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Midterm Study Guide
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Fall 19 Intro to Soc
Flashcards
85 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
85
Answers
1
Which of the following has Aiko developed?
social intelligence
social identity
material culture
cultural capital
2
______ is a compensatory strategy for managing an invisible stigma.
increased positivity
individuating information
acknowledgement
signaling
3
Which of the following statements is true of the statistical approach on deviance?
Deviance is anything that is determined to be so by each culture.
Deviance is anything that has a low probability or likelihood.
Deviance is anything that would evoke disapproval from others.
Deviance is anything that is in violation of the law.
4
According to Emile Durkheim...
cyclone
ecosystem
organism
machine
5
Empirical statements ______.
allow us to make better decisions
can be proven true or false
express one's opinion
correct misconceptions
6
_____ are the types of social norms that sociologists use to identity acceptable behavior in a given culture.
Statistical, legalistic, and normative
Folkways, more, and laws
Behaviors, conditions, and beliefs
Relativist, absolutist, and conflict/critical
7
True or False?
False
True
8
In relation to childhood development, both George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley believed which of the following
Self-consciousness is learned through social interaction
Self-consciousness is present at birth but develops more in childhood
Self-consciousness is innate from birth
Self-consciousness is fostered during infancy
9
What is the difference between individual-level and structural-level theories of deviance?
structural level- focuses places, groups, or time periods
individual level- focuses on the micro level
10
Davon assumes all Asians are bad drivers. Such a belief describes a ______.
subculture
Stereotype
ethnocentrism
Trash human being
11
Term?
false consciousness
true consciousness
12
What are the unintended consequences of an institution?
latent functions
manifest functions
norms
nonmaterial culture
13
Who are the rich owners of the means of production?
Princess Bubblegum and crew
bourgeoisie
the bosses
proletariat
14
_______ is the most influential agent of socialization.
family
Education
society
friendship
15
What are the interactional rules that people use to guide an interaction?
social constructionalism
social scripts
16
What is the Legalistic Approach?
deviance defined as violation of the law
normative approach
17
What is impression management and why do we use it?
the mechanism individuals use to convincingly perform their social roles
the setting
18
Which of the following terms best describes multiple cultural groups that exist within a larger culture?
multiculturalism
subculture
popular culture
high culture
19
What are the technology and materials needed to produce products?
nurture
means of production
cultural capital
20
Conflict theorist would argue that the stigmatization of black men as “violent” is an example of _____.
value coercion
species being
social harmony
True consciousness
21
Which of the following exemplifies a cultural universal?
singing
playing cards
shaking hands
voting
22
What is false consciousness?
when the proletariat are aware of how they are being mistreated and misled
the proletariat are unaware of being misled & mistreated by the bourgeoisie
23
Before an important meeting...
in a team
front stage
with a prop
back stage
24
According to Karl Marx, the owner of a textile factory would be considered a member of which group?
The petite bourgeoisie
The proletariat
The bourgeoisie
The lumpenproletariat
25
This is an example of which deviance theory?
social control
general strain
social disorganization
self-control
26
According to Goffman, the “front” consists of setting, appearance, and ____.
nature
identity
situation
manner
27
What is solidarity derived from the similarity of its members?
organic solidarity
mechanical solidarity
28
Unlike nonmaterial culture, material culture includes _____.
symbols
language
artifacts
norms
29
Which concept
prejudice
species being
Area 51
alienation
30
Anomie is a state in which ______.
Deviant behaviors are no different from other social behaviors
Collective efficacy is necessary to maintain social structure
Specific types of tension lead to deviance and crime
Personal and societal standards of behavior fail to align with each other
31
In terms of the social construction of deviance, the transition from “badness” to “madness” is referred to as _____.
labeling
role engulfment
moral panic
the medical inaction of deviance
32
They are engaging in ___.
primary socialization
resocialization
socialization
gender socialization
33
The ___ and ____ perspectives of deviance are in opposition to each other.
Conflict/critical; normative
Relativist; normative
Relativist; absolutist
Absolutist; conflict/critical
34
Which of the following best describes the purpose of theoretical perspectives?
they assert that members of modern societies work together for the good...
they maintain the idea that manifest functions of social institutions...
they attempt to explain a particular aspect of a social structures
they share certain common ways of perceiving how a society functions.
35
What is organic solidarity?
turning an abstract concept into a concrete measure
solidarity where societies operate like a living organism, w/ various parts
36
The concept of ____ ...
social harmony
social order
manifest function
structural functionalism
37
What is this representative of?
agency
social identity
social intelligence
status
38
As kids recognize that they are distinct individuals w/ unique opinions, preferences, & habits, they develop a sense of
society
value
self
culture
39
____ is how...
labeling
gender roles
40
People use _____ to “define the situation”
appearance
front
settings
clues
41
______ is one’s capacity to understand social relationships and get along with others.
folkway
status
social intelligence
cultural capital
42
Which of the following best describes the culture of the elites?
counterculture
popular culture
subculture
high culture
43
Strain theory contends that three types of strain lead to deviance and crime: what are the three types?
failure to achieve positively valued goals (not getting what you want/need)
Presentation of negatively valued stimuli (being treated poorly by others)
removal of positively valued stimuli (losing something you value)
44
______ is a combination of the conflict perspective and the symbolic interactionalist perspective.
Symbolic interactionalism
Social constructionism
Structural functionalism
Primary socialization
45
____ is being in a state in which a society’s norms fail to regulate behavior.
anime
anomie
46
_______ relies on the logic that real consequences exist when people define situations as real.
secondary deviance
the Thomas theorem
Primary deviance
the medicalization of deviance
47
Which of the following?
A child pretends to text on a phone after seeing their parents do the same
When asking for something a kid learns to say “please” and “thank you”
A kid prefers the sibling w/ the same gender over the other of another gend
A child develops both a social identity and a self-identity
48
Callie exemplifies a ____.
moral entrepreneur
rule enforcer
rule creator
folk devil
49
What is the unique potential to imagine and then create what is imagined?
species being
presentation of self
50
white board
& Cake
Fiona
51
What is a closed organization in which the lives of a group of people follow a structured routine?
front
setting
total institution
agent of socialization
52
Individuals work to promote society’s interests instead of their own due to ____.
social solidarity
social harmony
public shame
theoretical perspective
53
Anomie is a state in which ______.
Deviant behaviors are no different from other social behaviors
Specific types of tension lead to deviance and crime
Personal and societal standards of behavior fall to align with each other
Collective efficacy is necessary to maintain social structure
54
________ is a subtype of the relativist perspective on deviance?
normative
Legalistic
conflict/critical
absolutist
55
A ______ has been tested and confirmed.
hypothesis
theory
variable
constant
56
Which of the following best describes the concept of role conflict?
The disagreement between an individual’s different social roles
Acknowledging the development of our own social roles
The assessment of others’ social roles compared to our own
Competing demands within a particular social role and status
57
_____ are rules of behavior for common and routine interactions or activities.
mores
folkways
values
norms
58
What perspective states that some behaviors, conditions, and beliefs are inherently, objectively deviant?
absolutist perspective
relativist perspective
59
Which of the following terms best describes what individuals do when they attempt to control how others evaluate them?
symbolic interactionism
Primary socialization
presentation of self
impression management
60
What is the macro level of analysis?
looks at overall social structures of society & large-scale societal forces
focuses on either an individual or small groups
61
The ______ perspective allows sociologists to examine the interactions between individuals in a small group.
social constructionist
structural functionalist
symbolic interactionist
conflict
62
How should they collect the necessary data for their study?
through ethnographic research
through participant observation
through field experiments
through comparative-historical research
63
_____ refers to the process of adapting to new social norms and values.
socialization
gender socialization
resocialization
primary socialization
64
Socialization contributes to _______ or the continuation of a society’s culture across generations.
role strain
role conflict
social interaction
social reproduction
65
Who are the lumpenproletariat?
the rich owners of the means of production
the workers, those who do not own the means of production
conscience constituents who are committed to the cause
the perpetually unemployed
66
Which of the following groups tend to ignore conflict and inequality within society?
Structural functionalist
Symbolic interactionalists
Conflict theorists
Sociologists
67
Which of the following statement is true of the general strain theory?
enforcement of conformity to norms thgh threat can lead to deviant behavior
The removal of positively valued stimuli can lead to deviant behavior.
Genetic traits predispose some individuals to engage in deviant behavior.
Deviant behaviors are no different from other social behaviors.
68
Which of the following terms is a compensatory strategy for the presentation of a false identity?
signaling
acknowledgement
Fabrication
concealment
69
Which is a tool for understanding how society operates?
norms
social institutions
Theories
theoretical perspectives
70
Which statement best describes the primary difference between a microscopic and a macroscopic level of analysis?
A microscopic level of analysis focuses on an individual or small groups
macroscopic level of analysis focuses on the larger societal forces at play
71
Faizan is being marginalized on the basis of his ____.
religion
economic status
race
educational status
72
Norms, values, beliefs, symbols, and language belong to which form of culture?
nonmaterial
socially constructed
material
generalized other
73
In Marx’s ______ stage of social development, all citizens would be equal and able to achieve species being.
10th
7th
12th
2nd
74
Which of the following agents of socialization do individuals have more access to now than ever before?
media
school
peers
family
75
What is this an example of?
dissonance
agency
status
counterculture
76
What neutralization strategy is Mira using?
denial of injury
condemning the condemner
denial of responsibility
denial of victim
77
Role strain is best described as the ______.
Disagreement between an individual’s different social roles
Assessment of others’ social roles compared to one’s own
Acknowledge of one’s own social roles
Conflict of demands within a particular social role and status
78
theory
symbolic interactionalism
conflict theory
79
What is it when....
value coercion
Communism
80
What theory asserts that deviant and criminal behaviors are developed no differently than other social behaviors.
learning theory
general strain theory
81
What neutralization strategy is Irving using?
Condemning the condemner
Denial of injury
Denial of responsibility
Denial of the victim
82
What is it called when...
appeal to higher loyalties
compensatory stategies
83
Qualitative analysis is to ______ as quantitative analysis is to numbers.
observations
images
words
codes
84
______ represents how others characterize us, whereas _____ represents our own understanding of who we are.
self-identity; social identity
social identity; self-identity
nurture; nature
nature; nurture
85
What are material objects in symbolic interactionalism?
props
smiles
