Quiz Bowl Terms

held that testimony in the form of a victim impact statement is admissible during the sentencing phase of a trial

a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, for use as evidence in court

The Court ruled that ___ was entitled to Fourth Amendment protection for his conversations

What does the theory of positivism study?

a code of silence among police officers where officers refuse to testify against corrupt officers

action or conduct which is a constituent element of a crime

the Due Process clause protect the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt

official efforts to control crime often have the effect of increasing crime

when a defendant enters into a plea bargain, they waive their Sixth Amendment right to a trial by jury.

The means of acting on ones own authority and judgement

dismissal of jurors w/o stating a valid cause for doing so may not be used to exclude jurors based solely on their race

Bail is the amount of money defendants must post to be released from custody until their trial

violation of the 4th Amendment's protection against unreasonable search and seizure could not be used against people

challenge for cause- A challenge that aims to disqualify a potential juror for some stated reason

venire facias has to do with

Criminology-The study of crime, interdisciplinary field in both behavior and social sciences

"guilty mind"

What is plea bargaining?

Constitutional law is a body of law which does not define the role, powers, and structure within a state

a plea in a criminal prosecution accepts conviction as though a guilty plea had been entered but does not admit guilt

invalidated all death penalty schemes in the United States in a 5–4 decision

no constitutional barriers in place to prevent a judge from accepting a plea from a defendant who wants to plead guilty

Court found that the Juvenile Court proceedings for a fifteen-year-old did not comply with the requirements of 14th amdt

ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their right to an attorney

Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact

social process theories refer to why people engage in criminal acts

a formal reading of a criminal charging document , to inform them of the charges against them

held for individuals who have committed a criminal act while on parole or while delinquent on parole

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court

"Wrong because it is prohibited"

A Plain View Doctrine allows an officer to perform search and seizure through authority of a warrant

overturned a per se rule imposed by the FL Supreme Court that held consensual searches of passengers on buses

defendant has constitutional right to relief when the state breaches a promise made to him in return for a guilty plea

federal courts have jurisdiction to consider challenges to the legality of the detention of foreign nationals

strain theory states

practice in which a law enforcement agent(s) of the state induces a person to commit "crime" that the person would have

that it is unconstitutional to impose the death penalty for a crime committed by a child under the age of 18

rebuttal is fully agreeing with, and backing up, the opposing side

The Court emphasized the importance of warrants and probable cause as necessary bulwarks against government abuse.

"wrong or evil in itself"

Police cynicism is the distrust of human nature, they expect the worst

A form that must be completed by a defendant who pleads guilty to indicate that the plea was entered voluntarily

"Parent of the nation"

a defendant's or lawyer's objection to a proposed juror, made without needing to give a reason

requirement that the Miranda warning be read to criminal suspects and struck down a federal statute

rule of four refers to

the Supreme Court consolidated multiple juvenile justice cases to address the right to a trial by jury in juvenile court

the amount of unreported or undiscovered crime

States that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior, and civil disorder that encourages further crime

"voir dire" translates to

use of the death penalty in the United States, upholding, in particular, the death sentence imposed on Troy Leon G

materials introduced into evidence in the prosecution were seized during an illegal search of her residence

argues that criminal sanctions should be commensurate with the seriousness of the offense

utilitarianism justifies an action for the greater good

information received from other people that one cannot adequately substantiate; rumor.

the body of English law as adopted and modified separately by the different states of the US and by the federal govt.

The principle that a crime must be proved to have occurred before a person can be convicted of committing that crime

laws authorizing police use of deadly force fleeing, unarmed, non-violent felony suspects violate the 4th amendment

Their criminal behavior is reinforced and they learn beliefs that are favorable to crime

suggests that conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime

public school administrators can search a student's belongings if they have a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity

criminals chose whether to commit criminal acts, and these theories include rational choice, routine activities, etc.

4th Amend does not prohibit the warrantless search and seizure of garbage left outside the curtilage of a home