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ST 212 Human Body I Final Review Flashcards | StudBud
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ST 212 Human Body I Final Review
ST 212 Human Body I Final Review
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1
Circulation in the foot is assessed by palpating this artery.
Popliteal
Carotid
Radial pulse
Dorsalis pedis
2
What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
3
The carotid and vertebral arteries supply the
liver.
lungs.
brain.
heart.
4
Deciduous, baby, and milk are descriptive for which structure(s)?
teeth
tonsils
sinuses
gums
5
Which is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone
High blood pressure
Low level of potassium in the blood
Goiter formation
Low blood volume and hypotension
6
Aldosterone
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
7
erythropoietin
all of the above
stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs
is released in response to hypoxemia
is secreted by the kidneys
8
Trypsin is a...
Inhibitor
Peptide
Protease
Hyphae
9
Cholecystokinin (CCK) regulates the secretion of
bile.
saliva
mucus.
ptyalin.
10
What part of the male reproduction stores sperm?
testes
prostate
epididymis
vas deferens
11
Which of the following conditions is caused by an overdose of heparin or warfarin sodium (Coumadin)?
Jaundice
Thrombosis
Infection
Bleeding
12
Role of ADH ?
Regulating water in the blood
Causes a water imbalance
Regulates NaCl in the blood
All of the above
13
What part of the specific immune response triggers the Cell Mediated and Humoral responses?
Antibodies
Histamine
Lysozyme
Helper T-Cells
14
During isovolumetric ventricular contraction
AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open
Both the AV and semilunar valves are closed
The pressure in the ventricle is decreasing
Both the AV and semilunar valves are open
15
What is the “main vein that drains the brain”?
Brachial
Saphenous
Carotid
Jugular
16
In a neuron, what are the fibers that send information away from the cell body?
axon
myelin sheath
synapse
dendrite
17
What three substances are excreted in normal urine?
Urea, water and white blood cells
Glucose, salt and water
Salt, water and urea
Blood cells, salt and water
18
Pulmonary veins:
transport oxygenated blood to the heart
return blood to the right atrium of the heart
transport blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
transport oxygenated blood to the lungs
19
Increased return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle,thereby
Closing the AV Valves
Stimulating the Sympathetic Nerve
Activating the Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors
Increasing Stroke Volume
20
The blood cells that carry oxygen and contain hemoglobin are?
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Plasma
21
hemolysis causes
acidosis
leuokocytosis
hyperbilirubinemia
a prolonged prothrombin time and bleeding
22
Which organ of the digestive tract produces digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate?
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Liver
23
Stimulation of the phrenic & intercostal nerves cause release of this neurotransmitter into the neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
myosin
adrenaline
24
the pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
25
The Purkinje fibers
close valves.
open valves.
pull on the cusps of the valves.
conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles.
26
What chemical substance is found in sweat and tears that destroys pathogen cell walls?
Histamine
Interferon
Lysozyme
Cilia
27
Surfactants are found within the
pulmonary capillaries
alveoli
intrapleural space
trachea
28
A signal is generated by the SA node and is regularly discharged to the rest of the conduction system.
Contraction and relaxation
Lubb dupp
Automaticity and rhythmicity
Sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
29
During atrial systole, the
ventricles are relaxed.
AV valves are closed.
semilunar valves are open.
ventricles are in systole.
30
Which tubes branch from the trachea?
Bronchi
Alveoli
Glottis
Bronchioles
31
Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of
K+
Water
Na+
Bicarbonate
32
What part of the excretory system allows urine to travel from the kidney to the bladder?
Urethra
Rectum
Ureters
Vas Deferens
33
What are the conducting fibers that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles?
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
SA node
Av Node
34
Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve?
incompetent aortic valve allows blood leak from aorta to LV
It's also called the left semilunar valve
blood flows from ventricle through valve in pulmonary artery
"sees" oxygenated blood
35
The word icterus refers to?
infection
jaundice
bleeding
fever
36
Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
37
The common bile duct empties:
into the gut from the liver
into the gallbladder from the liver
into the gut; from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas
into the liver from the pancreas and gallbladder
38
which of the following is the stimulus for the release of erythropoietin?
infection
low plasma pH (acidosis)
hypoxemia
low blood volume
39
Which of the following blood vessels are called capacitance vessels?
veins
capillaries
large arteries
arterioles
40
Monocytes and lymphocytes
are nongranular leukocytes
are thrombocytes
contain hemoglobin
are hemostatic
41
What part of the brain is allowing you to read this questions and remember the answer?
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Medulla Oblangata
Hypothalamus
42
Which heart layer covers the valves and is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels?
myocardium
epicardium
pericardium
endocardium
43
Vagal stimulation to the heart causes
heart rate to slow.
stroke volume to increase.
cardiac output to increase.
a (+) inotropic effect.
44
An antigen-antibody interaction
causes agglutination.
is called phagocytosis.
is prevented by antibiotics.
is called anaphylaxis.
45
Which of the following is true regarding fetal structures?
The foramen ovale is a temporary ventricular septal hole designed to divert
The ductus arteriosus connects two fetal blood vessels
The umbilical vein receives unoxygenated blood from the fetal inferior vena
The umbilical arteries cary oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
46
Which of the following is not the function of the nephron in the kidney?
Filters substances from the circulatory system
Collects waste and send to ureters
Reabsorbs substances back into circulatory system
Sends urea to the liver
47
Frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal
are saliva-secreting glands
are lined with serous membrane
refer to the bones of the thorax
are paranasal sinuses
48
Which digestive organ produces bile?
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Liver
Large Intestine
49
What are the functioning subunits of the kidney that clean the blood?
Ureters
Nephron
Alveoli
Bladder
50
The ampulla of Vater and sphincter of Oddi are located between the common bile duct and what structure?
Duodenum
Liver
Pyloris
Gallbladder
51
Inguinal Lymph nodes are located
Armpit
Neck
Groin
Chest
52
What are capillaries?
Big vessels
A type of nerve
Tiny vessels
Arteries
53
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
tubes
valves
veins
arteries
54
Which of the following is not part of the inflammatory response?
lysozyme
fever
interferon
histamine
55
Which blood vessel sends blood to the heart and may contain valves?
Vein
Capillary
Artery
56
In normal sinus rhythm (NSR) the
action potential originates in the AV node
AV node activates the SA node
cardiac impulse originates in the sinoatrial node
Action potential is generated by the sympathetic nerve
57
Which vein are the right subclavian and R internal jugular a tributary of?
Braciocephalic Trunk
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Azygous Vein
58
What two body parts are considered effectors?
Brain and spinal cord
Sense organs and muscles
Sense organs and glands
Glands and muscles
59
What is the gap between two neurons?
Dendrite
Axon
Cell Body
Synapse
60
What are the top chambers of the heart that receive blood?
Ventricles
Valves
Atria/Atriums
Septum
61
Which of the following is least descriptive of blood?
Water is three to five times more viscous than blood.
Oxygenated blood is redder than unoxygenated blood.
The average man has 4 to 6 L of blood.
The normal pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45.
62
These blood vessels are the smallest and most numerous and are composed of a single layer of endothelium
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Venules
63
Angiotensin II.....
Answers 1 and 3
decreases parasympathetic activity
increases sympathetic activity
decreases sympathetic activity
64
Which gland produces eggs, progesterone and estrogen?
Adrenal
Testes
Thymus
Ovaries
65
Which of the following describes Starling’s law of the heart?
A decrease in preload decreases cardiac output.
An increase in preload increases cardiac output.
All of the above are true.
raise in venous return to the ventricles causes an raise in cardiac output.
66
What is the main vein in the body?
Aorta
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein
Renal Vein
67
Which vein drains into the subclavian?
Internal jugular
Maxillary
Facial
External jugular
68
Which gland is the location where T-lymphocytes mature?
Pineal
Thyroid
Pituitary
Thymus
69
where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
body
lungs
left atria
right atria
70
What part of the digestive system digests proteins and contains chyme and gastric juices?
Stomach
Mouth/ Salivary Glands
Small Intestines
Esophagus
71
Which gland produces epinephrine, cortisol and aldosterone?
Pancreas
Pituitary
Adrenal
Thyroid
72
Which male reproductive gland produces fluids for semen?
Ovary
Scrotum
Prostate
Testes
73
The Circle of Willis
Connects Ant. &Post. Circulatory system
Is a nodule in the brain
74
the adventitia, media, and intima are
veins
valves within veins
valves
layers of the blood vessels
75
When you inhale... (choose two)
the volume of the chest area decrease
the pressure in the chest area decrease
the diaphragm relaxes
the diaphragm lowers
76
A decrease in the numbers of erythrocytes is called?
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Polycythemia
Granulocytopenia
77
Where does fertilization of the egg occur?
Vagina
Fallopian Tubes
Ovary
Uterus
78
thrombocytopenia
may be accompanied by aplastic anemia and gradulocytopenia
all of the above
refers to a deficiency of platelets
is caused by myelosuppression
79
Erythropoietin does the following.
Releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep.
Helps develop the lymphoid system.
Regulates growth hormone release int he pituitary gland.
Affects red blood cell (RBC) production.
80
Which branch of the nervous system receives information from the environment?
Sensory
Autonomic
Parasympathetic
Motor
81
Which gland controls calcium levels in the blood and your metabolism?
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal
Thyroid
82
The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes:
renin
aldosterone
angiotensinogen
angiotensin converting enzyme
83
The correct flow of blood is: thoracic aorta -> abdominal aorta -> common iliac artery -> ___
portal vein.
celiac axis.
carotid artery.
femoral artery.
84
What event causes the pulmonic valve to open?
the P wave
an increase in the pressure within the right ventricle
contraction of the chordae tendineae
"lubb-dupp"
85
intrinsic factor
is necessary for the absorption of vit B 12
is a clotting factor
stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
is necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin
86
The flap that covers the opening to the trachea and prevent choking is called?
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
87
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.45-7.80
6.92-7.25
7.00-7.45
7.35-7.45
88
What are the functioning subunits of the lung where gases exchange with the capillaries?
Diaphragm
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Nephron
89
Which of the following is least true of the common iliac arteries?
are formed from the distal abdominal aorta
located in the pelvic cavity
branch into arteries that descend into the lower extremities
Contain large valves that direct blood into the femoral arteries
90
What are the Y-shaped proteins that attach to pathogens called?
Antigens
Interferons
Antibodies
Macrophages
91
sucrase, maltase, and lactase are all what?
amino acids
fatty acids
monosaccharides
peptides
92
The tibial, peroneal, and popliteal veins
are found in the lower extremities.
are part of the hepatic portal circulation.
form the circle of Willis.
empty venous blood into the superior vena cava.
93
What is the urine-making structure of the kidney?
Nephron unit
Renal capsule
Trigone
Renal pyramid
94
Which of the following is true of the celiac trunk?
It is part of the hepatic portal circulation
It branches off the thoracic aorta
It carries venous blood and drains into the portal vein
It branches off the descending aorta
95
what gland secretes cholecystokinin?
placenta
kidney
thymus
duodenum
96
The Hering-Breuer reflex
prevents over inflation of the lungs
is a chemical reflex; no nerves are involved
is only concerned with sneezing and coughing
is important only in disease states
97
Which gland regulates sugar levels in the blood?
adrenal
pancreas
thyroid
pituitary
98
Arterioles spend most of their time
filtering clots out of the blood entering the capillaries.
filter H2O & solute@ 1 end & reabsorbing H2O &waste@another
contracting and relaxing.
absorbing lymph from the interstitium.
99
Binding of the bee venom allergen to antibodies on the mast cells causes a massive release of which substance?
Bilirubin
Intrinsic factor
Histamine
Vaccine
100
Where does the digestive system absorb all nutrients with the help of villi occur?
Stomach
Esophagus
Large Intestines
Small Intestines
