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BIOL140 Exam Review 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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BIOL140 Exam Review 1
BIOL140 Exam Review 1
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1
What happens during interphase?
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
The cell splits into two daughter cells
Cell growth and DNA replication
Nothing, the cells are resting.
2
What is a homologous pair of chromosomes?
Two identical chromosomes
Two chromosomes containing genes for the same traits
Two chromosomes from the same parent
Two chromosomes that are stuck together
3
Which organelle is responsible for processing and packaging of proteins?
Centriole
Golgi complex
Nucleus
Mitochondria
4
What is the electrical charge of an ion?
Either positive or negative
Negative
Positive
Neutral
5
Which is not a characteristic of living things?
Individual living things evolve.
Living things have adaptive traits that allow them to survive and reproduce
Living things respond to their environment.
Living things maintain homeostasis.
6
Chromatin wraps around ___ proteins to become condensed chromosomes.
enzyme
channel
histone
carrier
7
What is the name of the reaction that occurs when monomers are joined to form polymers?
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
8
Which of the following is a function of lipids?
Form cell membranes
All of the above
Protect vital organs
Store long-term energy
9
This type of chemical bond forms when 2 or more atoms share electrons.
Hydrogen bond
Valent bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
10
When the electrons of a covalent bond are shared unequally, the bond is:
polar covalent
nonpolar covalent
11
What is the number of chromosomes in a normal diploid human cell?
46
44
23
22
12
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
4 ATP
0 ATP
36 ATP
2 ATP
13
In a double-blind study, do researchers know which group is receiving the treatment?
Yes
No
14
During which part of cell division does the cytoplasm divide in two, creating two daughter cells?
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
Anaphase
15
Which of the following is an element?
NaCl (Sodium Chloride)
Fe (Iron)
N2 (Nitrogen gas)
H2O (Water)
16
Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration responsible for producing ATP?
Mitochondria
Centriole
Nucleus
Plasma membrane
17
True or False: A compound's characteristics are usually the same as those of the individual elements it is made of.
False
True
18
True or False: Prokaryotes contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
False
True
19
Which type of cell division results in identical body cells?
Mitosis
Meiosis
20
What is the first phase of the cell cycle?
Telophase
Metaphase
Interphase
Prophase
21
T or F: During meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes separate, and during meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.
True
False
22
Which source of genetic variation occurs because chromosomes randomly align during metaphase I?
independent assortment
crossing over
all of the above
nondisjunction
23
Select all of the following that are true about enzymes.
Enzymes are catalysts found in the body.
Enzymes are almost always proteins.
Only certain substrates can fit in the active site of each enzyme.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions within our cells.
24
What is the net gain of ATP in fermentation?
4 ATP
36 ATP
32 ATP
2 ATP
25
Amino acids are the monomers of ______ polymers.
Nucleic acid
Triglyceride
Carbohydrate
Protein
26
What is the net yield of ATP during cellular respiration?
4 ATP
32 ATP
36 ATP
2 ATP
27
Units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means are:
molecules
protons
atoms
neutrons
28
In a solution, which is the substance being dissolved?
Solute
Solvent
29
True or False: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes, while rough endoplasmic reticulum does not.
False
True
30
Which organelle contains almost all of the DNA, organized into chromosomes?
Golgi complex
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Lysosome
31
Which organelles are composed of 9 sets of 3 microtubules arranged in a ring, and function in cell division?
centrioles
nuclei
golgi bodies
mitochondriae
32
Which type of cell division gives rise to gametes?
Mitosis
Meiosis
33
The plasma membrane allows ____ substances to pass through it.
no
all
some
34
Which source of genetic variation occurs when corresponding pieces of non-sister chromatids are exchanged?
All of the above
Nondisjunction
Independent assortment
Crossing over
35
What would be an example of a control group in an experiment testing the effectiveness of Tylenol?
A group which receives 5mg of Tylenol
A group which receives 10mg of Tylenol
A group which receives 0mg of Tylenol
A group which receives 20mg of Tylenol
36
True or False: Compounds are molecules.
False
True
37
Organize the following from smallest to largest: molecules, cells, atoms, tissues
tissues, cells, molecules, atoms
molecules, cells, atoms, tissues
atoms, molecules, cells, tissues
molecules, atoms, cells, tissues
38
Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
All of the above
Simple diffusion
39
True or False: Although radioisotopes are harmful, they can also be useful.
True
False
40
What causes lactose intolerance?
The person is allergic to lactose.
The body lacks the enzyme lactase.
41
What is the atomic mass of an atom?
The number of protons plus the number of electrons
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
The number of neutrons
The number of protons
42
Order the types of chemical bonds from weakest to strongest.
hydrogen, covalent, ionic
hydrogen, ionic, covalent
ionic, covalent, hydrogen
covalent, ionic, hydrogen
43
The primary level of structure of a protein refers to:
The three-dimensional shape of the protein
The protein's alpha helix and beta sheet
The attractive forces between 2 or more subunits
The protein's specific sequence of amino acids
44
Which type of transport involves movement against the concentration gradient?
Passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
45
True or False: Eukaryotic cells do not contain organelles.
True
False
46
Phospholipid molecules have a head and a tail. Which of the two is hydrophilic (loves water)?
Head
Tail
47
Humans are unique because they:
Have opposable thumbs
Stand upright on two legs
Have a relatively large brain
All of the above
48
Which of the following subatomic particles are NOT found inside the nucleus of an atom?
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
49
True or False: Body cells are also known as somatic cells.
True
False
50
Which is not a step of the scientific method?
Make careful observations and ask questions.
Make a conclusion that supports your hypothesis, regardless of evidence.
Make an experiment with a control group and an experimental group.
Formulate a testable hypothesis.
51
What is it called when changes in the chemical environment of a protein cause it to lose its structure and function?
Corruption
Alteration
Substration
Denaturation
52
Select all that are true: Cell theory states that...
All living things are composed of cells.
All cells arise from preexisting cells.
Cells are the smallest units of life.
All body cells have completely different DNA.
53
What are the monomers of carbohydrate polymers?
amino acids
monosaccharides
fatty acids
enzymes
54
Organize the following from smallest to largest: ecosystem, community, population, biosphere
population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
population, community, biosphere, ecosystem
community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population
55
Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called:
isotopes
valence elements
ions
compounds
56
How many pairs of autosomes are found in human body cells?
1
2
21
22
57
Find the sequence of bases that complements this portion of a DNA strand: ATGC
TACG
ATGC
CGTA
CTAG
58
Which of the following can be found on the periodic table?
All of the above
Atomic mass
Element symbol
Atomic number
59
If a liquid has a pH of 3, it is:
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
60
Cells lose water and shrivel when surrounded by which type of solution?
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
61
The transition reaction in cellular respiration yields how much ATP?
4 ATP
2 ATP
6 ATP
0 ATP
62
If an atom has 10 protons, how many electrons should it have?
12
10
14
8
63
Order components of proteins from smallest to largest.
Amino acid, peptide chain, polypeptide chain
Polypeptide chain, peptide chain, amino acid
Amino acid, polypeptide chain, peptide chain
Peptide chain, polypeptide chain, amino acid
64
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of electrons in its nucleus
The number of protons in its nucleus
The number of neutrons in its nucleus
The number of electrons in its electron shells
65
Which of the following are gametes? (Select all that apply)
Body cells
Somatic cells
Egg (Ovum)
Sperm
66
Most living tissue is considered neutral in biology, meaning its pH is about:
9
4
10
7
67
Cells gain water and swell when surrounded by which type of solution?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
68
This type of transport involves movement across the concentration gradient.
Passive transport
Active transport
69
Cells maintain their shape and water content when surrounded by which type of solution?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
70
Which nitrogen-containing base binds with adenine in DNA?
guanine
cytosine
thymine
adenine
71
Domain Eukarya is split up into how many kingdoms?
2
3
1
4
72
List the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
Anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase
Telophase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
73
What is the number of chromosomes in a normal haploid human cell?
44
22
23
46
74
During ___, a portion of the plasma membrane pinches off and creates a vesicle to allow a substance into the cell.
phagocytosis
endocytosis
all of the above
pinocytosis
75
True or False: Most organisms in Domain Bacteria live in extreme environments.
False
True
76
When DNA is uncondensed, it is called...
Sister chromatids
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Chromatids
77
Molecules which prevent dramatic changes in pH are called:
Buffers
Acids
Neutralizers
Bases
78
The electron transport chain uses electrons from FADH
2
and NADH to release how much ATP?
2 ATP
36 ATP
30 ATP
32 ATP
79
Which of the following stage(s) of cellular respiration occur(s) in the mitochondria?
electron transport chain
transition reaction
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
80
Which of the following stage(s) of cellular respiration occur(s) in the cytoplasm?
citric acid cycle
glycolysis
transition reaction
electron transport chain
81
What is it called when a substance is enclosed in a vesicle and transported out of the cell?
Enclositosis
Exclositosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
82
The citric acid cycle yields how much ATP?
2 ATP
0 ATP
1 ATP
32 ATP
83
True or False: Fermentation requires oxygen.
False
True
84
Living things are classified in how many domains?
3
2
4
5
85
The plasma membrane contains...
Phospholipids
Carrier proteins
Antigens
All of the above
86
Organize the following from smallest to largest: tissues, organ systems, organs, organisms
tissues, organisms, organs, organ systems
tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
organs, organ systems, tissues, organisms
organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues
87
Select all of the following that are examples of steroids:
Estrogen
Cellulose
Cholesterol
Testosterone
88
What is it called when either homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate?
Nondisjunction
Crossing over
None of the above
Independent assortment
89
What is the movement of water from an area of high to low water concentration called?
Osmosis
Aquafusion
Active transport
Water diffusion
90
DNA has 2 strands. How many strands does RNA have?
4
3
1
2
91
True or False: Facilitated diffusion requires energy.
True
False
92
Which organelle breaks down macromolecules, old organelles, and invaders?
Nucleus
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Mitochondria
93
True or False: Water (H
2
O) is an example of a polar molecule.
False
True
