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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
2
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
3
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
personality
dissociative
schizophrenic
4
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
mean
standard deviation
5
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
6
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
7
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
fovea
retina
8
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
stepping
Babinski
9
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
evolutionary
10
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
11
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
12
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
biological
13
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
14
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
15
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
16
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
17
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
18
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
deindividuation
19
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
20
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
21
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
22
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
23
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
24
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
25
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
26
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
27
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
EQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
28
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
achievement
triarchic
29
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
30
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
31
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
32
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
33
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
34
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
35
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
36
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
sublimation
reaction formation
37
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
38
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
construct validity
39
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
40
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
trait
41
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
42
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
latency period
anal stage
oral stage
43
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
44
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
45
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
46
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
EEG
MRI
PET
47
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
brain injury
proactive interference
leading questions
48
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
49
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
fundamental
internal
50
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
situational
behavioral
social
51
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness
52
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
touch
hearing
sight
53
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
54
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
55
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
56
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
57
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
58
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
59
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
60
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
61
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
62
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
63
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
64
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
65
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
openness
extraversion
neuroticism
66
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
67
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
68
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
69
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
70
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
71
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
72
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
73
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
74
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
75
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
76
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
77
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
holobase
grapheme
phoneme
78
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
79
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
80
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
81
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
82
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
hearing
touch
balance
83
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
pons
84
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
85
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
standard deviation
mean
range
86
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
biological
humanistic
87
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
88
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
84
50
89
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
90
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
91
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
fovea
optic nerve
feature detectors
92
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
93
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
94
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
95
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
96
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
hindsight bias
97
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
98
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
systematic desensitization
99
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
100
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
101
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
102
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
103
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
104
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
105
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random assignment
random sampling
106
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
107
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
in-group bias
compliance strategies
individualism
108
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
109
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
110
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
111
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
112
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
113
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
William James
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
114
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
beta waves
115
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
116
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
117
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
118
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
119
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
120
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
121
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
primary
continuous
122
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
123
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
mid 30s
late 40s
early 20s
124
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
culture
family
temperament
125
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
126
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
127
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
128
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
129
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
130
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
131
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
132
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
133
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
134
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
135
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
136
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
add : decrease
137
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
138
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
139
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
140
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
141
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
142
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
143
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
144
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
145
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
146
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
147
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
148
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
linear perspective
retinal disparity
149
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
modes
variances
normally distributed
150
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
151
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
152
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
planning for the future
153
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
154
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
155
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
motor development
attachment
assimilation
156
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
157
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
158
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
159
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
160
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
161
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
162
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
163
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
fixed ratio