In prokaryotes, binary fission includes which of the following?

copying the parental chromosome into daughter cells

A woman who is a carrier of hemophilia marries a man affected with hemophilia. Wht % of their kids are expected to carry

50% of sons and 50% of daughters

What is the role of a locus on a chromosome?

Specifies the position of a gene

Use the Punnett square from the intro to select the three statements tht are true about the inheritance of this deafness

If a deaf child is born to a deaf man,& hearing mother, mother must be Dd., The child of a deaf man and a DD hearing woman will definitely have hearing, If a deaf child is born to hearing parents, both parents must be Dd.

Which drug shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent?

a drug that prevents mitotic spindle from forming

Which of the following is a true statement for mitosis but NOT meiosis?

Daughter cells are used for tissue repair.

Women with Turner syndrome display which of the following sex chromosome abnormalities and characteristics?

a single X chromosome; short stature and infertility

Crossing over occurs between:

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States is ____, a ____ disorder. Its characteristic symptom is ___.

cystic fibrosis; recessive; excess mucus production

Reciprocal translocation refers to:

Exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes

What would be the immediate effect on mitosis of destroying a cell's centrosomes?

The mitotic spindle would not form.

One-half of the females have red eyes and are carriers for white eyes.

Which outcome of mating between a red flower (RR) and a white flower (rr) illustrates incomplete dominance?

All members of the F1 generation have pink flowers.

Which statement regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?

Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation

If the couple's first child has hearing, can you determine the mother’s genotype?

Her genotype cannot be determined.

What causes the sister chromatids to move toward opposite poles of the cell in anaphase?

They are pulled by spindle microtubules attached at the kinetochore.

Nondisjunction occurs when

members of a chromosome pair fail to separate

What is a benign tumor?

A tumor that remains localized without invading other tissues

The chromosome theory of inheritance holds that __________.

The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization

What is the molecular basis for hypercholesterolemia in a person who is homozygous for the recessive allele h?

People who are hh have no cell-surface receptors for LDL cholesterol.

Child will not have Tay-Sachs, but 50% chance of carrying Tay-Sachs allele

What is the primary genetic defect in cancer cells?

Unregulated growth and cell division

What are homologous chromosomes?

a matched pair of chromosomes tht may have different genes at the same loci

The term “allele” refers to:

Different versions of the same gene

Which of the following growth factors is required for cell division in normal cells?

Growth factors in the media or environment

How are cells obtained for constructing a karyotype?

White blood cells are cultured and stained.

What does it mean if a cancer is metastatic?

The cancer has spread to other parts of the body

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Exam 3

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Questions 77

Answers

1
In prokaryotes, binary fission includes which of the following?
formation of a cell plate
copying the parental chromosome into daughter cells
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
disintegration of the nuclear membrane
2
Which chromosomal condition is also known as Turner syndrome?
X0
XXY
XXX
XYY
3
If an organism has two identical alleles for a gene, it is said to be:
Recessive
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Dominant
4
A woman who is a carrier of hemophilia marries a man affected with hemophilia. Wht % of their kids are expected to carry
50% of sons and 0% of daughters
50% of sons and 50% of daughters
100% of sons and 50% of daughters
0% of sons and 50% of daughters
5
Klinefelter syndrome occurs in individuals with which of the following chromosomal combinations?
XY
XX
XYY
XXY
6
What is the role of a locus on a chromosome?
Indicates chromosome shape
Controls DNA replication
Determines chromosome length
Specifies the position of a gene
7
Use the Punnett square from the intro to select the three statements tht are true about the inheritance of this deafness
If a deaf child is born to a deaf man,& hearing mother, mother must be Dd.
The child of a Dd father and Dd mother has a 50% chance of having hearing
The child of a deaf man and a DD hearing woman will definitely have hearing
If a deaf child is born to hearing parents, both parents must be Dd.
If the first two children from Dd parents are deaf, no risk of third kid
8
What type of growth inhibition is bypassed in cancer cells?
Immune inhibition
Density-dependent inhibition
Anchorage-dependent inhibition
Chemical inhibition
9
The dominant phenotype of a single-gene trait called Z results from the genotype __________.
ZZ or Zz
Zz
ZZ
10
Which choice lists the time periods of the phases of the cell cycle correctly from longest phase to shortest phase?
S, mitosis, G2
S, G2, mitosis
mitosis, S, G1
mitosis, S, G2
11
At what point in the cell cycle is DNA synthesized in a eukaryotic cell that is NOT a nerve or a muscle cell?
continuously throughout the cell cycle
in the S phase of interphase
only during mitosis
DNA is synthesized in G2 of interphase immediately preceding mitosis.
12
Which drug shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent?
a drug that prevents tetrad formation
a drug that prevents crossing over
a drug that interferes with organismal cellular respiration
a drug that prevents mitotic spindle from forming
13
Which of the following is a true statement for mitosis but NOT meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
Crossing over occurs.
Chromosome tetrads form.
Daughter cells are used for tissue repair.
14
Which of the following genotypes is considered homozygous recessive?
PpP
PP
Pp
pp
15
Women with Turner syndrome display which of the following sex chromosome abnormalities and characteristics?
a single X chromosome; short stature and infertility
XXX; slightly taller than average and normal fertility
XYY; no abnormal characteristics
XXY; infertility
16
What is the principle that describes the separation of alleles during gamete formation?
Blended inheritance
Law of independent assortment
Law of segregation
Law of dominance
17
Crossing over occurs between:
Centrosomes of different cells
Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
Entire chromosomes
Sister chromatids of the same chromosome
18
The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States is ____, a ____ disorder. Its characteristic symptom is ___.
achondroplasia; dominant; dwarfism
phenylketonuria; recessive; developmental disabilities
cystic fibrosis; recessive; excess mucus production
sickle-cell disease; recessive; sickled red blood cells and organ damage
19
Reciprocal translocation refers to:
The duplication of a chromosome segment
The loss of a chromosome segment
The inversion of a chromosome segment
Exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes
20
What would be the immediate effect on mitosis of destroying a cell's centrosomes?
The mitotic spindle would not form.
Sister chromatids would lose their centromeres.
Cytokinesis would not occur.
The nuclear envelope would not break down.
21
Answer the following
a
d
b
c
22
Answer the following
All of the males have red eyes and are carriers for white eyes.
All of the females have red eyes and are carriers for white eyes.
One-half of the females have red eyes and are carriers for white eyes.
All of the females have red eyes and one-half of the males have red eyes.
23
Which outcome of mating between a red flower (RR) and a white flower (rr) illustrates incomplete dominance?
All members of the F1 generation have red flowers.
1/4 of the offspring are red, 1/2 are pink, 1/4 are white
All members of the F1 generation have pink flowers.
All members of the F1 generation have white flowers.
24
Which statement regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?
Only offspring from asexual reproduction inherit traits from two parents
Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation
Cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs
25
If the couple's first child has hearing, can you determine the mother’s genotype?
Her genotype cannot be determined.
Her genotype must be Dd.
Her genotype must be DD.
Her genotype must be dd.
26
The phrase cleavage furrow is associated with all of the following except __________.
cytokinesis in an animal cell
tightening the drawstring on a hoodie
cytokinesis in a plant cell
actin and myosin
27
In humans, how many possible chromosomal combinations can arise from independent assortment alone?
8 million
64 trillion
23 million
64 million
28
During metaphase I of meiosis, how do chromosomes line up?
According to gene similarity
Independently of each other
In pairs based on size
In a single file
29
What causes the sister chromatids to move toward opposite poles of the cell in anaphase?
They diffuse to areas where they are less concentrated
They slide along microfilament bundles.
They are pulled by spindle microtubules attached at the kinetochore.
Nuclear fragmentation drives their movement.
30
Most alleles that cause human genetic disorders are __________.
almost always life-threatening
recessive
always passed on to offspring
dominant
31
If an organism has a diploid number of 10, how many possible combinations are there from independent assortment?
32
16
64
10
32
Nondisjunction occurs when
two chromosomes fuse into one
an entire part of chromosomes is lost during meiosis I.
members of a chromosome pair fail to separate
a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost
33
What does chemotherapy target?
All rapidly dividing cells
Only hair cells
Only intestinal cells
Only cancer cells
34
Answer the following
It cannot be determined from the information given.
Mother Bb × Father Bb
Mother BB × Father Bb
Father Bb × Mother Bb
35
What is a benign tumor?
A tumor that spreads throughout the body
A tumor that remains localized without invading other tissues
A tumor caused by a virus
A tumor that forms in the brain
36
The chromosome theory of inheritance holds that __________.
Environment and chromosomes interact to produce many complex characters.
The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization
Mendel’s “heritable factors” are, in fact, chromosomes.
The behavior of genes during meiosis and fertilization
37
What is the molecular basis for hypercholesterolemia in a person who is homozygous for the recessive allele h?
hh have an intermediate #r of cell-surface receptors for LDL cholesterol
People who are hh have no cell-surface receptors for LDL cholesterol.
People who are hh have defective cell-surface receptors for LDL cholesterol
hh have excess #r of cell-surface receptors for LDL cholesterol
38
Answer the following
Any child born to this couple will have Tay-Sachs disease.
Child will not have Tay-Sachs, but 50% chance of carrying Tay-Sachs allele
There is a 50% chance that a child will have Tay-Sachs disease.
There is a 25% chance that a child will have Tay-Sachs disease.
39
What is the primary genetic defect in cancer cells?
Lack of oxygen
Excessive energy production
Unregulated growth and cell division
Reduced cell communication
40
What term describes cancer cells’ ability to grow without being attached to a surface?
Anchorage-independent growth
Density-dependent inhibition
Contact inhibition
Anchorage-dependent growth
41
Meiosis results in __________ gametes in __________ organisms. When gametes combine, the resulting zygote is __________.
haploid; diploid; diploid
haploid; haploid; diploid
haploid; diploid; haploid
diploid; diploid; haploid
42
What are homologous chromosomes?
a matched pair of chromosomes that are similar across all mammalian species
a matched pair of chromosomes that encode for complementary traits
a matched pair of chromosomes that have identical genes at the same loci
a matched pair of chromosomes tht may have different genes at the same loci
43
How many possible chromosomal combinations can result from the fusion of gametes (assuming independent assortment)?
128 million
64 trillion
8 million
16 million
44
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
A process that stimulates cell division
Cell cycle regulation in cancer cells
DNA replication
45
Each somatic cell in an individual with Down syndrome contains _____ chromosomes.
24
47
45
46
46
Which blood group is considered the “universal donor”?
Type A
Type AB
Type O
Type B
47
The term “allele” refers to:
Only harmful mutations
Different genes on the same chromosome
The entire chromosome
Different versions of the same gene
48
Answer the following
c
a
b
d
49
Which of the following growth factors is required for cell division in normal cells?
Only mechanical signals
Mutated growth factors
Growth factors in the media or environment
Chemical signals only
50
How are cells obtained for constructing a karyotype?
Sperm or eggs are retrieved.
Fluid from a blood sample is analyzed.
White blood cells are cultured and stained.
Red blood cells are cultured and stained.
51
What does it mean if a cancer is metastatic?
The cancer has spread to other parts of the body
The tumor is shrinking
The tumor is benign
The cancer is no longer active
52
In a lab experiment, cancer cells that had been rapidly dividing, slowed rate of division. What could account for this?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was added to the growth medium.
They began to become less anchorage-dependent
Inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was added
They became less responsive to density-dependent inhibition.
53
Which event precedes cell division in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
mating
duplication of DNA
mitosis
appearance of daughter cells
54
Which of the following are the most harmful types of alterations in chromosomal structure?
inversion
copying
deletion
translocation
55
Which event contributes to genetic variability during meiosis?
Random fertilization
Telophase
DNA transcription
Cytokinesis
56
Which of the following statements about cancer cells and the cell cycle is INCORRECT?
They stop dividing at random points in the cycle.
Cancer cells are immortal.
Cancer cells are fixed at the S stage.
Cancer cells can secrete their own growth factors.
57
What does independent assortment refer to in meiosis?
Random alignment of homologous chromosomes
DNA repair during meiosis
Separation of chromosomes in mitosis
Random mutation of genes
58
Answer the following
9/64
3/32
1/16
1/64
59
What characteristic of the Y chromosome makes it so useful for studying the evolution of the male human being?
It is a much smaller chromosome than the X chromosome.
It is the source of several X-linked human diseases.
It is a very small chromosome.
It passes virtually intact from father to son.
60
Sex cells in humans contain the __________ number of chromosomes, which is __________.
diploid; 23
haploid; 23
haploid; 46
haploid; 46
61
Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of
sex chromosomes.
homologous chromosomes.
gametes.
possible combinations of characteristics.
62
Which statement correctly describes the behavior of a tetrad during anaphase I of meiosis?
c
b
a
d
63
What is the effect of crossing over during meiosis?
Stops cell division
Doubles the chromosome number
Introduces new combinations of alleles
Reduces chromosome number
64
Answer the following
3/16
9/16
1/4
1/16
65
How can cancer cells spread through the body?
By entering the bloodstream or lymphatic system
Through the nervous system
By fusing with normal cells
By forming new blood vessels
66
If a chromosome fragment breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction,
It is known as the abnormality, deletion
It is known as the abnormality, reciprocal translocation
It is known as the abnormality, inversion
It is known as the abnormality, translocation
67
What is a correct statement regarding the relationship between the base sequences of DNA in two sister chromatids?
The sequences are unrelated.
The base sequences are similar, but not identical.
The base sequences are complementary.
The base sequences are identical.
68
Which drug used in chemotherapy prevents the mitotic spindle from breaking down?
Taxol
Chlorambucil
Methotrexate
Vinblastine
69
What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
They initiate cancer cell division
They reduce the cell’s ability to repair DNA
They allow cells to replicate DNA constantly
They ensure cells move through the cell cycle in response to growth factors
70
Which cells are typically haploid in humans?
Liver cells
Muscle cells
Red blood cells
Sperm and egg cells
71
Crossing over occurs in stage ___ of meiosis. It involves exchange of genetic information between 2 __ chromatids of ho
prophase I; sister
prophase I; nonsister
metaphase I; nonsister
metaphase I; sister
72
In a karyotype, how can you distinguish a trisomy from a chromosome duplication?
b
a
d
c
73
At the start of mitotic anaphase
the chromatid DNA replicates
nuclear envelopes begin to form around the chromosomes
equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the 2 poles
the centromeres of each chromosome come apart
74
The chromosomes created by crossing over are called __________ chromosomes.
chiasmata
combination
nondisjunctive
recombinant
75
Answer the following
The cells in both flasks A and B will have grown significantly.
The cells in both flasks A and B will have not grown at all.
Cells in flask A have grown significantly, cells in flask B haven't grown
Cells in flask B grown significantly, cells in flask A had no growth
76
The recessive phenotype results from the genotype __________.
zz
Zz
77
Answer the following
Brittany's parents are both homozygous for the trait.
Her father is heterozygous for the trait.
Her mother is heterozygous for the trait.
Either or both of her parents are heterozygous for the trait.

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