1. Which of the following does NOT suggest that biology may be common in the universe?

CH4 and O2 cannot coexist without a continuous supply

48. Which of the following is not a potential biosignature?

A blackbody spectrum indicating a moderate surface temperature

13. Which of the following cooled the slowest?

Granite, characterized by its visible crystals

40. Which of the following is true about circumstellar habitable zones?

The continuously HZ is always narrower than the HZ

46. The Gaia Hypothesis argues that…

Life on a planet helps keep the planet habitable

11. There are lots of little rocks in our solar system. Which of the following is NOT true?

Asteroids formed further out in the protoplanetary disk than comets

9. Sun-like stars in our galaxy are

somewhat rare (several percent).

30. The Archean Eon was NOT…

About 0.5 to 2.5 billion years ago

32. Oxygen levels first rose in the atmosphere…

When all the chemicals that reacted with oxygen were used up

50. The Fermi Paradox is paradoxical because…

We haven’t found any other civilizations, but expect there should be some

8. Which of the following suggests the presence of dark matter?

The edge of the galaxy rotates faster than expected compared to the rest

44. We can distinguish rocky, icy, and gaseous exoplanets using data from…

Radial Velocity combined with Transits

24. Typically, a segment of DNA that forms a gene in a human…

Gets transcribed into mRNA, which gets translated into protein

10. Which of the following puts the stages of solar system formation in the correct order?

Solar nebula->Protoplanetary disk->Gas giants form->rocky planets form

27. Thermophiles are closest to the root of the tree of life. This tells us probably …

At some point, it was necessary to be able to withstand heat

28. The origin of life on Earth must have happened after…

The surface solidified from a magma ocean

47. The Drake equation is useful because…

It helps us think about a hard question in a scientific way

31. In a Archean age metamorphic rock, you find perfectly preserved lipids. This suggests…

You have contaminated your sample; the lipid should have degraded

23. Natural selection most efficiently eliminates…

Genes that cause problems reproducing

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ASTBIO115 Final Review

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Questions 51

Answers

1
19. Earth can be pushed into a Snowball episode by…
The greenhouse effect
Global warming
Carbon-Silicate Cycle
Ice-albedo feedback
2
22. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
Chimps and humans both use tools
Wings of bats and birds
Snout structure of wolves and domestic dogs
Radiation of mammal species after the dinosaurs died
3
1. Which of the following does NOT suggest that biology may be common in the universe?
Organic molecules in meteorites and interstellar clouds
Earth life can survive under a wide range of conditions
Life appeared early in Earth’s history
CH4 and O2 cannot coexist without a continuous supply
4
3. Exoplanets have eccentric orbits. Who first assumed orbits in our system are eccentric?
Kepler
Copernicus
Brahe
Ptolemy
5
48. Which of the following is not a potential biosignature?
An object (in space) radiating in infrared
A blackbody spectrum indicating a moderate surface temperature
A sudden dip in reflectance at red
Ozone in the atmosphere
6
29. In an sample, we find more Carbon-12 than we expect. This is an example of a(n)…
Fossil
Biomarker
Stromatolite
Isotopic signature
7
6. The nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri. How far away is it?
About an AU
About a light year
About a parsec
About a quasar
8
45. Which exoplanet detection method can give us information about the gases in its atmosphere?
Microlensing
Transit
Astrometry
Radial Velocity
9
13. Which of the following cooled the slowest?
They all probably cooled the similar speeds because they are all from lava
Granite, characterized by its visible crystals
Obsidian, which is characterized by its glassy texture
Pumice, characterized by its bubbles of air
10
40. Which of the following is true about circumstellar habitable zones?
The continuously HZ is further out than the HZ, but this isn't always true
The continuously HZ is always further out than the HZ
The continuously HZ is always narrower than the HZ
The continuouslyHZ must have liquid water
11
21. The runaway greenhouse effect on Venus was driven by the positive feedback of what gas?
CH4
CO2
N2
H2O
12
18. Volcanism can be driven by…
Hot spots from the mantle
All of these
Diverging plate boundaries
Tidal heating
13
46. The Gaia Hypothesis argues that…
Life on a planet helps keep the planet habitable
Planets naturally become habitable over time
Planets are generally habitable
Earth is the only habitable planet
14
26. If life began tomorrow (!) in Mars's subsurface, we would expect the first Martian to be a…
Chemoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
15
38. What type of rock don’t we see much of on Mars’s surface?
Igneous
Metamorphic
We don’t see any of these, it’s Mars
Sedimentary
16
11. There are lots of little rocks in our solar system. Which of the following is NOT true?
Many may not have a metallic core
Comets we see often have two tails, because the dust and gas separate
Asteroids formed further out in the protoplanetary disk than comets
Jupiter sometimes captures wandering bodies as moons
17
9. Sun-like stars in our galaxy are
very rare (less than 1%).
the most common type of stars in our galaxy (more than 90%).
typical, making up about 50% of the total.
somewhat rare (several percent).
18
49. Night-vision goggles visualize IR and allow you to see people because of their…
absorption spectrum
glowing personalities
blackbody spectrum
emission spectrum
19
30. The Archean Eon was NOT…
Characterized by low oxygen levels
About 0.5 to 2.5 billion years ago
A time banded-iron formations could have formed
A time stromatolites formed
20
32. Oxygen levels first rose in the atmosphere…
When all the chemicals that reacted with oxygen were used up
When cyanobacteria started doing oxygenic photosynthesis
When plants started producing oxygen
When aerobic animals started to evolve
21
14. The oldest parts of Earth’s crust are…
Continental crust
We don’t know because we haven’t dated enough of the planet
Oceanic crust near mid-ocean ridges
Oceanic crust near subduction zones
22
4. The laws of physics are universal. Who applied the laws of physics on Earth to planets?
Newton
Kepler
Aristotle
Galileo
23
50. The Fermi Paradox is paradoxical because…
It doesn’t account for dark matter
We haven’t found any other civilizations, but expect there should be some
Most biosignatures can be false positives
We don’t expect to find any other civilizations, but we exist
24
20. Which of the following least determines a planet’s surface temperature?
Solar irradiation
Atmospheric Pressure
Greenhouse gases
Planetary albedo
25
5. Which of the following have we used to explore Mars?
Flybys
Orbiters
Rovers
All of these
26
When U-235 decays into Pb-207, it loses…
Protons and neutrons
Neither protons or neutrons
Neutrons
Protons
27
36. Mapping a body is best done by a…
Lander
Orbiter
Rover
Flyby
28
8. Which of the following suggests the presence of dark matter?
The cosmic microwave background
The plane of Pluto’s orbit is inclined relative to the rest of the planets
The overall chemical composition of the universe
The edge of the galaxy rotates faster than expected compared to the rest
29
7. Compared to that of a cat, the peak of the black body spectrum of the sun…
The same frequency
Has a higher frequency
Has a lower frequency
Not enough information to determine
30
43. The exoplanet detection method most successful at finding systems with multiple planets is…
Radial Velocity
Microlensing
Transit
Astrometry
31
44. We can distinguish rocky, icy, and gaseous exoplanets using data from…
Radial Velocity
Radial Velocity combined with Transits
Transits combined with Direct imaging
Radial Velocity combined with Microlensing
32
33. A lineage might disappear from the fossil record at a particule field site because…
It went extinct
All of these
It adapted and evolved into something unrecognizable
A shift in the environment cause no new rocks to form for a long time
33
12. After a sedimentary rock is formed…
It gets squished and heated to become a metamorphic rock
It gets melted and cooled to become an igneous rock
Any of these
It gets broken up and reforms as a sedimentary rock
34
2. Why is Io less likely to be habitable than Jupiter’s other Moons?
It has too much tidal heating
It has liquid organics rather than water
Its atmosphere is too thick
Its rocky core is sealed off from its ocean by a layer of ice
35
39. Which of the following is not a process by which a body can lose its atmosphere?
Solar wind blows it away
The highest energy particles escape the gravity
Impacts blast it away
Rotational winds sweep it away
36
37. Which of the following is not evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter in the past?
Heavily eroded old craters
Presence of hydrated and phyllosilicate minerals
Valley networks
CO2 atmosphere
37
24. Typically, a segment of DNA that forms a gene in a human…
Gets transcribed into mRNA, which gets translated into protein
Gets translated to RNA, and then protected by ribosomes
Gets transcribed by ribosomes, then translated by proteins
Gets translated to proteins, which go make more proteins
38
10. Which of the following puts the stages of solar system formation in the correct order?
Solar nebula->Protoplanetary disk->rocky planets form->Gas giants form
Solar nebula->Protoplanetary disk->Gas giants form->rocky planets form
Protoplanetary disk->Solar nebula->rocky planets form->Gas giants form
Protoplanetary disk->Solar nebula->Gas giants form->rocky planets form
39
17. Which of the following layers of the Earth is convecting?
The Outer core and Mantle
Outer core
Inner Core
Mantle
40
27. Thermophiles are closest to the root of the tree of life. This tells us probably …
Life today is better at withstanding hot temperatures than cold
At some point, it was necessary to be able to withstand heat
The origin of life took place in an extremely hot environment
Life probably formed in a warm, little pond
41
41. M stars are good candidates for exoplanet detection using radial velocity because..
There are a lot of them
They often have Hot Jupiters
All of these
They have a low mass
42
42. A large planet far from its star would be the best candidate for what type of detection?
Astrometry
Radial Velocity
Direct Imaging
Transit
43
28. The origin of life on Earth must have happened after…
The surface solidified from a magma ocean
Earth’s atmosphere had built up enough oxygen
Comets delivered the first organisms
Plate tectonics completed a full cycle
44
47. The Drake equation is useful because…
It helps us think about a hard question in a scientific way
It is not at all useful to anyone. Ever.
It calculates things we cannot measure with less uncertainty
It tells us the number of other civilizations out there
45
31. In a Archean age metamorphic rock, you find perfectly preserved lipids. This suggests…
Nothing, lipids are always present in rocks
There was some kind of life present in the Archean
You have contaminated your sample; the lipid should have degraded
The rock is alive
46
23. Natural selection most efficiently eliminates…
Genes that cause problems reproducing
Genes that result in smaller muscles
Genetic diseases that manifest late in adulthood
Genes that contribute to the highest Darwinian fitness
47
35. A mission designed to melt its way through ice but can’t tolerate wind is best suited…
to explore Titan
to explore Calisto
to explore Venus
to explore Io
48
25. Which of the following is an organic molecule?
CaCO3
CH4
CO2
H2O
49
34. Earth gets 1370 W/m^2 of energy from the sun. Mars is 50% further, so it gets…
685 W/m^2
913 W/m^2
609 W/m^2
2740 W/m^2
50
15. Fossils are found in…
Minerals
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
51
16. Which of the following do we use to date Mars’s surface?
Crater counting
Both of these
Radiometric dating
None of these

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