Juvenile Justice - Exam #1 review

In America, new houses of refuge offered skills training in an attempt to change the direction of juvenile delinquents.

Of the 1,390 youths who reported victimization by staff, 89.1% were males who reported sexual activity with female staff

According to the attachment theory, the superego determines a person’s actual behavior.

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, a branch of the Department of Justice.

Authorities in Maine, Massachusetts, and New York were the first to collect official crime statistics.

In 1869, the ______ Board of Charities implemented probation for youthful offenders as well.

Juveniles and young adults are more likely to commit ______ crimes than are other age groups.

______ believed that criminality did not result from individual choice but from factors beyond an individual’s control.

An effective criminological theory can demonstrate ______.

In America beginning around 1900, parens patriae became the guiding principle of the juvenile.

Which landmark case allowed some due process protection for juveniles accused of a crime?

Who developed the differential association theory?

The first house of refuge opened in 1791 in Boston, Massachusetts.

Part I offenses include all of the following serious criminal behaviors EXCEPT ______.

The ______ is the result of early moral teachings and distinguishes between right and wrong.

Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg identified nineteen stages of moral development.

Who asserted that if individuals could appreciate a clear set of statutes that indicated definite punishment?

The ______ showed low self-control was the strongest predictor of career criminality.

The neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine, have been correlated with intelligence issues.

The juvenile court concept started in Cook County Illinois in 1899.

Cesare Beccaria and Edwin Sutherland are members of the Chicago school of criminology.

Ectomorphs were skinny and delicate, and likely to be anxious introverts who complained frequently.

Edwin Sutherland created the general strain theory in order to explain criminal behavior.

Delinquent rates are considerably lower in police reports and ______ data than in self-report studies.

The term “sentence” in juvenile court means “adjudication” in adult criminal court.

The rate of juveniles convicted of murder has increased the past 10 years.

Age of ______ is the age a juvenile first begins committing delinquent acts.

By 1931, more than ______ guidance clinics were created to assist the juvenile justice system.

Programs for impoverished children actually originated in ______.

The original juvenile court was based on the ______ concept.

The highest number of arrests for juveniles was for ______ in 2017.

By 1830, Houses of Refuge were opened in all of the following cities EXCEPT ______.

Not surprisingly, alcohol and drug use are often linked to ______ behavior.

Robert Merton believed there were five ways a person could adapt to anomie.

______ is quitting delinquent behavior and returning to conventional normative behavior.