Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...

Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour

Stength of statistical infrequency

The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point

What was found in Tan's autopsy?

A lesion is the left frontal lobe

Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?

Childbirth purposes such as lactation

Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?

Maldaptive behaviour, Violation of moral standards, Suffering

Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?

It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all

What was Bedlam known for?

Ill-treatment of the mentally ill

Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics

Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress

Identification is public and private agreement?

Yes but only short term, While you are around the group influencing your views

What happens to chemical messages?

They fire too quickly or too easily

Strengths of Zimbardo study

prisoners and guards randomly allocated

Recieve messages from sensory neurons, Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord

How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?

How they may act in day to day life

A sub group that cant express their anger normally

Mead's theory is criticised for...

Being subjective to researcher bias

What are the three types of biological rhythms?

Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian

behavioural characteristics of OCD

repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions

The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...

The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour

Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory

Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason

What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?

An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter

Why was this study accused of researcher bias?

Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results

Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?

Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time, Digit span and verbal reasoning

According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?

Under no circumstances will they develop the condition

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Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology

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Questions 610

Answers

1
The evidence for family therapy is strong
False
True
2
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
True
False
3
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
They could be identified using their characteristics
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
All of the above
4
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
Rats rejected testosterone
No difference was found
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
5
Stength of statistical infrequency
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
6
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
Cut corpus callosum
Damage to the brain
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
7
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
False
True
8
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
False
True
9
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
10
What animal did skinner use?
cats
NUGGETS
rats
Dogs
11
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
False
True
12
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
Maldaptive behaviour
predictability
Violation of moral standards
Suffering
13
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
A meeting may be emotional
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
14
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
False
True
15
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
True
False
16
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Plasticity
Localisation
17
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
13%
15%
17%
20%
18
What was Bedlam known for?
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
Better drug treatments
Good treatment of the mentally ill
More facilities that anywhere else
19
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
20
Identification is public and private agreement?
Yes but only short term
While you are around the group influencing your views
No
yes, forever
21
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They don't fire easily enough
They fire too slowly
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
22
Strengths of Zimbardo study
Very ethical
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Zimbardo both observed and partook
Lack of replication
23
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
False
True
24
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Weak, denial and over-harsh
Weak, deviant, over-soft
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
25
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
True
False
26
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
True
False
27
Relay neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
28
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
There are ethical issues
There is passive token learning
Little rehabilitative value
Easy to implement
29
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Mechanical determinism
Cognitive reductionism
Biological determinism
Biological reductionism
30
The fight or flight response is within the
CNS
ANS
SNS
PNS
31
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
True
False
32
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 10% due to chance
Findings are 1% due to chance
Findings are 100% due to chance
33
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
How they may act in day to day life
Whether they will offend again
How old they are
Where thety are from
34
Megargee found what?
A very angry group of individuals
A group that are incapable of showing anger
A group that express anger easily
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
35
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
There is also evidence for environmental factors
All of the above
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
36
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Being subjective to researcher bias
Containing ethical issues
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
37
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
Britain
China
Japan
Mexico
38
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
39
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
None of the above
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
40
behavioural characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
41
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
False
True
42
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
Demand characteristics from those studied
Poor external validity
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
43
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
False
True
44
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
They are deterministic
45
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
46
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Lacks internal validity
Other researchers were jealous
Findings were quantitative data only
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
47
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Right visual field
Left visual field
48
What is a weakness neural correlates
All of the above
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
No cause and effect
Lewis found no significant link
49
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
Digit span and verbal reasoning
Nuggets
50
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Safety
Biological and physiological
Love
Esteem
51
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
They will implode
It depends on the amount of stress
They will still develop the condtion
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
52
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Nurture
Nature
Neither
Both
53
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Cognitive
Behaviourism
Biological
Psychodynamic
54
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
Failure to perform everyday functions
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
No change
Inability to move
55
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
70-90 minutes
120-180 minutes
5 minutes
10-15 minutes
56
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
True
False
57
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
The envionment causes schizophrenia
58
What is an infradian rhythm?
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
A rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
59
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
False
True
60
Name a practical application made from this study
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
All of the above
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
61
Which of the following is a strength?
Over simplistic
None of the above
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
62
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
False
True
63
What is meant by Free will?
All behaviour is determined
You are reduced to genes or the environment
Not all behaviour is determined
Personal agency
64
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
Reductions in reoffending rates
There was no difference in reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
Increase of reoffending rates
65
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Back of the hands
Back of the neck
Eyes
Back of the knees
66
What does chlorpromazine do?
Blocks pre synaptic sites
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
Things and stuff
Nothing
67
The biological approach is reductionist
True
False
68
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
69
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
True
False
70
Outline the typical male stereotype
Commitment phobic
Loves shopping
Solves argument with silent treatment
Takes care of children
71
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Long duration
Limited capacity
Unlimited capacity
Short duration
72
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Deception issues
Lacks internal validity
Cultural bias
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
73
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
Ethical issues with children
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
74
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
PET and MRI scans
They haven't been recognised
Post mortems and PET scans
Post mortems and MRI scans
75
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
True
False
76
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
Self
future
Doggos
world
77
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Quantitative data
Qualitative data
Ominous data
Numinous data
78
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
No one would give the 450V shock
79
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
set up to a shock generator
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
Stanford uni mock prison
80
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
True
False
81
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
True
False
82
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the victim
Analysis of the time
Analysis of the loaction
83
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
All of the above
Milgram lad
Zimbardo
Ash
84
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
There was a warm and complacent father
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
There was a warm and complacent mother
85
Distortion of action
Believe they are seeing it wrong
Conform to avoid being different
ISI
NSI
86
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
87
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Being unable to do anything
Not being able to control what we are doing
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
Disorganised speech and thoughts
88
What is a Genotype
Environmental factors
Personality
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
89
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Shortened sentence
Prison
Saying sorry
Financial restitution
90
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
True
False
91
Miller findings...
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
All of the above
92
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
93
What are victim surveys?
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
Offenders tell what they have done to others
People share what they have witnessed
All of the above
94
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The side effects of typical drugs
The side effects of atypical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
95
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
96
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
More likely to lead to permanant change
They are expensive to run
Acknowledges that offending is complex
97
What were children lacking in these institutions?
Nuggets and cheese
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
The ability to form multiple attachments
98
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
99
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Auditory
Visual
100
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
True
False
101
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
Raise ethical issues for consent
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
102
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
False
True
103
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
A continuous cycle
104
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
It is falsifiable
Much of the subject matter is observable
It uses scientific methods
Much of the subject matter is not observable
105
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
True
False
106
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
True
False
107
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
There were no abnormalities
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
108
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
True
False
109
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
Studies are reliable
Could be due to demand characteristics
It is reductionist
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
110
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
There was no difference in the cortex size
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
111
Public agreement, private disagreement?
identification
Normative
Compliance
Internalisation
112
Strength of failure to function adequately
This definition is focused on the individual
Everyday life varies
Measurable
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
113
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Inferences
Hypothesis
Schemas
Decisions
114
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
False
True
115
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Bowlby
Ainsworth
Schaffer and Emerson
Isabelle et al
116
Why was Risperidone developed?
To battle different symptoms
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
All of the above
117
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Rutter and Soneua
Lucas et al
Rutter
Bowlby and Bailey
118
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
True
False
119
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
True
False
120
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
False
True
121
What is restorative justice?
Criminals making amends
Prison
Punishment
Community service
122
When is CBT not effective?
When the patient has a good understanding
When the patients condition is too severe
When the patient has a clear insight
When it is alongside drig treatments
123
What is an overt observation?
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When participants are aware they are being observed
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
124
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Logic, analysis and problem solving
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
125
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
Schemas
Working internal model
Internal working model
External cognitive model
126
How many participants were there in asch's study?
1
8
9
7
127
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
Gave no tokens
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
128
Intersex refers to...
Children born without male hormones
People with increased testosterone
Children born with male and female hormones
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
129
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
False
True
130
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
False
True
131
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
All of the above
Short statue
Higher than average verbal ability
Failed to develop ovaries
132
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
True
False
133
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
False
True
134
What else did Sperry look at?
Plasticity of brain functions
Damage to brain functions
Lateralisation of brain functions
Areas where functions are performed
135
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
True
False
136
What else were the participants able to do?
Hear the objects
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
Smell the objects
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
137
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
False
True
138
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
44 juvenile thieves
44 Chicken nugget thieves
40 juvenile thugs
44 affection less psychopaths
139
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Limited reading skills
Speech to be slow and laborious
Speech to be incoherent
140
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
In some people anger is quick to surface
Some people are very angry
Anger is bad
Anger management is effective
141
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latent stage
Oral stage
142
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division
143
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
Figures are difference anywhere
All crime is recorded the same
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
Some crimes aren't reported
144
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Vision
Our awareness or consciousness
Auditiory processing and memory
Sensory and motor movements
145
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
146
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Draganski
Maguire
Sperry
Mechelli
147
What gland releases ACTH?
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
148
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
False
True
149
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Evolutionary principle
Classical Conditioning
Biological explanation
Operant Conditioning
150
What is the dark figure of crime?
Crimes that go unreported
Petty crimes
All crimes
More serious crimes
151
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Russell
Adams
152
What did Gupta's study show?
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
153
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
False
True
154
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They percieved them as friendly
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They percieved them as confused and afraid
They could not suggest an emotion
155
What is declarative memory?
Knowing how
Events
Facts and knowledge
Knowing that
156
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
It does not take other theories into consideration
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
It only supports the nurture debate
It rejects the idea of free will
157
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
Study tested LTM
One group Recalled after 2 days.
158
There was 28 trials overall
True
False
159
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
101,000
110,000
100,000
10,000
160
Scientific laws are generalisable
True
False
161
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
True
False
162
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Little Albert
Little Hans
Bruce Reimer
Clive wearing
163
What does this suggest?
Different causes
The same cause
No cause
They are different conditions
164
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
False
True
165
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Proximity
Separation anxiety
Deprivation
Privation
166
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
Decreased cost
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
Reduced post traumatic stress
All of the above
167
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
acoustic, limited, short
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
168
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
False
True
169
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
True
False
170
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
Lil albert
lil John
lil pete
Lil Trevor
171
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
172
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
True
False
173
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
True
False
174
What is offender profiling?
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
175
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They lived in a circle of their offences
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived extremely close to their crimes
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
176
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Does not rely on the use of radiation
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
177
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Mental processes
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
Mental processes that can be directly observed
178
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
4/5
2/3
2/4
4/6
179
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
False
True
180
Who did Heston study?
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
181
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
Already produced quantitative data
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
Re-occuring themes within the data
182
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
False
True
183
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
There was no difference
Combination showed higher symptom levels
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
184
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
Selecting participants who are available at the time
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
185
What is EWT?
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
Free recall
Unstructured interviews
186
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
12 weeks
1 year
6 weeks
Straight away
187
Aim of Asch's study?
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
Look into obedience
Look into compliance vs identification
Line study
188
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
189
What is brain plasticity?
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
190
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
191
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
True
False
192
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
True
False
193
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Visual and auditory
Sensory
Visual and tactile
Auditory and tactile
194
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
75% conformed at least once
Distortion of perception
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
Distortion of hearing
195
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
All of the above
Small sample sizes
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
196
What is recidivism
Token ecomony
Refers to reoffending
Not reoffending
Prison capacity
197
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His Wernickes area was damaged
His personality remained the same
His personality drastically changed
His Broca's area was damaged
198
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
True
False
199
What clues may be used for recognition
All of the above
The time
The choice of victim
The location
200
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
True
False
201
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
35%
95%
45%
15%
202
Desire to Be liked?
NSI
ISI
203
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
Under represent certain crimes
Do not include victimless crimes
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
They can assess attitude towards crime
204
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
205
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
Plan the crime
Socially inadequate
First/last born
Frightened/confused at the time
206
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
None of the above
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
207
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Triggers the flight or flight response
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
Releases adrenaline
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
208
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
48%
49%
50%
30%
209
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
False
True
210
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
Falslse
True
211
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Their environments were too different
Can not tell how different their environments were
Their envirnments were the same
They would have had the same prenatal environment
212
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
False
True
213
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Importance of the experience of the individual
Negative view of human nature
Animal studies are helpful
Rejection of scientific method
214
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
True
False
215
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
There were no side effectives
The side effects were the same
216
What are hormones?
Chemical substances
Inherited genes
receptors
Non of these
217
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
There was no difference in relapse rates
218
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Flooding
Exposure
Anxiety Hierarchy
Relaxation
219
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
wants
achievements
potential
needs
220
The criminal personality is
PN
PP
EN
EP
221
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
222
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
There was no difference
223
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
False
True
224
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Further away from the mean
Closer to the mean
Exactly the same as the mean
Non of the above
225
Sperry concluded what from his research?
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
All of the above
226
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
All of the above
It's time consuming
Patients are often less willing to try new things
227
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Genes and chromosomes
Internal mental processes
Schemas
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
228
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
229
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
Ppts recalled digits in any order
230
Gilroy Aim
Half also given desensitisation
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
75% successful treatment
Half given relaxation
231
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
1%
4%
8%
2%
232
The axon of the neuron
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
Contains the genetic material of the cell
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
233
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
40-60%
11-18%
60-80%
6-8%
234
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
True
False
235
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
Patients become dependant on a therapies
236
Outline the female stereotype role
All of the above
Child carer
Poor drivers
Loves shopping
237
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
Less likely to guess at words
They have the same meaning
They sound the same
Easier to distinguish words from each other
238
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
True
False
239
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
False
True
240
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
True
False
241
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
242
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
18 critical trials carried out
They compared comparison lines to a target line
The participant usually went last
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
243
What is an internal mental process?
The way you are feeling
Internal workings of the mind that process information
External cues
The way we interact with the environment
244
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
245
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
Community orders, fines, discharges
246
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Central executive
Episodic buffer
Processor
Phonological loop
247
It did not help to develop CBT
False
True
248
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
True
False
249
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
True
False
250
In which case did offender profiling fail?
Ted Bundy
Rachel Nickell
John Duffy
Adrian Babb
251
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Soft determinism
Minimum determinism
Hard determinism
Biological determinism
252
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
True
False
253
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
True
False
254
A phobia is an adaptive fear
True
False
255
The pineal gland releases serotonin
False
True
256
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
False
True
257
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
True
False
258
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
False
True
259
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
True
False
260
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
They have excellent temporal resolution
In order to work, there can be no background noise
261
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
0.05
0.01
0.02
00.5
262
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
True
False
263
What is the restorative justice council
Civilians
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
A group of judges
264
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
265
Motor neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
266
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Bailey et al
Schaffer and Emerson
Milgram lad
Loftus and Palmer
267
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Studies often lack internal validity
Demand characteristics from participants
The lack of qualitative data
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
268
Limitation of humanism
Free Will
Limited application
Hollistic
Positive image of the human condition
269
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
True
False
270
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
To bring us back into the conscious mind
271
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
False
True
272
The biological approach is deterministic
True
False
273
Official stats and other measures add up
True
False
274
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Insecure resistant children
Deprived children
Securely attached children
Avoidant insecure children
275
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
True
False
276
Piling found what?
Family therapy had no effect on remission
It was difficult to improve compliance
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
277
The sensory neurons
Are found in our visual system
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
278
The interactionist approach is reductionist
True
False
279
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
True
False
280
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
Words are stored separately
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
Words are distinguishable
The words sound more alike
281
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Has extremely high temporal resolution
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
282
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant reported seeing nothing
The participant could describe the object
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
The participant could name the object
283
Bem carried out a study into...
Gender neutral children
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
50 transgender children under the age of 15
Intersex twins
284
Which is not a mediational process?
Retention
Motivation
Repoductted
Attention
285
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
The CNS and ANS
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
It's not divided
The ANS and SNS
286
What is operant conditioning
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
287
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
Influence of demand characteristics
Good practical applications
Deterministic
No supporting evidence
288
What is a Phenotype
Personality
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
Environmental factors
289
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
There was no difference at all
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
290
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
True
False
291
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
True
False
292
The theory shows gender bias
False
True
293
What do neural correlations suggest?
People with APD show normal APD patterns
None of the above
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
294
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
16% failed to recover after 12 months
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
295
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
False
True
296
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
False
True
297
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
False
True
298
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Stern and McClintock
Adams
Russell
299
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
Smashed and contacted
Smashed and crashed
smashed and bumped
Smashed and hit
300
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Identical twins reared together
Non identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared apart
301
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
True
False
302
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
Pearson's
Chi- squared
Spearman's Rho
All of the above
303
Identify the male sex chromosomes
XY
XX
XYY
YX
304
Schemas can hinder new information
False
True
305
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Skinner
Freud
Green
Kholberg
306
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
None
Just dopamine
Serotonin and dopamine
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
307
Duration of STM
Two minutes to forever
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
Two minutes to 80 years
One minute to forever
308
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
Men produce less testosterone
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
Men receive more oestrogen
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
309
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
False
True
310
Distortion of judgement
People who lack self confidence
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
Didnt understand the task
311
What is metarepresentation?
All of th above
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
The way people react to stimuli
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
312
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
False
True
313
Inhibition is
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
314
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
True
False
315
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
316
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Both groups
Children who observed a non aggressive model
Children who observed an aggressive model
Neither
317
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
True
False
318
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
319
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is aused by genes
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
It is caused by the family
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
320
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Uses objective and observable techniques
Led to the development of drug treatments
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
321
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
There was no difference
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
322
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
True
False
323
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
Nature
It all comes back to nuggets
Nurture
Neither
324
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test LTM capacity
Test STM duration
Test LTM duration
Test STM capacity
325
What did Read suggest?
Early and severe trauma has no effect
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
326
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
True
False
327
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
True
False
328
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Environmental
Nuggets
Biological
Psychic
329
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
True
False
330
What are four categories of defining crime?
Historical, country, politics, intent
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
Historical, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, reason
331
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
332
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Matthews
Meed
Mead
Martin
333
What is a leading question?
A question ppts interpret wrong
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
334
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
PET
fMRI
ERP
EEG
335
Police record crimes differently
False
True
336
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
Family had no effect
It was purely biologcal
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
337
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
secure - avoidant attachment
insecure - secure attachment
secure attachment
secure - resistent attachment
338
Findings of Baddeley
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
339
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
25 hours
23 hours
20 hours
18 hours
340
Findings not from Milgram
3 had seizures
65% went to 450v
100% went to 300v
6% sent to 400v
341
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
True
False
342
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Major personality changes
Lethargy
Eplilepsy
Better physical health
343
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
344
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Reduced demand characteristics
Increases face validity of study
More ecological validity
Ethical issues of deception
345
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
All three
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
Social learning ward - token economy
The control ward - drug treatment
346
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
All of the above
There is a cultural bias
347
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
348
Milgram initial study aim?
To look into the context of obedience
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
See how state effects obedience
349
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
SQUAD
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
There was no change
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
350
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
True
False
351
There were 12 critical trials?
False
True
352
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Cultural limitations
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
353
Limitation of behavioural approach
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
Free Will
Reductionist
Scientific methods
354
What did Sensky find?
Neitehr were effective
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
355
The central nervous system includes
Tendons
Organs
Muscles
The brain and spinal cord
356
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
Organised and disorganised classification worked
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
357
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
YXX
XO
XXY
XXX
358
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
Hospitals
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
Large asylums
Home
359
Humanistic Approach is...
Holistic
Reductionist
Nomothetic
Idiographic
360
Identify the main female hormone
Oeastragon
Oestrogen
Testosterone
Adrenaline
361
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Neither were important
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
362
What is misleading information?
All of the above
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
Post event discussion
Leading questions
363
What is a schema?
Unshared opinions
Environmental factors
Ideas formed by others
Mental or cognitive framework
364
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
2
12
6
9
365
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
True
False
366
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
Law of deprivation and privation
Law of evolution and cargiverness
Law of nature an nurture
367
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was no change
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
368
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
Reformation of blood vessels
The equivalent area takes on its functions
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
369
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
True
False
370
What animal did Pavlov use?
Dogs
Rats
Horses
Birds
371
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital skews
372
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Right
Left
373
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
False
True
374
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
375
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
80% said it was useful
3% of the time they could identify the offender
14% said it assisted solving cases
All of the above
376
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 1
Stage 5
Stage 4
Stage 3
377
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
True
False
378
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
False
True
379
What didn't Houston find?
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
Genes were the main factor
There were no specific vulnerabilities
All of the above
380
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
ID
Ultra-ego
Superego
Ego
381
What are the key feature of the process
All of the above
Not restricted to court rooms
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
382
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Triggers the fight or flight response
Produces male sex hormones
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
383
What Units is STM measured in?
Seconds
Second and minutes
Hours
Minutes
384
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
False
True
385
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
All of the above
To find where crime is more common
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
386
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
False
True
387
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Neglected their young
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
Unskilled at mating
Gained increased cognitive abilities
388
Humanism believes in...
Free will
Determinism
389
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
False
True
390
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
False
True
391
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
Lack of deviation from social norms
failure to function adequately
Statistical frequency
392
The biological approach supports
Nurture
Nature
393
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Maguire
Mechelli
Sperry
Draganski
394
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
A fatal blood disease
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
Excessive weight gain
Tardive dyskinesia
395
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
True
False
396
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Increased body hair
Webbed neck
Reduced breast growth
Under developed genitals
397
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Both were needed to be criminal
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
Neither had an effect
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
398
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
399
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
400
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
401
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
402
What may restorative justice involve?
Offences like anti social behaviour
Must volunteer to use the approach
May involve the victim and offender meeting
All of the above
403
Procedural memory example?
Riding a bike
Knowing the capital of England is London
Personal memories of events
404
What are the different types of experimental methods?
Lab, field, natural and quasi
NUGGETS
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
405
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Obedience
Conformity to social roles
Conformity to an authority figure
Conformity
406
What is the three stages of anger management
All the above
Application practice
Skill acquisition
Cognitive preparation
407
NICE does not recommend art therapy
False
True
408
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
409
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
True
False
410
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
370 patients to 113 controls
113 patients to 370 controls
411
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
8-9 months
6-8 months
2- 10 months
From birth to 3 months
412
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
They are not reliable, people may lie
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
They show victimless crimes
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
413
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
There was no significant difference
Neither of the drugs were effective
Typical drugs were more effective
Atypical drugs were more effective
414
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
All of the above
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
415
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Conscious mind
Sub-conscious mind
Uncontinuous mind
Unconscious mind
416
What does an EEG allow?
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
Detect which areas of the brain are active
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
417
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
Sleep stages
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
SAD
418
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nurture
Neither
Nature
Both
419
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
True
False
420
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
421
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
422
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
100% MZ and 50% DZ
50% MZ and 36% DZ
77% MZ and 12% DZ
83% MZ and 8% DZ
423
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
424
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Set up a prison in Stanford university
Advertised in the newspaper
Drew fixed lots
Introduced to Mr Wallace
425
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
True
False
426
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They keep information apart
They do not help
They form all of our ideas
They help us to interpret and organise information
427
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Harlow
Pavlov
Lorenz
Milgram lad
428
What is a paradigm?
Assumptions
A shared set of assumptions
Facts of behaviour
A set of assumptions that are not shared
429
What is the top down approach?
Analysis of the location
None of the above
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
Analysis just of the victim
430
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
All three
Social learning and milieu
Social learning and control
Control and milieu
431
Negative Reinforcement is?
You avoid something unpleasant
Negative consequence to behaviour
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
432
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
When a child can form multiple attachments
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
433
What did the Tan case study show?
Different areas can peform the same function
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
That there was no Broca's area
434
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
True
False
Literally everything psychology is lol
435
Excitation is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
436
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
True
False
437
What does a deterministic view show?
Holistic view
Cause and effect
More than one view
Some other psychological term
438
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
Historically led to parent blaming
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
439
Jacob found...
Average span 7-9
Average span of 5-9
440
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
All of the above
All behaviour has a physical cause
441
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
It has too many methods to compare
All of the assumptions are shared
Too broad
442
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Objective observable behaviour
Objective non observable behaviour
Subjective non observable behaviour
Subjective observable behaviour
443
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
False
True
444
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
False
True
445
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
None of the above
It included scientific racism
Being rejected by society may be the cause
Poverty could be the actual cause
446
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
He was caught at the scene
Forensic evidence
Because of how he treated his victims
All of the above
447
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
448
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
7
0
19
4
449
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
12 out of 12
10 out of 12
7 out of 12
4 out of 12
450
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
False
True
451
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
Cognitive behavioural therapy
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
452
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
False
True
453
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
454
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
455
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Bruce Reimer
Brad Riener
Berlinda Reimer
Brenda Ruemer
456
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
457
What technique is not used in CBT
Question where the voices have originated from
Setting homework
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
Positive self-talk
458
The Synapse is
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Where the genetic material is contained
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
459
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
460
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
True
False
461
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
False
True
462
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
False
True
463
What are roles conditions of worth?
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
464
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
465
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
True
False
466
An fMRI scan is
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
The brain is ananlysed after death
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
467
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
They become less effective
Drug development
They were too dangerous
They didn't
468
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Augmentation principle
Consistency
Snowball effect
SocIAL CHANGE
469
Cocurrent validity is when...
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
When results are not consistent over time to society
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
470
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Motivated by pleasure principle
The morality principle and is part of the ego
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
471
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
False
True
472
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
False
True
473
Mixed results have been found
False
True
474
Offenders were said to be patient
False
True
475
The three levels of moral reasoning are
Post-conventional reasoning
Conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
All of the above
476
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
477
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
He was a wizard
There was no change in his thoughts
He did in fact have powers
He did not in fact have powers
478
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
479
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
88 common thinking patterns were found
2 common thinking patterns were found
No common thinking patterns were found
480
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Poor reliability
Lack of right to withdraw
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
481
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
True
False
482
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Both
Nurture
Nature
483
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Family was irrelevant
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
484
What was Broca's famous case study?
Ton
Ten
Tin
Tan
485
What did Godwin and Canter find?
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
486
Classification is not simplistic
False
True
487
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
False
True
488
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
More active
Psychologically healthier
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
More able to consume more nuggets
489
Repression is the act of...
Displacing a memory
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
Denying an unpleasant memory
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
490
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
They do not treat positive symptoms
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
They are time consuming
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
491
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
Delinquent behaviour was low
All of the above
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
492
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
All of the above
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
493
Miles research supports biological rhythms
False
True
494
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
Positive approach looking at what to add
A person may be happy with their situation
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
495
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
False
True
496
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Activating event
Dog
Consequences
Belief
497
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
True
False
498
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
499
The original model saw genes as the major source
True
False
500
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Information processing
Cognitive functions
Influences
Memory
501
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Nature
Neither
Both
502
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
False
True
503
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
True
False
504
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
False
True
505
Post even discussion is...?
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
When there's more than one witness at an event
506
What details can be matched on a database?
Personal history and family background
Location, place of birth
Age and sex
All of the above
507
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
False
True
508
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
True
False
509
An advantage of the mean is that..
It is more representative for entire sets of data
It is easily distorted with extreme values
Is extremely time consuming
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
510
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
80
24
110
11
511
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
False
True
512
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
False
True
513
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Indiscriminate
Synchronised
Symmetrical
514
Strength MSM
Evidence for brain scanning
Over simplified
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
Primary recency effect provides evidence
515
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
Promity
Distance
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
516
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Low school attendance and good parenting
Low school achievement+poor parenting
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Good parenting and high school achievement
517
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
True
False
518
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
True
False
519
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
Adrian Babb
John Duffy
None of the above
Ted Bundy
520
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
True
False
521
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling
522
Which of these is true of STM
Sometimes called working memory
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Also called Episodic buffer
Rehearsal is not very important
523
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
All children must go through the electra complex
524
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
525
What dies EPI stand for
Eysenck Personality Investigation
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
Eysenck Person Inventory
Eysenck Personality Inventory
526
What is central control?
Affects our ability to speak
Affects our ability to move
None of the above
Our ability to supress automatic responses
527
What is an inference?
Decisions
Hypothesis
Conclusions on observed processes
Conclusions about non observed processes
528
What is meant by the term sex?
The biological similarities between the two sexes
The biological differences between men and women
The mental characteristics of two genders
The psychological differences between men and women
529
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Ethnocentric
Emic constructs
Imposed etic
Co-morbidity
530
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
True
False
531
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Reading and writing skills
Memory
Multitasking
Long distance sight
532
What does parsimonious mean?
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
Not making any assumptions
Using only assumptions
533
Brown et al Aim
This did happen
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
534
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
False
True
535
What is a hypothesis
What the study is about
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
The procedure
The aim of the study
536
What a marital schism?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
537
Behavioural categories need to be...
Spread out evenly
Operationalised
Time sampled
Known to the participant to reduced deception
538
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Instability
Psychoticism
Stability
Introversion
539
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Psychological treatment
Drugs
540
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
True
False
541
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
True
False
542
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
All of the above
There was no cause
543
Not Stages of flooding
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
Initially destressed and anxious
Crying probs lol
Immediate exposure
544
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
All of the above
One was a non treatment control
One took part in anger mangement
One took part in anger management
545
A neurotransmitter is
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
A tiny gap between neurons
Tiny sacks
546
What are offender surveys?
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
Victims reveal what has happened to them
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
547
Strengths deviation from social norms
Easy to look at and diagnose
Social norms are culturally specific
Social norms change over time
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
548
What is geographical profiling
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
Information about crime scenes
All information
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
549
Findings not from Zimbardo
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
6 day study instead of 14
450v
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
550
Reasons to resist conforming
Willpower
Cats
Locus of control
Social support
551
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
Schema's can be inherited from parents
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
552
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Senses, limited, less than a second
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
553
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
Internal processes are not effected by schema
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
554
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
False
True
555
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
556
Desire to be right
NSI
ISI
557
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
The effect of leading questions on memory
558
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
A smaller sample needed
559
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
Working memory model
External working model
Innate working model
Internal working model
560
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
Covers all areas needed
It's completely unscientific
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
561
a reason for obedience?
Compliance
Informational social influence
Normative social influence
Agentic state
562
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
False
True
563
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
False
True
564
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were able to provide a lot of information
They were little more than common sense
They were detailed
They were bad
565
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
True
False
566
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
Patients may become dependent on drugs
All of the above
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
567
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
False
True
568
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Bailey et al
Harlow
Lorenz
Schaffer and Emerson
569
What are the two types of offender?
Tidy and disorganised
Tidy and messy
Organised and messy
Organised and disorganised
570
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Covers tracks
Lives alone
Skilled job
Leaves fewer clues
571
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
Learning is too complex to be localised
No area was more important than another in navigation
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
All of the above
572
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Using local times for bedtimes
Using local time s for meal times
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Nothing
573
It is based on outdated theories of personality
False
True
574
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
Madagascar
Germany
Narnia
China
575
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
576
What is a marital skew?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
577
Behaviourist strengths
Lab experiment so lots of control
Stimulus/response reductionism
Studies only done on animals
Deterministic as it ignores biology
578
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
Yaaaas
No
579
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Haloperidol
Clozapine
Chloropromazine
Risperidone
580
The US topologies are based in small samples
False
True
581
What is the difference between sex and gender?
They mean the same thing
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
582
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
True
False
583
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Speech is fluent but incoherent
Slow speech
All of the above
Speech does make sense
584
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
False
True
585
Distortion of perception Asch?
Believed the majority was correct
Couldn't see properly
Mandela effect
Didnt know what to do
586
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
Bullshite
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
587
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
False
True
588
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
False
True
589
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
True
False
590
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Researcher bias
Demand characteristics
Ethical issues
Misinterpreted information
591
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
True
False
592
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
2
3
0
1
593
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Demand characteristics
Cannot be generalised to humans
Ethical issues
Lacks ecological validity
594
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
China
Israel
Germany
Britain
595
What did Kavanagh find?
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
596
There are problems with adoption studies
True
False
597
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
598
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
599
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
True
False
600
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
Post mortem
MRI
EEG
PET
601
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Maslow
Farrington
Pavlov
Harlow
602
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Denial, subliminal and displacement
Displacement, sublimination and repression
Denial, displacement and repression
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
603
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
Physical impairments
Both physical and cognitive impairments
Cognitive impairments
No change
604
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
Opportunities for training and training
Stigma is involved
Psychological harm may be done in prison
They may be universities for crime
605
Who was the control group in this study?
Corn flakes
There was no control group
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
606
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
False
True
607
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
True
False
608
Srength of Asch's study?
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Biased sample-ethnocentric
Very cost effective
609
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
False
True
610
The communication between neurons is known as
Synaptic transmission
Synaptic transfer
Systematic transmission
Synaptic transformation