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Biology Final Review
Biology Final Review
100 terms
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Version Summer 2023
Flashcards
100 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
100
Answers
1
Water moves through _______ to enter or exit the cell?
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport
2
Where are photosystems I and II occuring?
in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
in the cell membrane
in the cytoplasm
in the nucleus
3
What bonds form between the chemicals in the backbone of DNA?
Van der Waals
covalent
ionic
hydrogen
4
Active transport
requires energy.
is cell movement.
is ready for battle.
does not require energy.
5
A bond in which one electron is given to another atom is called:
Ionic
nonpolar covalent
hydrogen
Polar covalent
6
Plants gather the sun's energy using molecules called
mitochondira
chlorophyll
glucose
thylakoids
7
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in a plant through the
stomata
thylakoids
cytoplasm
stroma
8
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
diffusion
pinocytosis
active transport
osmosis
9
The central dogma states that information flows from:
RNA --> transcription --> DNA --> translation --> Protein
DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> Protein
DNA --> translation --> Protein --> transcription --> RNA
DNA --> translation --> RNA --> transcription --> Protein
10
The Krebs Cycle starts with
acetyl CoA and yields carbon dioxide.
Lactic acid and yields carbon dioxide.
Glucose and yields ATP.
Pyruvic acids and yields lactic acid.
11
Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
lysosome
golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
12
Biology
is the study of
the environment.
all living things.
animals and plants only.
the land, water, and air of Earth.
13
Which of the following molecules can move easily through the membrane via diffusion?
polar molecules
Ions
O2
Proteins
14
ATP releases energy when it loses a
ribose
phopshate
adenine
glucose
15
The cell cycle is regulated by
cancer signals
checkpoints
DNA
mitosis
16
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of ___ ATP.
36
2
18
4
17
At the end of meiosis, ___ cells are created.
1
46
2
4
18
Diffusion is
all of the above
requires energy to transport molecules.
the movement of a substance from high to low concentration.
the movement of water.
19
Which of the following pairs incorrectly matches a cell structure with its function?
Nucleus: information (DNA) storage
Cell membrane: protein synthesis
Chloroplast: energy conversion
Vacuole: storage
20
AUG is a(n)
stop codon
anticodon
August
start codon
21
During ____ the sister chromatid are separated.
Prophase I
Telophase I
Anaphase II
Metaphase II
22
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
any environment containing oxygen.
mitochondria
muscle cells
ice cream
23
Living organisms are different from inanimate objects because they
maintain homeostasis.
All of these
are made up of cells.
react to environmental stimuli.
24
What is the correct order of classification?
Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Family, Class
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Phylum, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species
Species, Genus, Family Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
25
Fermentation is different from aerobic cellular respiration because
cellular respiration occurs in the ribosome
fermentation requires oxygen.
cellular respiration requires oxygen.
fermentation uses glucose and cellular respiration does not.
26
You suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a(n)
Experiment
Analysis
Hypothesis
Conclusion
27
All of the chemical reactions in an organism are known as
metabolism
homeostasis
stimuli
enzymes
28
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
to assemble a ribosome
to transport amino acids
to carry messages on how to make proteins
none of the above
29
Why does the DNA double helix have a uniform diameter?
Nucleotides bind with triphosphates
Purines pair with pyrimidines to hold together DNA via hydrogen bonds
Deoxyribose sugars bind with ribose sugars to hold together DNA
C nucleotides pair with A nucleotides.
30
Which of the following would NOT be a key
characteristic of life
?
Inability to change.
Response to environmental change.
Reproduction.
Organization into cells.
31
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
ribosome
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
32
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
monosaccharides
nucleotides
fatty acids
amino acids
33
_______ is commonly referred to as cell eating.
endocytosis
exocytosis
pinocyotsis
phagocytosis
34
Look at the
DNA
sequence:
GAA TTC GCA
. What do the
G
and
A
represent in the DNA sequence?
amino acids
sugar
phosphates
nitrogen bases
35
Which researcher(s) were awarded the Nobel Prize for their model of DNA?
Erwin Chargaff
Linus Pauling
Watson and Crick
Hershey and Chase
36
The larger the cell grows, the more trouble it has
completing cell division.
replication its chromosomes.
moving through the cell cycle.
moving enough nutrients across the cell membrane.
37
Which statement is true about macromolecules?
Proteins are made of amino acids.
Nucleotides are made of nucleic acids.
Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.
Glycerol is made of fatty acids.
38
Which of the following organisms is prokaryotic?
fungi
animals
plants
bacteria
39
Tay-Sachs disease results in cells being clogged w/ undigested fat. Which
organelle
is involved
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
mitochondria
40
Protein synthesis occurs
Golgi apparatus
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
41
Which phrase below BEST describes a polymer?
Individual amino acids.
Molecule made of many small molecules.
Information coded in RNA.
Individual parts of a large molecule.
42
If a solution is
isotonic
is to the interior of the cell, then
water moves into a cell
water moves in and out of cell at regular intervals
water moves out of a cell
does nothing
43
Which of the following is
NOT
a factor that affects
photosynthesis
?
light intensity
water availability
O2 availability
CO2 availability
44
A point mutation
cannot happen.
inserts of deletes a nucleotide.
changes an entire chromosome.
changes one nucleotide.
45
Which of the following is NOT a stage of aerobic cellular respiration?
electron transport chain
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
Fermentation
46
Plants participate in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
True
False
47
Three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to mRNA is a
anticodon
start codon
stop codon
codon
48
To what Kingdom do humans belong to?
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Fungi
49
After being scraped or cut, the skin heals. What process
best
accounts for the replacement?
asexual reproduction
meiosis
mitosis
cementation
50
Which of the following is
NOT
a function of
proteins?
store and transmit genetic information.
carry oxygen.
move substances into or out of cells
control the rate of reactions
51
During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
A mass of information.
A conclusion.
A control group.
A hypothesis.
52
Mutations affect
entire populations.
phenotypes.
only somatic cells.
nothing.
53
Hydrophilic molecules are
Repelled by water.
Mixed by water.
Attracted to water.
Absorbed by water.
54
During transcription
Polymerase enzymes unzip RNA.
DNA bases are copied and the copy is taken to a ribosome.
DNA copied prior to mitosis.
mRNA is converted into a polypeptide.
55
Which of the subatomic particles have a positive charge?
Neutron
Proton
Electron
Ion
56
An agent in the environment can change DNA and introduce a
new gene
cancer
changer
mutation
57
Proteins are long molecules that are built from various combinations of
amino acids.
carbohydrates.
lipids.
nucleic acids.
58
Which nitrogenous bases pair up in DNA?
A-U, C-G
A-G, T-C
A-C, G-T
A-T, C-G
59
Prokaryotic cells have which of the following?
cell wall
none of the above
membrane-bound organelles
nucleus
60
Which model is used to describe a
cell membrane?
Flowing Mosaic Model
Fluid Mosaic Model
Lipid Bilayer Model
Phospholipid Protein Model
61
If a solution is
hypotonic
then water
moves out of the cell.
moves into the cell.
moves at the same rates in and out.
does nothing
62
Using the image, which structure in the cell shown below stores materials?
D
C
A
B
63
What is the maximum number of electrons that can potentially be found in the second orbital of an atom?
Eight
Ten
Two
Four
64
What are the main functions of DNA polymerase?
To transport amino acids to a ribosome.
To bond DNA nucleotides and proof-read during replication.
To bond RNA nucleotides together.
To create ribosomes.
65
The diagram shows how an enzyme binds to a substrate. When this reaction is complete the
hydrogen ion concentration will have decreased.
enzyme's shape will be different.
substrate will be a different molecule.
surrounding temperature will have increased.
66
DNA is replicated during
Mitosis
G 2
G 1
S (Synthesis)
67
Cancer cells do not respond to checkpoints that
cause cells to continue to grow.
regulate the growth of most cells.
produce a defent in a gene called p53.
produce contact with other cells.
68
What is both a
reactant
of
cellular respiration
and a
product
of
photosynthesis
?
water
oxygen
citric acid
Carbon dioxide
69
The study of
biology
is important because it
Provides an understanding of life.
Explains the nature of the universe.
Is the most difficult and comprehensive of the sciences.
Is essential for humans to understand how organisms survive.
70
Why are plants green?
They absorb only red wavelengths of light.
They reflect nearly all wavelengths of light.
They reflect green wavelengths of light.
They absorb only red and blue wavelengths of light.
71
Which of the following is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
process and storing proteins
recycling waste products of cell
storing genetic information
providing a protective barrier
72
The products of photosynthesis are the
products of cellular respiration
reactants of cellular respiration
products of glycolysis
products for fermentation
73
The ____ is used to convert sunlight into energy the cell is able to use.
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondira
ribosome
chloroplast
74
What is the name of an atom that has either donated its electrons or accepted electrons?
Isotope
Molecule
Ion
Compound
75
Humans have many ____ where replication is able to begin.
points of replication
origins of replication
start points
start codons
76
The Greek root word that means “before nucleus”, which represents bacteria, is
prokaryote
eukaryote
nucleus
nucleolus
77
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons. Which structure is involved?
chloroplast
peroxisomes
Nuclear envelope
golgi apparatus
78
____ cells have double the number of chromosomes.
Haploid
Heterozygous
Gamete
Diploid
79
· Where does the spindle apparatus connect to a chromosome?
Centromere
Chromatid
Chromosome
Centrosome
80
Which of the subatomic particles have a negative charge?
Proton
Electron
Ion
Neutron
81
The atom that makes up the core of all organic compounds is
hydrogen
nitrogen
carbon
oxygen
82
A straight nose is dominant over crooked nose. A married couple finds each has a crooked nose. They have four children:
The first three are have a straight nose, the fourth a crooked nose.
Children must have crooked noses since parents are homozygous recessive.
Each child has a 25% chance of having a crooked nose.
Three kids will be heterozygous & one homozygous recessive.
83
A cell is undergoes
mitosis
. If it has 6 chromosomes, how many will the
daughter
cells have?
3 each
6 each
12 each
none
84
Crossing over occurs during _____.
Prophase I
Metaphase II
Telophase II
Anaphase I
85
Using the picture above, what phase of meiosis is the cell in?
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Telophase II
Anaphase I
86
The collected human DNA is known as
gene
chromosome
genome
chromatid
87
Which of the following is considered to cause mutations in DNA?
radiation
UV rays
all of the above
chemotherapy drugs
88
Enzymes lower the activation energy to __________ chemical reactions.
speed up
slow down
stop
maintain
89
Which of the following represents the genotype of a heterozygote?
Hh
hh
None of the above
HH
90
How many
amino acids
are coded for by the strand of
mRNA
shown below? CGAUACGGA
4
3
2
1
91
Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared equally are called:
Hydrogen
Polar ionic
Polar covalent
Nonpolar covlavent
92
An animal’s stomach contains enzymes that break down food.
Enzymes
perform this function by
lowering pH.
changing the ionic concentration.
increasing temperature.
participating in chemical reactions.
93
During DNA replication, there are two strands known as
parallel and antiparallel
leading and lagging
forward and reverse
leading and losing
94
Which of the following statements about the nucleus is NOT true?
It stores coded instructions for making the cell’s proteins
It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that lets material in
It usually contains a nucleolus region.
It is the site of protein assembly.
95
Which of the following macromolecules is considered hydrophobic?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
96
Based off the above image, which step makes proteins by binding together amino acids?
DNA replication
translation
transcription
cementation
97
Cholesterol is embedded in the membrane and belongs to what class of biomolecules?
D) lipids
C) carbohydrates
A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
98
Which of the subatomic particles have a neutral charge?
Photon
Proton
Neutron
Electron
99
What happens during photosynthesis?
Heterotrophs consume ATP.
Autotrophs consume carbohydrates.
Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.
Heterotrophs produce ATP.
100
Which of the following is
NOT
true about the
cell membrane
?
It is selectively permeable.
Lipid tails are polar.
It is made of phospholipids.
It is a bi-layer.
