach
Tomato Juice
Oven Cleaner
60
The cells of bacteria and archaea are...
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
61
Which one is NOT a "characterization of life"?
living things absorb energy by consuming organisms that photosynthize
living things use energy and raw materials
living things are composed of cells
living things evolve and have adaptive traits
62
True or False: covalent bonds can only share valence electrons
True
False
63
Which of these is not a functional group?
carbonyl
potassium
hydroxyl
amino
64
What is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life?
Nucleotides
Atoms
Proteins
Cells
65
True or False: emergent properties can characterize nonbiological entities as well
True
False
66
True or False: one DNA molecule includes many genes
True
False
67
The polysaccharide starch has what role?
structure
storage
68
Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule?
I have no clue.
Uh...
Polar
Nonpolar
69
What functional group does this represent?
carboxyl
sulfhydryl
methyl
carbonyl
70
True or False: energy flows through an ecosystem, entering as light and exiting as heat
True
False
71
Saturated fatty acids…
have no double bonds and are solid at room temp
have double bonds and are liquid at room temp
have double bonds and are solid at room temp
have no double bonds and are liquid at room temp
72
Protons...
depend on its atoms and how they are bonded together
are the smallest units that still retain the properties of an element
determine an atom’s identity
determine an atom's ability to form bonds
73
Which group contains sugars?
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
74
Producers are...
plants and other photosynthetic organisms that generate chemical energy
organisms that feed on other organisms or their remains
a form of self-regulation performed by many biological processes
the energy source that flows through an ecosystem
75
True or False: collagen is a fibrous protein
False
True
76
Which is NOT a eukaryotic organism?
Plants
None of the above
Protists
Animals
77
A glycosidic linkage is…
the covalent bond between 2 quadrasaccharides
the covalent bond between 2 polysaccharides
the covalent bond between 2 disaccharides
the covalent bond between 2 monosaccharides
78
Which is the most numerous and diverse of the eukaryotes?
Protists
Animals
Fungi
Plants
79
Are animal fats usually unsaturated or saturated fatty acids?
unsaturated
saturated
80
True or False: atoms are composed of subatomic particles:
False
True
81
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis breaks down polymers
Hydrolysis = urinary system, and dehydration = digestive tract
82
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different 3D structures and properties are known as what?
ATP
functional groups
isomers
hydrocarbons
83
Can a slight change in pH be harmful?
Yes
Only in movies
No
Only if you are a dolphin
84
True or False: lipids mix well with water
False
True
85
Which is an example of behavioral homeostasis?
an alligator feeding on a wading bird
a rhino covering itself in mud to stay cool
a human shivering when they become cold
a desert lizard basking in the sun to stay warm
86
True or False: both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids
True
False
87
What is the correct flow of genetic information?
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
Protein --> DNA --> RNA
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
88
Which is not an example of reductionism?
Populations --> Organisms
Organelles --> Cells
Tissues --> Cells
Communities --> Populations
89
DNA is arranged in a....
alpha helix
none of these
double helix
single helix
90
How many amino acids are there?
infinite
20,000
20
200
91
Whose theory explained the duality of unity and diversity?
James Watson
Harry Styles
Marie Curie
Charles Darwin
92
If the end product of a biological process speeds up its own production, it is...
negative feedback
positive feedback
93
Which one has the most potential energy?
A ball at the top of a hill
A ball at the bottom of a hill
94
True or False: covalent bonds cannot form between atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements?
False
True
95
What is an example of physiological homeostasis?
Humans sweating to remain cool
Humans entering an airconditioned building to become cool
an alligator feeding on a wading bird
a shark continuing to swim so it can breathe
96
Dehydration reactions…
synthesize a polymer by adding a water molecule
synthesize a polymer by removing a water molecule
break down a polymer by removing a water molecule
break down a polymer by adding a water molecule
97
Which of these is an example of reductionism?
Tissues --> Organs
Molecules --> Organelles
Organisms --> Populations
Biosphere --> Ecosystems
98
What is NOT an example of climate change impacts?
Extreme weather events (ex: storms and droughts) are more frequent
Increased biodiversity
Shift of wind and precipitation patterns
Ocean Acidification
99
20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different
alpha (α) carbons
side chains (R groups)
carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon
amino groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon
100
True or False: enzymes are proteins
True
False
