Scanning Electron Microscopy is not..

Can enhance contrast by staining atoms with heavy metal dyes

What order does binomial nomenclature go in?

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom Domain

AP Biology Midterm Review Flashcards | StudBud

AP Biology Midterm Review

AP Biology is torture and thats why this is so long. Here is all of the mass amounts of info you need to know. Enjoy... Seriously though, this covers Big Idea 1 and Big Idea 2.

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Questions 316

Answers

1
This RNA attaches mRNA and makes up ribosomes
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
2
Extra sets of chromosomes; 2 species produce a hybrid
Polyploidy
Both
Autopolyploidy
Neither
3
Uses order of rock strata to determine relative age of fossils
Carbon Dating
Other
Relative Dating
Radiometric Dating
4
Many organisms not preserved, fossils destroyed, or not yet found
Incomplete Record
Mineralized Organisms
Sedimentary Rock
Organic Material
5
Which is usually solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fats
Saturated Fats
6
Biological catalysts that speed up rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
Acids
Macromolecules
Micro-molecules
Enzymes
7
Mitochondria & plastids (chloroplasts) formed from small prokaryotes living in larger cells
Urey & Miller Theory
Endosymbiont Theory
None of the above
Evolution
8
Chordata would be an example of what?
Kingdom
Order
Class
Phylum
9
a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
Polysaccharide
Lipid
Monosaccharide
Polymer
10
What are the Domains?
All of the above
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
11
How does Phosphorus move through the environment?
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Water Cycle
12
Who tested the conditions of early earth?
Miller & Urey
Two of the above are true
Oparin-Haldane
The Miller & Urey Hypothesis
13
What energy was on the early stages of earth?
Neither
Both of the above
UV radiation
Lightning
14
average rate at which a species genome accumulates mutations measure evolutionary divergence
Molecular Clocks
Homologous Mapping
Maximum Parsimony
Phylogenetic Tree
15
H of polar covalent molecule bonds to electronegative atom of other polar covalent molecules
Covalent
Ionic
Polar
Hydrogen
16
A reaction that loses energy during the reaction
2 are technically correct
Cellular Respiration
Exergonic
Endergonic
17
What bonds fit between a substrate and an enzyme?
Covalent bonds
Ionic Bonds
Van der Waals
Hydrogen Bonds
18
What elements make up lipids?
C, H, N, O, P, S
C, H, O, S
C, H, O, N, P
C, H, O
19
Activators: non-protein, organic molecules, bind temporarily or permanently to enzyme near site
Coenzymes
Proteins
Cofactors
Vitamins
20
a normal diploid cell or organism acquires one or more additional sets of chromosomes
nonrandom selection
bottleneck effect
genetic polyploidy
heterozygosity
21
frequency of Aa (heterozygous)
p
2pq
q
p2
22
Take apart cells, separate major organells
Cell fractionation
Ultracentrifuges
Electron Microscopy
SEM
23
A form of diffusion requiring the use of ATP
Passive Transport
Active Transport
24
Conformational changes by regulatory molecules
Non Competitive Inhibition
Irreversible Inhibition
Allosteric Regulation
Competitive Inhibition
25
a large cell cannot move material in & out of cell fast enough to support life
false
true
26
Each enzyme works with a specific substrate, the chemical can fit between active site&substrate
Not consumed in reaction
Reaction specific
3 are correct
Affected by cellular conditions
27
Prevents mating or hinder fertilization
Postzygotic Barrier
Prezygotic Barrier
All of the above
None of the above
28
differencein populations in genetically based traits across natural geographic range of species
bottleneck effect
Heterozygosity
loci
Geographic vartiation
29
When did the first multicellular eukaryotes appear?
1.2 billion years
3.5 billion years
4.7 billion years
2.1 billion years
30
releases water; used to create palmers connected by covalent bonds; anabolic; endergonic
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
31
Inhibitor that permanently binds to enzyme.
Non Competitive Inhibition
I'm confused
Competitive Inhibition
Irreversible Inhibition
32
Major Event: plants invade land, many animals appear, Permian Extinction
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
33
What are the four key elements of life? They make up 96% of the 25.
O, C, H, N
O, C, P, N
P, S, Ca, K
Ca, O, P, K, N
34
Def. of species: share a common ancestor, form one branch on tree of life
Ecological
All of the above
Phylogenetic
Morphological
35
ATP Synthase in the inner mitochondrial and chloroplast membrane.
Cholesterol
Protein
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
36
chosen by chance
stabilizing selection
random selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
37
What is the versatile solvent?
Water
Juice
Acid
Milk
38
When subunits of a protein come together, it makes...
Primary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Secondary structure
39
Rare in fossils but found in amber, frozen, tar pits
Sedimentary Rock
Incomplete Records
Mineralized
Organic Matter
40
Scanning Electron Microscopy is not..
3-D
Can enhance contrast by staining atoms with heavy metal dyes
Used for detailed study of surface of specimen
Gives great field of depth
41
What type of bond is covalent but differs in electronegativity?
Polar
Covalent
Nonpolar
Ionic
42
break down fatty acids; detox alcoholInvolves production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
Lysosomes
Enzymes
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
43
What is the dissolved substance?
Solution
Water
Solute
Solvent
44
Stores waste and other resources in the cell, larger in plant cells
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
45
To use the simplest explanation (fewest DNA changes) for a tree. "Keep it simple."
Clades
Maximum Parsimony
Loci
Molecular Clocks
46
A protein that actively uses ATP to transfer chemicals across the cell membrane
Carrier protein
Channel protein
47
This macromolecule can be used as an enzyme, for structural support, cell signaling and more
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
48
biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by oxidation of nitrate.
denitrification
fixation
ammonification
nitrification
49
Enzymes are specific to to the substrate in both shape and charge
Rarely true
Always true
False
Sometimes true
50
Used to construct cladograms
Homologous Structures
Shared Derived Characteristics
Clades
Analogous Structures
51
What order does binomial nomenclature go in?
Species, Class, Order, Phylum, Family, Genus, Kingdom Domain
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Kingdom Domain
Class, Family, Species, Phylum, Order, Genus, Kingdom Domain
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom Domain
52
What are the most common elements found in living organisms?
H, N, P, He, Xe
C, H, N, O, P, S
C, H, N, S
C, N, O, S
53
A rate is determined by collisions between substrate and enzyme.
True
False
54
What is the third step to life beginning on Earth?
Molecules packaged into protocells
Small organic molecules were synthesized
Self-replicating molecules allow for inheritance
Small molecules -> macromolecules
55
force 1millionx force of gravity to separate further the cell organelles w/ most dense @ bottom
Electron Microscopy
Cell fractionation
Ultracentrifuge
SEM
56
Differs in spatial arrangement
Isomers
Cis-Trans Isomer
Enantiomers
Structural Isomer
57
What is considered a derivative of cholesterol?
Sterols
Phospholipids
Waxes
Fats
58
The dissolving agent (liquid).
Solute
Solution
Water
Solvent
59
the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches
mass extinction
diversity of life
Cenozoic
adaptive radiation
60
Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy called electron shells.
False
True
61
In what ways can temperature effect enzymes?
Increased temperature can cause increased collisions
Neither
It can denature an enzyme.
Both
62
a lower potential to survive for organisms whose parents have incompatible genetics
Reduced Hybrid Viability
Hybrid Breakdown
Reduced Hybrid Fertility
Gametic Isolation
63
Organic compounds that usually consist of long hydrocarbon chains
Waxes
Fats
Sterols
Phospholipids
64
How does nitrogen cycle through the environment?
Carbon Cycle
Water Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
65
What was Pangea and when did it come about?
a supercontinent; 250mya
a supercontinent; unknown
a planet; 250 bya
a type of plant; 25mya
66
When did the first prokaryotes appear?
3.5 billion years
1.2 billion years
4.3 billion years
2.5 billion years
67
Branching diagram that shows evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Phenotype Tree
Phylogenetic Tree
Genotype Tree
Homologous Tree
68
What is the pH level for most humans?
5-6
1-2
8-9
6-8
69
any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharides
Polymer
70
What pH balance is considered neutral?
below 0
8-14
1-6
7
71
This macromolecules polymers are RNA and DNA
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
72
2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
Compound
Hydrogen
Element
H2O
73
Common ancestor; slow constant change
Hybrid Breakdown
Speciation
Punctuated Equilibrium
Gradualism
74
Carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
Life Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
75
Why is it important for a cell to have a high surface area?
They need to contain a specific amount of cytoplasm
Bigger is better
To help manage resources and intake and output of substances
Cells arent supposed to be large
76
storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons)
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
77
evolutionary change within species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period
microevolution
homologous
genetic drift
macroevolution
78
Which loses protons?
Hydroxide Ion
Hydronium Ion
79
What is Eukarya, Archea, and Archea considered?
Kingdom
Domain
Phylum
Class
80
This macromolecules dimers are disaccharides
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
81
channels through which ions, sugar, small molecules can pass
Tight Junctions
Gap Junctions
2 or more are correct
Desmosomes
82
changes in population genetics which extreme values for trait favored over intermediate values
random selection
intrasexual selection
disruptive selection
confused
83
a fatty acid in which there is one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain.
Unsaturated Fats
Waxes
Saturated Fats
Sterols
84
uses water; used to break polymers into monomers by breaking covalent bonds; catabolic
Dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
85
What is not evidence of the Endosymbiont theory?
All the above
Reproduce independently within cell
Have own ribosomes & DNA
Double-membrane structure
86
animals/plants, (usually related species) occur in separate non-overlapping geographical areas
Genetic Drift
Nonrandom Selection
Allopatric
Geographic Variation
87
The carbon cycle is a biochemical cycle.
False
True
88
Major event: photosynthesis, atmospheric O₂, Eukaryotes
Precambrian
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
89
Ribosomes that create proteins to be exported from the cell
Free Ribosomes
Bound Ribosomes
90
Limits the movement of ions and molecules into the cell
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
Tight Junctions
91
What cannot cause sympatric speciation?
Habitat differentiation
Sexual selection
Genetic Drift
Polyploidy
92
Measure decay of radioactive isotopes present in layers where fossils are found
Radiometric Dating
Relative Dating
Other
Carbon Dating
93
When something competes for an active site; can be overcome with more substrate
Enzymes
Endergonic
Exergonic
Competitive Inhibition
94
in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome
homologous
analogous
vestigial
locus
95
The majority of Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen. (78%)
False
True
96
When did life first appear on earth?
4.6 billion years ago
3.2 billion years ago
1.2 billion years ago
3.8 billion years ago
97
breaks down lipids
DNA polymerase
Lipases
Proteases
Sucrase
98
Allows the flow of Ions and molecules between plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes
Tight Junctions
Gap Junctions
99
the gametes (egg and sperm) come into contact, but no fertilization takes place
Mechanical Isolation
Gametic Isolation
Hybrid Breakdown
Reduced Hybrid Viability
100
Used to support the cell, and more importantly, pull the sister chromatids apart during divisio
Centrosomes
Centrioles
Nucleus
Chromosomes
101
Master regulatory genes determine location and organization of body parts
Homeotic genes
Homologous Genes
Analogous Genes
Vestigial Genes
102
The females prefer the more elaborate patterns on their mates. Like peahens.
Intraselection
stabilizing selection
random selection
directional selection
103
new species from a surviving ancestral species, both cont to inhabit the same geographic region
Two are correct
Sympatric Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
Original Speciation
104
What groups are part of the active sites within enzymes?
R Groups
Fatty Groups
S Groups
Carboxyl Groups
105
How did life FIRST begin?
Molecules packaged into protocells
small organic molecules were synthesized
small molecules → macromolecules
self-replicating molecules allow for inheritance
106
When H₂O to vessel walls counters the downward pull of gravity.
Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface Tension
Bonding
107
The point at which forward and revers reactions offset one another exactly
Chemical Equilibrium
The breaking point
Van der Waals
2 are correct
108
Carbon molecules can be chains, ring-shaped, or branched?
nah
confused
I guess so
yea
109
What is not a characteristic of hydrophobic?
Repel H2O
Non-polar
Blood
Oils, Lipids
110
This organelle is in charge of combining molecules into more complicated forms, and packagingit
Vacuoles
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Body
111
Liquid, homogeneous mixture of 2+ substances
Solvent
Solute
Solution
Water
112
Mammalia would be an example of what?
Species
Phylum
Genus
Class
113
In what ways can substrate concentration effect enzymes?
Increased rate
It doesn't
Both are true; it depends on substrate concentration.
Decreased rate
114
hybrids between closely related species are sometimes partially fertile
Reduced Hybrid Fertility
Gametic Isolation
Hybrid Breakdown
Reduced Hybrid Viability
115
(natural selection) the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value
directional selection
intrasexual selection
stabilizing selection
random selection
116
Mirror images of molecules
Cis-Trans Isomer
Isomer
Enantiomers
Structural Isomer
117
What was synthesis of organic compounds?
Energy
Primitive Soup
Bacteria
All of the above
118
Diagram that depicts patterns of shared characteristics among taxa.
Clade
Phylogenetic Tree
Derived Characteristics
Cladogram
119
What hypothesis tested the conditions of early earth?
Oparin & Haldane
Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis
Miller & Urey
Miller & Urey Hypothesis
120
Long periods of stasis punctuated by sudden change seen in fossil record
Speciation
Hybrid Breakdown
Punctuated Equilibrium
Gradualism
121
A cell that contains a nucleus, nuclear envelope, and other membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
122
What is the movement of H₂O up plants
Adhesion
Transpiration
Cohesion
Surface Tension
123
Many natural waxes contain esters of long-chain carboxylic acids and long-chain alcohols.
False
True
124
the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another
cline
migration
Gene flow
Bottleneck effect
125
Contains DNA and regulates the cells function
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi Body
126
What is not a characteristic of hydrophilic?
Cellulose, sugar, salt
Polar, ions
Cell membranes
Affinity for H2O
127
What molecules can carbon form in?
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acid
128
This is when a concentration of something within a liquid moves down the concentration gradient
Passive transport
Active transport
129
energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion
Light
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Sound
130
What elements make up proteins?
C, H, O, N, P
C, H, O
C, H, O, N, P, S
C, H, O, N, S
131
sharp lowering of a population's gene pool bc of a change (environment, human caused, etc.)
bottleneck effect
Hardy-weinberg
non random selection
Genetic Drift
132
The measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch surface of liquid
Cohesion
Adhesion
Van der Waals
Surface Tensions
133
the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor
Lamarck
Darwin
Hutton
Cavier
134
Bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent with carbon
Honestly, neither
False
idk, carbon is pretty weird
True
135
molecular structure consisting chiefly/entirely of large number of similar unit bonded together
Polymer
Monomer
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
136
the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen intro a combined form through chemical&biological action
fixation
dentrification
ammonification
nitrification
137
What are enzymes effected by?
pH Balance
Temperature
Substrate concentration
All the above
138
This polymer is double stranded, contains deoxyribose, and uses A,C,G,T
DNA
RNA
139
(of an organ or part of the body) having become functionless in the course of evolution
confused
Homologous
Vestigial
Analogous
140
nitrates are reduced to nitrites and then to nitrogen gas and ammonia, reduction of nitrates.
denitrification
fixation
ammonification
nitrification
141
frequency of AA (homozygous dominant)
p2
p
q2
q
142
Conducts photosynthesis within a plant cell
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Cytoskeleton
143
A protein that allows for free flow through the cell membrane along the concentration gradient
Carrier protein
Channel protein
144
When did humans first appear on Earth?
500 million years
2.1 billion years
200,000 years ago
1.2 billion years
145
What bond only shares electrons, but might not differ in electronegativity?
Ionic
Covalent
Polar
Nonpolar
146
What did the the Miller & Urey experiment wield?
Carbohydrates
Amino acids
Microorganisms
Bacteria
147
proteins that carry out a function in the body
Functional Protein
Polymer
Lipid
Nucleotide
148
a group of organisms that includes an ancestor but not all of its descendants
Polyphyletic Group
Monophyletic Group
Paraphyletic Group
149
Any condition that affects protein structure
Affected by cellular conditions
Im confused
Not consumed in reaction
Reaction specific
150
What is not a characteristic of Light Microscopy?
Specimen can be alive/moving
Visible light passes through specimen/refracts light
Magnify up 1000x/color
Black&white/Magnify up to 1,000,000 times
151
This macromolecules polymer is a polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
152
Water is an excellent solvent.
True
False
153
Is water polar or non polar?
Polar bear
Polar
Im confused?
Nonpolar
154
This Polymer is single stranded, contains Ribose, and uses A,C,G, and U
DNA
RNA
155
Triesters formed by the reaction of glycerol and any of several fatty acids.
Waxes
Sterols
Fats
Phospholipds
156
helps members of the same species identify each other as proper mates
Habitat Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
Temporal Isolation
Mechanical Isolation
157
Activators: non-protein, small inorganic compounds & ions (Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu)
Vitamins
Coenzymes
Cofactors
Proteins
158
Used to reconstruct history
Fossil Record
Mineralized
Organic Evidence
Incomplete Records
159
(of structures) performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin
analogous
confused
homologous
vestigial
160
In what type of bond is electrons shared equally?
Ionic
Polar
Nonpolar
Covalent
161
Extensions of the cell that help it to move along
Cillia
Flagella
Centrosomes
Centrioles
162
Which type of lipid is this?
Fats
Sterols
Waxes
Phospholipids
163
What is not a characteristic of Electron Microscopy?
Magnify up to 1,000,000x
Focuses a beam of electrons through/onto specimen/Black&whit
Visible light passes through specimen
Specimen non-living and in vacuum
164
What element is the main component of biological compounds as well as minerals.
Neon
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
165
When did O₂ begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
1.2 billion years
2.1 billion years
2.7 billion years
3.5 billion years
166
What was the second step to life beginning on Earth?
Self-replicating molecules allow for inheritance
Small organic molecules were synthesized
Molecules packaged into protocells
Small molecules -> macromolecules
167
What pH range would be considered acidic?
1-6
below zero
7
8-14
168
Ribosomes that create proteins to be used within the cell
Free ribosomes
Bound ribosomes
169
synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs & poisons, store Ca²⁺
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Ribosome
170
What pH balance would be considered basic?
7
8-14
below 0
1-6
171
extensions of root epidermal cells; increase surface area for absorbing water and minerals
Root Hairs
Small Intestine
Villi
Microvilli
172
breaks down sucrose
sucrase
DNA polymerase
proteases
lipases
173
package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane
Mitochondria
Lipids
Rough ER
Smooth ER
174
Give strength to tissue by linking the cells together by the cytoskeleton
Gap Junctions
Plasmodesmata
Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
175
channels between cells to allow passage of molecules
Plasmodesmata
Cytosol
Cell Wall
Vacuoles
176
breaks down proteins
DNA polymerase
Proteases
Lipases
Sucrase
177
allele/genotype frequency in pop remain constant gen. to gen. in absence of evolution influence
Hardy-wienberg
microevolution
Darwin
natural selection
178
requency of aa (homozygous recessive)
p2
q2
q
p
179
What is the optimal temperature for human enzymes in Celsius?
10-20
35-40
40-42
30-35
180
the science of classifying and naming organisms
Linnaeus
Taxonomy
None of the above
Binomial nomenclature
181
Which reduces H+ concentration?
Base
Acid
182
The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
False
True
183
This macromolecules function is for energy storage, cell membrane development, and steroids.
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
184
How does salt concentration affect enzyme function?
disrupts attractions between charged amino acids
disrupt bonds, disrupts 3D shape, denatures proteins
adds/removes cations (+) & anions (-)
All the above
185
Cells must be small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio
False
True
186
What bonds does water form?
Ionic
Still confused..
Hydrogen
Covalent
187
group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor
Monophyletic Group
Polyphyletic Group
Paraphyletic Group
All of the above
188
What is the carrier molecule in the plasma membrane?
Protein
Cholesterol
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
189
This RNA carries amino acids
mRNA
DNA
rRNA
tRNA
190
Which increases H+ concentration?
Base
Acid
191
What does the optimal temperature for enzymes mean?
When there is the greatest number of molecular collisions.
When enzymes are barely colliding
192
This macromolecules monomers are amino acids
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
193
Prevent hybrid zygote from developing into fertile adult
Both
None
Prezygotic Barriers
Postzygotic Barrier
194
Breaks down proteins (polypeptides)
Proteases
DNA polymerase
Lipases
Pepsin
195
Major event: formation of Pangaea, super continent
Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
196
Felidae would be an example of what?
Species
Genus
Order
Family
197
Which type of lipid is this?
Wax
Sterol
Phospholipid
Fat
198
evolution theory maintains that species evolve slow/continuous over long period geological time
Cavier
Hutton
Darwin
Lamarck
199
What is Animalia considered?
Kingdom
Domain
Phylum
Class
200
Molecules have same molecular formula, but differ in atom arrangement
Covalent
Isotope
Isomer
Confused
201
What did the early atmosphere of earth consist of?
H20 vapor, N2, CO2, H2, H2S, methane, ammonia
H20 vapor, N2, CO2, H2, H2S
vapor
Oparin & Haldane
202
An unresolved pattern of divergence
Polytomy
Phylogenetics
Homologous
Analogous
203
Molecules and atoms from the environment are necessary to build new molecules.
false
true
204
Which gains protons?
Hydroxide Ion
Hydronium Ion
205
Chemical reactions of life are organized in pathways
Allosteric Regulation
Irreversible Inhibition
Metabolic Pathways
Competitive Inhibition
206
Freebie! Here are some facts about the Diversity of Carbon!
It can form 4 covalent bonds
It has 4 valence electrons (tetra valence)
Its most frequent bonding partners are H, O, and N
Its pretty cool.
207
Attaches at the active site and changes shape of the enzyme so it is not functional
Increased Temperature
none of the above
Denaturing
Non-competitive inhibition
208
What cannot cause allopatric speciation?
Genetic Drift
Geological isolation
Polyploidy
Natural Selection
209
What are steroids?
Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
Lipid bilayer of cell membrane
Cholesterol and horomones
A hydrophilic head
210
Single enzyme molecule can catalyze thousands or more reactions per second
Reaction specific
Not consumed in reaction
Affected by cellular conditions
None of the above
211
When did Eukaryotes first appear on Earth?
4.3 billion years
2.1 billion years
3.5 billion years
1.2 billion years
212
2 cells are fused to form watertight seal
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
None
Tight Junctions
213
Major Event: This is when primates appear.
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
214
What order does the geologic time scale go in from longest to shortest?
Epoch, Period, Era, Eon
Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
Era, Epoch, Eon, Period
Period, Eon, Era, Epoch
215
What is the class of lipids?
Wazes
Fats
Phospholipids
Sterols
216
What is not a characteristic of matter?
Has mass and takes up space
Affected by gravity
Consists of elements and compounds
Moves matter
217
What are fats considered?
Triglycerides
Sterols
Waxes
Phospholipids
218
Varies in covalent arrangement
Enantiomers
Isomers
Structural Isomer
Cis-Trans Isomer
219
What macromolecule contains primarily carbon?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
220
What elements make up carbohydrates?
C, H, O
C, N, H, O, P, S
C, H, O, P
C, P, S, N
221
This RNA copies messages from DNA
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
222
What is the fourth step to life beginning on Earth?
Molecules packaged into protocells
Small organic molecules were synthesized
Small molecules -> macromolecules
Self-replicating molecules allow for inheritance
223
What type of evolution is in Evolutionary-Devo?
Developmental Biology
Genetic Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Two are true
224
A group of species that includes an ancestral species + all descendants
Derived Characteristics
Clade
Phylogenetic Tree
Cladogram
225
Denitrification is the reverse process of nitrification.
false
true
226
What is not a characteristic of an Element?
Can't be broken down by "ordinary" means to another substanc
"Pure" substance
Hydrogen, Nitrogen
2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
227
This macromolecules function is the storage of genetic information
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
228
the sticking together of alike molecules, such as water molecule being attracted to water
cohesion
adhesion
the bro bond
covalent
229
Panthera parus would be an example of what?
Species
Genus
Order
Family
230
How does carbon cycle through the environment?
Life Cycle
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
231
Endoplasmic Reticulum found within the cytoplasm, composed mostly of tubules and stores protein
Rough ER
Smooth ER
232
Evolutionary change above the species level
Phylogenetic Tree
Microevolution
Homologous Structures
Macroevolution
233
How does the cold affect enzymes?
molecules move faster; decreased collision
molecules move slower; decreased collision
molecules move slower; increased collision
molecules move faster; increased collision
234
The plant or animal that you are apart of dies. You are let to be converted back to ammonium.
Nitrification
Denitrification
Ammonification
Fixation
235
This macromolecule contains a carboxyl group, amino group, and a central carbon R group
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
236
What is not a characteristic of the high specific heat of water?
Causes water to move against the pull of gravity
Large bodies of water absorb and store more heat
Create stable marine/land environment
Change temp less when absorbs/loses heat
237
Substrate acts as an activator/substrate causes conformational change in enzyme/favors binding
Metabolic Pathways
Cooperativity
Competitive Inhibition
Feedback Inhibition
238
some individuals or values have more chance of being selected than others.
nonrandom mating
bottleneck effect
Hardy-wienberg
Loci
239
Where is nitrogen found in proteins?
Lipids
Bases
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
240
hydrid individual is sterile often due to the inability to produce normal gametes in meiosis
Gametic Isolation
Hybrid Breakdown
Reduced Hybrid Viability
Reduced Hybrid Fertility
241
Population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed
Species
Family
Genus
Species
242
This macromolecules monomers are monosaccharides
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
243
What tools can be used to determine evolutionary relationships?
Morphology
Molecular evidence
All the above
Fossils
244
Where is phorphorus found in lipids?
Waxes
Phospholipids
Fats
Sterols
245
intracellular digestion; recycle cell’s materials; programmed cell death (apoptosis)
ER
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
246
List the strength of the bonds in the order of strongest to weakest.
covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, ionic bonds
the bond between two bros
ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds
247
Small channel proteins that help ions and molecules flow to adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Plasmodesmata
Gap Junctions
Tight Junctions
248
Panthera would be an example of what?
Species
Order
Family
Genus
249
an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes
directional selection
stabilizing selection
random selection
disruptive selection
250
When did the colonization of land by fungi, plants, and animals appear on Earth?
1.2 billion years
500 million years
3.5 billion years
2.1 billion years
251
builds DNA adds nucleotides to DNA strand
Proteases
Sucrase
DNA polymerase
Lipases
252
gradation in 1+ characteristic w/in species/taxon especially between different populations
a cline
bottleneck effect
genetic drift
hardy-wienberg
253
Endoplasmic Reticulum that is found near the nuclear membrane, and can synthesize and storefats
Rough ER
Smooth ER
254
The substance acted upon by an enzyme.
Substrate
Enzyme
Active Site
255
What are fats called that are liquid at room temperature?
Sterols
Waxes
Fats
Oils
256
What type of dating has a half life?
Radiometric Dating
Relative Dating
Carbon Dating
Uranium
257
energy possessed by position relative to others stresses within itself electric charge& factors
Sound
Potential energy
Light
Kinetic energy
258
What do all cells not have?
Plasma membrane/cytosol
DNA/Ribosomes
Mitochondria/ER
Cytoplasm/Chromosomes
259
How many classes of lipids are there?
3
1
2
4
260
A Transmission Electron Microscopy is not..
Creates a flat image with extreme detail.
Used for detailed study of surface of specimen.
2-D
Can enhance contrast by staining atoms w/ heavy metals dyes
261
the frequency of the recessive allele
confused
q
p
2pq
262
force of attraction between unlike molecules/the attraction between the two contact surfaces
family bonds, man
adhesion
cohesion
the bro bond
263
The simplest level of protein structure.
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Primary
264
supported the idea that individuals could pass down acquired characteristics to their offspring
Darwin
Lamarck
Cavier
Hutton
265
What is a characteristic of an isotope?
All the above
# of neutrons varies but same # of protons
Radioactive isotopes can be used as tracers
Uncontrolled exposure can cause harm
266
Contains Carbon & H
Organic Chemistry
Organic Compounds
267
What type of lipid is this?
Phospholipids
Sterols
Fats
Waxes
268
Def. of species: by body shape, size, and other structural features
Ecological
Phylogenetic
All of the above
Morphological
269
The number of years for 50% of original sample to decay.
Relative Dating
Carbon Dating
Half-life
Radiometric Dating
270
different species are isolated by their mechanics, or genetalia
Mechanical Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
Reduced Hybrid Viability
Gametic Isolation
271
This macromolecules monomers are nucleotides
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
272
Enzymes are specific to pH
false
true
confused
idk
273
What is the breakdown of reproductive barriers?
Sympatric Speciation
Autopolyploidy
Hybrid breakdown
Fusion
274
Carnivora would be an example of what?
Genus
Family
Order
Class
275
Def. of species: niche/role in community
All of the above
Ecological
Morphological
Phylogenetic
276
the chance disappear of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce
genetic drift
bottleneck effect
gene flow
evolution
277
What is the major component of the fluid bilayer of a plasma membrane?
Triglyceride
Protein
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
278
What elements are found in nucleic acids?
C, H, O, M, P
C, H, O, P
C, H, O
C, H, O, N, P, S
279
What is not a characteristic of energy?
Has mass and takes up space
Ability to do work
Moves matter
Conversions
280
What type of lipid is this?
Waxes
Sterols
Phospholipids
Fats
281
having the same structural feature/pattern of genes/having the same relation/position/structure
Analogous
Cline
Allopatric
Homologous
282
slight, fleeting attractions between atoms and molecules close together
Van der Waals Interaction
Polar
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
283
A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed.
none
burning
exergonic
endergonic
284
any group of organisms that is given a formal taxonomic name
Polyphyletic Group
Monophyletic Group
Paraphyletic Group
285
fat molecules that have no double bonds between C molecules because they filled w H molecules
Saturated Fats
Oils
Waxes
Unsaturated Fats
286
This organelle determines the function and looks of a tissue
Extracellular Matrix
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
287
What is not a part of energy?
Elements and compounds
Sound
Light
Heat
288
Fats can be both solid and liquid at room temperature depending on structure & composition
True
False
289
The specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis takes place.
Enzyme
Substrate
Active Site
290
Most phospholipids contain diglycerids.
false
true
291
the frequency of the dominant allele
p
confused
2pq
q
292
What are important processes of the Nitrogen Cycle?
fixation, evaporation, condensation, nitrification
fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
fixation, condensation, ammonification, precipitation
293
widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth
mass extinction
Mesozoic
adaptive radiation
diversity of life
294
Fats, waxes, and sterols contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
false
true
295
Reproductive rate is relative to the max reproductive rate in a given population
Relative Fitness
Loci
Geographic Variation
Bottleneck Effect
296
This macromolecule is made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a base
Nucleic Acids
proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
297
local folded structures form w/in polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone
Quaternary
Tertiary
Primary
Secondary
298
“rivets” that fasten cells into strong sheets
Desmosomes
2 are correct
Tight Junction
Gap Junctions
299
Branch of chemistry that specializes in study of carbon compounds
Carbon chemistry
Organic compounds
Organic Chemistry
Major elements of life
300
the possession of two different alleles of a particular gene or genes by an individual.
analogous
heterozygosity
polyploidy
homologous
301
synthesis & packaging of materials small molecules for transport in vesicles; produce lysosomes
Mitochondria
ER
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosome
302
The powerhou- I mean, creates energy for the cell by breaking down molecules
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
303
the electrostatic bond between two ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons
hydrogen bonds
those family bonds
ionic bonds
covalent bonds
304
A three dimensional protein structure
Quaternary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
305
What is the pH of water?
7
0
8
1
306
stated that the mechanisms of change are constant over time and therefore still apply today
Cavier
Lamarck
Darwin
Lyell
307
How old is Earth?
4.7 billion years
4.6 billion years
2.5 billion years
1 billion years
308
2 species live in the same area but different habitats
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
Mechanical Isolation
Habitat isolation
309
The bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms.
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
family bonds
hydrogen bonds
310
evolutionary mechanism that keeps individuals of different species from interbreeding
Mechanical Isolation
Temporal Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
Habitat Isolation
311
Minimize changes in concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution, Buffers keep blood at pH ~7.4
Bicarbonate
Buffers
Bicarbonate System
Carbonic Acid
312
Regulation and coordination of production, product is used by the next step in the path way
Irreversible Inhibition
Feedback Inhibition
Competitive Inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition
313
a type of bond in which H atom that has a covalent link w 1 of the electroneg forms an link
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
that family bond tho.
314
Provides structural support for the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Extracellular Matrix
Cytoskeleton
Nuclear Envelope
315
changes in allele frequencies within a single gene pool
Similarity Between Species
Macroevolution
Maximum Parsimony
Microevolution
316
Barriers that prevent members of 2 species from producing viable, fertile hybrids
Genetic Drift
Sexual Preference
Breeding Isolation
Reproductive Isolation