What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

Anhedonia is when a person...

has difficulty experiencing pleasure

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...

the other boy started it and he was defending himself

According to the medical model...

abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

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AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

150 termsStudBud Administration40 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
2
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
latency
oral
genital
3
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
alcohol
narcotics
sedatives
4
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
limbic system
reticular formation
cerebellum
5
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
reversibility
centration
6
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
pathogens
opiates
teratogens
7
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
8
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
9
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
10
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
bipolar
dissociative
cyclical
11
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
12
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
saturation
brightness
13
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
14
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scales
test scores
15
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
compensation
fixation
displacement
16
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
17
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
18
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
19
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
hallucinations
illusions
obsessions
20
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
ablated
modeled
21
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
22
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
a headache
not been dreaming
been dreaming
23
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
24
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
25
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
26
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
observational learning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
27
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
28
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
29
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
escape learning
positive reinforcement
30
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
31
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
schizophrenic
anxiety
personality
32
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
33
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
schematizing
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
34
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
35
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
36
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
panic disorder
37
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
physical interaction
abstract operations
38
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
39
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
40
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
41
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
42
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
print letters
43
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
shaping
44
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
mental age
IQ
a percentile score
45
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
46
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
means
47
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
William James
48
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
49
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
heroin
marijuana
cocaine
50
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
51
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
frustration
conflict
pressure
52
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
iris
cornea
vitreous humor
53
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
54
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
syntax
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
55
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
56
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
low in openness
high in agreeableness
57
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
58
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
59
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
behavioral
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
60
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
attributions
stereotypes
self-serving bias
61
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
62
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
63
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
punishment
64
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
social charm
excessive guilt
65
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
66
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
67
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
68
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 1
REM
stage 4
69
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
classical conditioning
70
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
a personality test
an achievement test
71
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
72
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
73
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
74
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
75
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
consciousness
hypnosis
76
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
77
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
78
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
79
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
80
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
81
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
82
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
83
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
84
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
85
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
86
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
87
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
pitch
timbre
loudness
88
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
89
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
gamma
beta
90
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
91
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
92
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
93
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological stability
94
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
thyroid
gonads
thalamus
95
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
96
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
behavior
the brain
conscious experience
97
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
98
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
cross-sectional
time of testing
longitundinal
99
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
100
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
salivation
light
food/meat powder
101
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
insomnia
102
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
parental investments
display rules
social scripts
103
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
processing
perception
attention
104
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
an obsession
a delusion
a compulsion
105
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
106
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
reiteration
recognition
107
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
108
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
109
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
give cookie
110
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rat
loud noise
rabbit
111
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
script
semantic network
chunk
112
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
113
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
cognition
introspection
mentalism
114
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
115
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
116
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
117
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
concrete
118
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
119
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
endocrine system
reticular formation
120
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
121
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
122
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
obedience
123
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
124
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
125
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
similiarity
closure
126
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
127
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
128
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
social loafing
deindividuation
129
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
endorphin
dopamine
serotonin
130
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
131
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
personality
attachment
132
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
133
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
134
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
135
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
136
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
oval window
cochlea
137
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
absolute
construct
criterion-related
138
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
long-term
intermediate-term
short-term
139
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
140
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
141
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the reciprocity norm
142
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
143
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
thalamus
pineal gland
144
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
145
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
attributionism
functionalism
individualism
146
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
mnemonic
platonic
morphemic
147
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
148
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
happiness
fear
surprise
149
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
150
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland

AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud