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2025 AP Psych Review: Cognitive Psychology Flashcards | StudBud
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2025 AP Psych Review: Cognitive Psychology
2025 AP Psych Review: Cognitive Psychology
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1
Which of the following best describes the representativeness heuristic?
Checking your couch for money because couches have cash.
Saying a new kid is a nerd because he wears glasses & is in all AP classes.
Having the solution to a word problem pop into your head
Fearing air travel because of memories of plane crashes.
2
What is the "magic number" regarding the average number of items that can be held in short-term memory
six
three
nine
seven
3
What is retinal disparity?
linear perspective that your eyes see
a monocular cue
a type of perpetual set
the way your left and right eyes view the same image a little differently
4
The sensory memory storage for sound is known as
Acoustic
Echoic
Iconic
Hepatic
5
What is an example of availability heuristic?
Assuming all sharks are killer sharks
Seeing a whale and thinking it is a shark
Watching finding Nemo and assuming all clownfish are funny
Watching Jaws and then being afraid of swimming in the ocean
6
What is the process called when children change or "expand" their schemas for new information?
assimilation
fixation
accomodation
habituation
7
The problem-solving strategy that is often referred to as a "rule of thumb"
trial & error
algorithm
functional solution
heuristic
8
Because it has all of the features commonly associated with the concept of a bird, a robin makes a good
phoneme
heuristic
schematic
prototype
9
Sensory information is changed into a usable form to enter short term memory in the process of
encoding
retrieval
memory
storage
10
David's memory of a car accident a few years ago is filled with untrue details demonstrating
photographic memory
echoic memory
a constructed memory
long term potentiation
11
Forgetting because we never formed the memory in the first place is
memory trace delay
repression
interference
encoding failure
12
Which of the following best describes metacognition?
recalling happy memories when in a happy mood
the process of thinking about how to solve a problem
confusing your new boyfriend's name with your old boyfriend's name
the tendency to remember the last items of a list
13
Which is an example of framing?
Comparing options and choosing the best one
Choosing from 3 brands of the same price
“90% success rate” vs. “10% failure rate”
Buying a product because others did
14
Reliability measures __________
Consistency
Carryover
Control
Accuracy
15
Selective Attention is
the focusing and concentration on a sound
the focusing of unconcious awareness on a stimulus
the focusing of conscious awareness on a stimulus
the focusing we do when we attempt to do many things at once
16
Misinformation Effect
The retention of encoded information overtime
The loss of memory
Incorporating misleading infor into one's memory of an event
Disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of new info
17
_______ refers to the mental processing of information.
Memory
Intuition
Imagination
Cognition
18
On a normal distribution, an IQ score of 85 would be located
one standard deviation above the mean
two standard deviations above the mean
one standard deviation below the mean
two standard deviations below the mean
19
After a brain injury, James cannot create new memories, he likely has damage in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
hippocampus
thalamus
20
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
21
Remembering VERY little of your childhood and or infancy is called ---
infantile repression
infantile latency
infantile amnesia
infantile regression
22
Which of these is an example of a growth mindset?
Getting something wrong and then quitting
Not giving up even when something is hard
Saying "I'm just not good at this"
Saying "I can do this if I keep trying"
23
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
24
Only remembering the first and last few people you met at a party illustrates
Cocktail party effect
Serial Position effect
Mood congruent memory
State dependent learning
25
When children "fit" new information into existing schemas, this is called __________.
abbreviation
assimilation
accomodation
acclimation
26
Which is NOT one of the three basic units of thought?
image
concept
prototype
language
27
Bill can't recall the name of an old movie he watched due to a similar movie, he recently watched. This is called
selective amnesia
proactive interference
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
28
Remembering your fifth birthday party requires what type of memory
Procedural
Nondeclarative
Episodic
Semantic
29
What is the Dual-Coding Hypothesis?
a mental representation of how events look, sound, feel, smell and taste
dedicated to working memory and that serves to temporarily hold verbal info
both sensory imagery/ verbal information is used to represent information
information that can be held in mind and used to do tasks
30
The fading of memories is also referred to as
memory decomposition
misinformation effect
memory trace decay
memory interference
31
Selective attention...
Prevents us from taking in any other information
Filters information in normal waking consciousness
An feature of altered states of consciousness
Helps us spread our attention between activities
32
A photograph-like memory with excellent recall ability
Eidetic Memory
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
Echoic Memory
33
The fact that you are likely to recall info when you're sad that you learned when you are sad.
state dependent memory
serial position effect
infantile amnesia
mood congruent memory
34
Remembering how to jump rope, a skill you have not practiced in years, is which type of memory?
semantic
declarative
procedural
episodic
35
The visual cliff is
misperceived because of contrast effects
an apparatus used to examine depth perception in infants
both a monocular and a binocular depth cue
an example of a reversible figure
36
_______ is a fleeting mental image or visual representation
Sensory Memory
long term memory
Echoic memory
Iconic memory
37
If you experience knowing a person's name but it is not quite retrievable, this is called..
semantic
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
serial position effect
False memory
38
Automatic processing includes
frequency
numbers
facts
location
39
Which of the following is an example of a projective test?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Beck Depression Inventory
40
Divergent Thinking
Thinking in a variety of ways to solve problems
The act or process of knowing
The use of logic based on what has been experienced
Coming up with one right answer or way to do a task
41
Effortful processing
Happens while we are sleeping
Happens automatically
Is natural
Requires effort
42
Trivial Pursuit, a board game that asks for answers to random facts, relies most heavily on which form of knowledge?
Fluid intelligence
Crystalized intelligence
Internalization
Assimilation
43
Cocktail party phenomenon
identifying because brain tells what object is based off of prior knowledge
allowing us to experience the world in three dimensions.
Ability to follow a single conversation in a room full of conversations
achieves recognition an object by breaing it down into its component parts
44
What of the following refers to memories for skills such as tying your shoe laces?
explicit
procedural
flashbulb
declarative
45
A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula or other fool proof method
trial & error
heuristic
rule of thumb
algorithm
46
A psychological test is standardized if...
a representative example is used during testing
uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test
random assignment is used to minimize individual differences
it can predict personality traits and aptitudes
47
Retrograde amnesia happens when
you cannot retrieve memories from before an event.
you cannot remember things from infancy
your memory slowly fades as you age.
you cannot form new memories after an event.
48
What is interposition?
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
distant objects are less clear/hazy
distant objects have smoother texture
49
Automatic processing:
Involves sequential and deliberate steps
Is more common in older adults than younger adults
Demands high levels of attention and concentration
Requires minimal cognitive resources and is usually unconscious
50
Grouping information into small units...
sensory storage
clustering
chunking
STM
51
Forgetting your new cell phone # because the you had the old one for 4 years, is an example of
Proactive Interference
Fading of the memory trace
Retroactive interference
Motivated forgetting
52
What is an example of spacing effect?
studying each night a week before the test
spacing out during the test
using Quizlet
studying the night before the test
53
A potentially INFINITE storage bank!
ATM
LTM
STM
Sensory Storage
54
method of loci
different levels of processing that are involved in encoding information
visualizing locations and mentally "walking" through them to retrieve info
process of encoding information in a superficial or basic manner
study sessions are spaced out, rather than crammed in an intensive session
55
Fluid intelligence includes all of the following except...
knowledge over time
reasoning ability
processing speed
problem solving skills
56
What are monocular depth cues?
Cues that can be detected with one eye
Cues that can be detected with two eyes
visual illusions
Cues that can be detected blindfolded
57
Any type of memory aid is known as
Recognition
Total recall
A recall system
A mnemonic device
58
Which is an example of anterograde amnesia?
Hal can't recall the first 10 years of his life
Louis can't make new memories since his concussion
Will forgets details of 2 weeks before he had brain surgery
Kalund misremembers what his teachers say in class
59
What type of memory would a contestant on Jeopardy use?
procedural
semantic
episodic
declarative
60
Schema is defined as?
what you put on ice cream
what you already know
something you play with
what you don't know
61
This Quiz! question requires which type of retrieval?
relearning
recognition
recall
revision
62
What are binocular depth cues?
Visual cues for depth that require use of both eyes
None of the above
Cues for depth that do not require use of eyes
Visual cues for depth that require use of one eye
63
Emotional Intelligence is...
the ability to respect somebody's intelligence.
the ability to think deeply.
the ability to analyse something.
the ability to manage your emotions and those of others.
64
If you lost your keys when you had the flu, you might find them the next time you feel sick
state dependent memory
mood congruent memory
encoding specificity principle
serial position effect
65
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
