Which of the following is a key characteristic for children who are enrolled in focused stimulation?

needs minimal social engagement

Provide the name of one parent-report tool that can be used in an assessment.

MacArthur Bates Communication Inventory, MCDI-3, CSBS-DP

The purpose of enrichment is ____

to enhance skills beyond where they are.

Provide the name of one parent-report tool that can be used in an assessment. ___

MacArthur Bates Communication Inventory, MCDI-3, CSBS-DP

What two aspects of communication are likely to distinguish "late talkers" from those with DLD?

level of comprehension and use of gestures

Which of the following measures in SALT would evaluate grammatical morphology?

percent obligatory context in bound morpheme table

Which of the following is recommended if selecting vocabulary words to target?

current word list, recommendations from family, and phonological repertoire

In Heilmann et al. (2010), which of the following was the method for comparing the length of samples?

time (1 minute, 3 minutes, 7 minutes)

For which of the following age ranges is focused stimulation recommended?

toddler through early elementary

Which utterance has an uncontractible auxiliary in it?

The girl was wanting to go talk to the aliens.

Which of the following statements does Paul et al. (2025) assert?

client referred for a speech disorder should also be assessed

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Questions 158

Answers

1
How many words should a child have at 18 months?
20
25
30
50
2
How many words do you need to begin combining words (i.e., 2-word utterances)?
100-150 words
30-40 words
50-100 words
10-20 words
3
What is the most common reason that SLPs give for not using language sampling?
not useful information
time
training
understanding data
4
At what age for the child would you become concerned if they have no verbs?
12 months
24 months
15 months
18 months
5
Which of the following sentences has regular 3rd person singular -s in it?
The girl walked home.
The girl walks home.
The girl is walking home.
The girl had walked home.
6
If a child has ______________ words and is not combining words (i.e., 2-word utterances), you should be concerned
100 words
50 words
150 words
200 words
7
Which of the following is a key characteristic for children who are enrolled in focused stimulation?
will respond on demand
needs minimal social engagement
likes to ask questions
enjoys imitation
8
What is the rate of communication for an 18 month old child?
8 acts/minute
5 acts/minute
2 acts/minute
1 act/minute
9
Paralinguistic features of __________ include a high overall pitch
Infant-directed speech
Adult-directed speech
Adolescent-directed speech
Child-directed speech
10
When we learn a word, we store _________, the word’s meaning, and the word’s part of speech
the word in a sentence
what the word means
the sounds in the word
a picture of the word
11
Which of the following would be an area to assess for a child who communicates without words?
grammatical morphology used
phonological processes
MLU
phonological inventory
12
At what age do children start canonical babbling?
10-12 months
5-10 months
0-2 months
3-8 months
13
Provide the name of one parent-report tool that can be used in an assessment.
MacArthur Bates Communication Inventory
MCDI-3
Questionnaire
CSBS-DP
14
Which of the following would be an area to assess for a child who communicates without words?
phonological inventory
grammatical morphology used
phonological processes
MLU
15
What is the length of utterance recommended previously (based upon the review of literature)?
20 minutes
50-100 utterances
25 utterances
10 minutes
16
Which of the following methods would be an appropriate way to assess pragmatic skills
all of the above
questionnaire completed by caregiver/teacher
interview of caregiver/teacher using an inventory checklist
observation of child using checklist
17
The purpose of enrichment is ____
to inhibit disorders before they occur.
to assist those with a disorder acquire necessary skills.
to enhance skills beyond where they are.
18
Which of the following grammatical morphemes is acquired the earliest?
progressing -ing
-ed
copula be
3rd person singular -s
19
At what age do children stop using almost all representational gestures?
18 months
20 months
12 months
24 months
20
Between _______ children will combine words and gestures to communicate.
2 to 4 years of age
6 to 15 months
1 to 3 years of age
1 to 2 years of age
21
Provide the name of one parent-report tool that can be used in an assessment. ___
MacArthur Bates Communication Inventory
MCDI-3
CSBS-DP
Questionnaire
22
Which of the following would be an area to assess for a child who communicates without words?
phonological inventory
phonological processes
MLU
grammatical morphology used
23
Which sentence is an example of a negative?
Anybody can come over.
Nobody is answering the phone.
I hadn't received the email.
They had given neither of us the answer.
24
How many morphemes are in the following utterance? The children read the Itsy Bitsy Spider after the school's drill.
12
10
9
11
25
What is the most common "manipulation of input" used with focused stimulation?
placement at the end of the sentence
stress
setting up the environment
multiple repetitions
26
What two aspects of communication are likely to distinguish "late talkers" from those with DLD?
phonological repertoire and use of gestures
rate of communication and use of gestures
rate of communication and level of comprehension
level of comprehension and use of gestures
27
Which of the following phonological processes would most likely be suppressed first (i.e., go away)?
cluster reduction
unstressed syllable deletion
liquidification
final consonant deletion
28
Which of the following measures in SALT would evaluate grammatical morphology?
total number of words in standard measures report
percent obligatory context in bound morpheme table
number of different words in standard measures report
percent mazed utterances in standard measures report
29
At what age should a child have communication acts that are behavior regulatory, joint attention, and social interaction
8 months
15 months
12 months
18 months
30
At what age for the child would you become concerned if they have no verbs?
24 months
18 months
15 months
12 months
31
Which of the following is recommended if selecting vocabulary words to target?
current word list, recommendations from family, and phonological repertoire
recommendations from family
current word list
current word list and recommendations from family
32
You ask the child to hand you a dog while playing. What area of language are you assessing?
receptive
use
expressive
phonology
33
Which language sample measures has been shown to have good diagnostic accuracy on its own for language disorders?
percent prepositions used correctly
percent mazed utterances
percent consonants correct
percent grammatical utterances
34
Which of the following sentences has regular 3rd person singular -s in it?
The girl had walked home.
The girl walked home.
The girl walks home.
The girl is walking home.
35
The social-interactionist theory is known for _____
reinforcements
modules in the brain
zone of proximal development
punishments
36
Following errors does Paul et al. (2025) indicate beginning clinicians frequently do when identifying communication acts
They cannot reach 90% accuracy.
They are too generous.
They are overly critical.
They don't recognize gestures.
37
adaptation that you consider when evaluating the language skills of older students/adults at this stage?
all of the above
considering the use of AAC
using chronological-age appropriate materials
focusing on functional communication
38
You have the parent provide a list of the words that a child says. What domain of language are you assessing?
use
receptive
form
content
39
How many words do you need to begin combining words (i.e., 2-word utterances)?
100-150 words
50-100 words
10-20 words
30-40 words
40
In Heilmann et al. (2010), which of the following was the method for comparing the length of samples?
time (1 minute, 3 minutes, 7 minutes)
examiner utterance length (20 utterance, 50 utterance, 100 utterances)
child utterance length (20 utterance, 50 utterance, 100 utterances)
total utterance length (20 utterance, 50 utterance, 100 utterances)
41
For which of the following age ranges is focused stimulation recommended?
infancy through early elementary
toddler through early elementary
preschool through early elementary
infancy through preschool
42
Which utterance has an uncontractible auxiliary in it?
The girl was wanting to go talk to the aliens.
But the guy was scared to.
There was a spaceship that had four aliens and a dog alien sort of thing.
And they seemed really friendly.
43
Which of the following consonants would be acquired first most often?
/r/
/l/
/s/
/w/
44
At what age would we expect a child to have 90% of his/her utterances use correct verb-tense agreement?
84 months
72 months
48 months
60 months
45
Which of the following statements does Paul et al. (2025) assert?
client referred for a speech disorder should also be assessed
referred for a speech disorder should also be assessed only in those area
46
When a child refers to all 4-legged furry animals as dogs, this would be an example of _____
Underextension
Word learning
Overextension
Syntactic growth
47
The amount of gestures used by an infant is correlated with ______
comprehension skills
syntax development
later clarity of speech
later vocabulary
48
Bloom&Lahey’s model of language includes three areas (form, content, use). Which of the 5 areas of language is included
Semantics
Phonology
Syntax
Pragmatics
49
Which of the following phonological processes would most likely be suppressed first (i.e., go away)?
liquidification
cluster reduction
final consonant deletion
unstressed syllable deletion
50
The child makes vowel-like sounds has begun to make what Robert calls a "sloppy d" at times because he does not have
3-8 months
5-10 months
2 months
10-18 months
51
Sally's mom often models 2-word combinations such as "give mommy ball" What type of speech is her mom using
action + object
short phrases
simple sentence
telegraphic speech
52
What were the two activities children were asked to do during the language sample?
conversation and narrative
narrative and expository
conversation and persuasive
conversation and expository
53
The purpose of enrichment is ______
to enhance skills beyond where they are.
to inhibit disorders before they occur.
to assist those with disorder acquire necessary skills.
54
What type of gesture does this child use? (0:20-0:29)
show
proximal point
give
distal point
55
Which of the following common word mistakes would be an example of perceptual categorization
calling an orange a ball
calling chalk a pencil
calling a comb a brush
calling a plane a bird
56
Which of the following are common representational gestures that precede the use of words?
waving bye-bye and drinking motion
waving bye-bye and brushing hair motion
waving bye-bye and running motion
waving bye-bye and dancing to music
57
At 12 months of age, a child should have at least __________ different types of functions they communicate.
1
2
10
5
58
The purpose of enrichment is ____
to inhibit disorders before they occur.
to enhance skills beyond where they are.
to assist those with a disorder acquire necessary skills.
59
Which is an example of a common overgeneralization during toddler years?
He runned home today.
I build home with blocks.
She walked home.
Saying orange for basketball.
60
What is the rate of communication for an 18 month old child?
8 acts/minute
2 acts/minute
1 act/minute
5 acts/minute
61
Sarai is playing with her baby and pretends to feed it a bottle over and over. What age would you predict Sarai to be?
36 months
13-20 months
28 months
20-24 months
62
Which of the following methods would be appropriate for assessing a toddler's receptive language skills?
Asking the child to name an animal you are holding.
Listening to the words the child uses to see if they are correct.
Saying, "Where's the dog?" while playing with the barn.
63
Which of the following has focused stimulation been shown to be effective?
home, small groups, group center-based, and individual
home, small groups, and individual
home and center-based
home and individual
64
Evaluating a child, you ask the caregiver about what is or isn't going well with for them with their child at home.
criterion referenced based assessment
dynamic assessment
play-based assessment
routine-based assessment
65
Which of the following consonants would be acquired first most often?
/l/
/r/
/s/
/w/
66
Which of the following reasons is why "comments" or proto-declaratives are important to language development?
They get the child what they want.
They provide the child control of the environment.
establish the framework for the topic/framework in conversation
They are fun.
67
Which is an example of a common overgeneralization during preschool years?
saying orange for basketball
I build home with blocks
He runned home today
She walked home.
68
Theory poses that children learn language through conditioning based on whether interactions are reinforced or punished.
behavioral
social interactionist
bootstrapping
cognitive
69
At what age do children typically start to acquire grammatical morphemes?
30 months
18 months
12 months
24 months
70
Jackson imitating the facial expressions that his dad is making. As he does this, his dad continues to make another face
infant directed speech
joint attention
use of routines
caregiver responsiveness
71
Reviewing a child's chart, you find out that the child has been diagnosed with autism. What type of factor would this be
Dual language learned
Environmental stressor
Family concerns/priorities
Family history/background
72
As you are evaluating a child, you ask the caregiver about what is or isn't going well with for with their child at home
routine-based assessment
dynamic assessment
play-based assessment
Criterion-referenced based assessment
73
Which of the following sentences has regular 3rd person singular -s in it?
The girl walked home.
The girl is walking home.
The girl had walked home.
The girl walks home.
74
Miguel has just begun to make sing-song sounds that contain vowels. How old would you estimate Miguel to be?
5-10 months
2 months
10-18 months
3-8 months
75
clear intention (used appropriately for context), have a recognizable production (given speech development), and ___
used in sentence
used 3 times in a row
used consistently
imitated
76
If a child has ______________ words and is not combining words
150 words
50 words
200 words
100 words
77
Which of the following would be a nonlanguage risk factor for language growth (aka, disorder)?
limited babbling
banging of a toy repeatedly
comprehension deficit of 6 months or more
few spontaneous imitations
78
Sarah gives a container to her mom because she is hungry. What is the function of her communication act?
behavior regulation
joint attention
protest
social interaction
79
Which of the following gestures would develop first?
give
show
drink from cup gesture
distal point
80
You are going to assess a child and decide that you want the caregiver to complete a questionnaire.
Observation
Play-based assessment
Parent-completed tool
Dynamic assessment
81
Sarai is playing with her baby and pretends to feed it a bottle over and over. What age would you predict Sarai to be?
20-24 months
28 months
13-20 months
36 months
82
Which of the following sentences contains a bound grammatical morpheme related to verb tense?
She enjoys her work
The tallest animals hit their head
I want dogs
The girl's shoes were lost.
83
Sarah gives a container to her mom because she is hungry. What is the function of her communication act?
protest
joint attention
behavior regulation
social interaction
84
theory poses that children learn language through conditioning and shaping.
bootstrapping
cognitive
social interactionist
behavioral
85
Phonological processes are ____________ disorders.
Pragmatic
Linguistic
Content
Articulation or speech sound
86
Rewrite the following question: Can you talk about some of the daily activities you do with __ and how each one is going
???
IDK
Please tell me about your daily activities
87
For which area of language would you want to NOT use a standardized test to assess it?
morphological structures
pragmatic language
receptive vocabulary
expressive vocabulary
88
What type of gesture does this child use? (0:23 - 0:29)
give
show
reach
referential gesture
89
you are reviewing a child's chart, they are diagnosed with autism. What type of factor would this be consider?
Dual language learned
Family history/background
Environmental stressor
Family concerns/priorities
90
Looking at a book, the child points to the truck and looks at the adult. The function of this type of gesture would be
informing
protest
requesting information
attention seeking
91
Rewrite the following question: Can you talk about some of the daily activities you do with _ and how each one is going
Do you have daily activities with _?
Do you do a lot of daily activities?
Please tell me about your daily activities with ____
92
What type of gesture does this child use? (from 0:00 - 0:12)
referential gesture
give
show
distal point
93
At what level of speech development is this child?
jargon
reduplicated babbling
cooing
marginal babbling
94
Theory proposes that cognition and language are intertwined with growth in cognitive ability preceding language.
Behaviorist theory
Social-interactionist theory
Cognitive theory
Competition model
95
He looks at his dad and says, dadadada His dad starts to get excited as Simon then turns to his mom and says, dadadada.
intentionality
context clues
recognizable pronunciation
proper word shape
96
The social-interactionist theory is known for _______________
zone of proximal development
modules in the brain
punishments
reinforcements
97
At what age for the child would you become concerned if they have no verbs?
18 months
12 months
24 months
15 months
98
Sarah says, "He buyed that." Which language development theory/model would account for this language error?
Competition Model
Social-Interactionist Theory
Intentionality Model
Behaviorist Theory
99
Lilly is playing when her blanket falls over her favorite bear. Lilly immediately begins to pull the blanket off
joint attention
object permanence
semanticity
speech discrimination
100
The first job of an infant is to ____
to talk.
to maintain eye contact with their parent.
begin understanding what is said around them.
to smile at their parent.
101
The social-interactionist theory is known for ______
punishments
modules in the brain
zone of proximal development
reinforcements
102
If a child has _ words and is not combining words 2-word utterances, you should be concerned (aka, that is a red flag).
200 words
100 words
150 words
50 words
103
assess a child and decide that you want the caregiver to complete a questionnaire. What type of assessment activity
Dynamic assessment
Observation
Parent-completed tool
Play-based assessment
104
The goal for prevention is __________
enhance skills to continue to develop.
to inhibit disorders before they occur.
to remediate disorders.
105
At what level of speech development is this child? (1:33 - 1:45)
nonreduplicated babbling
jargon
marginal babbling
cooing
106
A typical child who is interacting with a responsive adult will have __________ acts a minute at 2 years of age.
10
2
5
1
107
Sarai is playing with her baby and pretends to feed it a bottle over and over. What age would you predict Sarai to be?
36 months
28 months
13-20 months
20-24 months
108
Which of the following is the earliest developing grammatical morpheme?
Progressive -ing
3rd person singular -s
Contracted copula
Past-tense -ed
109
At what level of speech development is this child? (0:08 - 0:15)
marginalized babbling
cooing
jargon
reduplicated babbling
110
The goal for prevention is _____
enhance skills to continue to develop.
to remediate disorders.
to inhibit disorders before they occur.
111
Jackson is 15 months old. He hears mom say "I need to get my purse." Jackson picks up her purse which word does he know
Referent
Word Class
Syntax Code
Morpheme
112
You are evaluating a child that is 16 months old with a rate of communication that is 3 acts/minute
child language skills are significantly behind what would be expected
The child's language skills are appropriate their age at this time.
The child's rate of communication is appropriate for their age at this time
child rate of communication is less frequent than expected for their age
113
Maxim is 15 months old, He looks at his mom and points at the toy while saying, "mine." What type of communication
extralinguistic cue
paralinguistic cue
cooing
linguistic cue
114
_______ predicts comprehension and production skills.
behavior regulatory acts
joint attention acts
social routines
nonverbal skills
115
Which of the following skills is the earliest developing phonological awareness skill?
Let's clap the syllables for "butterfly"
If you combine the sounds "b-a-t", what word does it make?
Tell me words that sounds like 'hat'.
Which pictures start with the "p" sound like 'pig'?
116
Which of the following measures from SALT would evaluate vocabulary?
number of complete and intelligible utterances
percent mazed utterances
Number of different words
mean length of utterance
117
Which of the following prepositions should be acquired early?
in
above
below
between
118
In Phase 2 of communication, what do children do In
use gestures to communicate
watch person intently who is interacting with them
use words
look at social partner
119
1) _____________ 2) have begun to combine words into sentences, and 3) have not yet acquired all grammatical morphemes.
have less than 50 words
have more than 50 words
talk a lot
look at you
120
Focused stimulation requires the client (child) to respond.
False
True
121
This type of gesture must be interpreted based upon the context it is used.
representational
deictic gestures
signaling
sign language
122
Which of the following would be an example of communication function?
vocalization
comment/joint attention
distal point
2 acts per minute
123
Sarah gives a container to her mom because she is hungry. What is the function of her communication act?
social interaction
protest
joint attention
behavior regulation
124
Sarah says, "He buyed that." Which language development theory/model would account for this language error?
Social-Interactionist Theory
Behaviorist Theory
Intentionality Model
Competition Model
125
How many morphemes are in the following sentence? The preschoolers were happy that Mrs. Brown’s daughter would be their
15
13
12
14
126
reviewing a child's chart, you find out that the child has been diagnosed with autism. What type of factor would this be
Dual language learned
Family concerns/priorities
Environmental stressor
Family history/background
127
The function of a child giving a toy to the adult for help making it go would be ___
behavior regulation
social interaction
joint attention
comment
128
The goal for prevention is ______
enhance skills to continue to develop.
to remediate disorders.
to inhibit disorders before they occur.
129
Which of the following would be an example of a proto-declarative act?
giving an object
reaching for an object
proximal point
pushing away an object
130
What is the purpose of the ecological inventory?
assess the safety of the environment
assess the client's ability to move around his/her environment
find out who is in the environment
determine the client's communication abilities in their environment/typical
131
Did the article's results provide a definitive answer as to the length of your sample you would want?
False
True
132
At what level of speech development is this child? (0:35 - 0:55)
cooing
jargon
reduplicated babbling
marginalized babbling
133
At what age should a child have communication acts that are behavior regulatory, joint attention, and social interaction
15 months
12 months
18 months
8 months
134
You are going to assess a child and decide that you want to complete a questionnaire. What type of assessment activity?
Dynamic assessment
Observation
Play-based assessment
Parent-completed tool
135
Declan is looking at a book with his mother. He points to the picture (touching it)
representational, request for information
deictic, request for information
representational, greeting
deictic, protest
136
Which of the following is a language-based disorder?
speech sound
fluency
phonological processing
apraxia of speech
137
For which of the following types of clients is Focused Stimulation most recommended?
SLI/DLD, late-talking toddlers, and children with autism
SLI/DLD, late-talking toddlers, and children with intellectual disability
SLI/DLD and late-talking toddlers
SLI/DLD, children with autism, children with intellectual disability
138
theory proposes that cognition and language are intertwined with growth in cognitive ability preceding language.
Competition model
Social-interactionist theory
Behaviorist theory
Cognitive theory
139
Which of the following would be a "Basic Word?
Fuji apple
Mandarin
fruit
orange
140
Sarah says, "He buyed that." Which language development theory/model would account for this language error
Behaviorist Theory
Social-Interactionist Theory
Competition Model
Intentionality Model
141
. Which of the following would be an example of a deictic gesture?
"shh" gesture
distal point
vocalization
drinking gesture
142
Rewrite the following: "Can you talk about some of the daily activities you do with _____ and how each one is going?
IDK
???
Please tell me about your daily activities with __ and which one is helpful
143
Lydia is 6 months old and often interacts with her mother by smiling or giggling. What communication is she at?
Symbolic
Pre-Intentional
Intentional
Iconic
144
The earliest stage of speech development is _____
cooing
control phonation
reflexive vocalization
babbling
145
What type of gesture does this child use? (0:10 - 0:15)
show
give
distal point
proximal point
146
evaluating a child that is 16 months old with a rate of communication that is 3 acts/minute. Which would be correct?
The child's language skills are appropriate their age at this time.
The child's language skills are significantly behind
The child's rate of communication is appropriate for their age at this time
The child's rate of communication is less frequent than expected
147
Jackson communicates with some single words while also using deictic gestures (proximal, distal, and gives).
18-30 months
10-18 months
6-12 months
12-24 months
148
Which of the following would be the most developed stage of speech prior to words?
nonreduplicated babbling
jargon
reuplicated babbling
marginal babbling
149
Which of the following would be a behavior regulatory deictic gesture?
proximal point
show
give
distal point
150
What is the underlined word in the following sentence? The dogs were happily enjoying the game of fetch at the park.
Contractible auxiliary be
Uncontractible auxiliary be
Contractible copula be
Uncontractible copula be
151
true word when 1)said with clear purpose, 2) pronounced in a similar manner to the adult version of the word, and 3)
It is used consistently
The parents say it is a word
The word is produced clearly
The child has said it once appropriately
152
Which of the following would be the most developed stage of speech prior to words?
marginal babbling
jargon
reuplicated babbling
nonreduplicated babbling
153
Toddlers typically begin combining words at ___
24 months
12 months
18 months
36 months
154
Which of the following could be a target using focused stimulation?
vocabulary and morphosyntax
vocabulary, morphosyntax, pragmatics
vocabulary, phonology, and pragmatics
vocabulary, morphosyntax, and phonology
155
Which of the following gestures would develop first?
give
distal point
drink from cup gesture
show
156
Focused stimulation can be implemented by which of the following individuals?
parents
clinicians
clinicians and parents
any trained person
157
Sammy has recently begun to say his first word, "da" for that. How old would you estimate Sammy to be
30 months
12 months
18 months
24 months
158
At which of the following age ranges would you expect a child to communicate with a combination of words and gestures?
more than 24 months
8-12 months
18-24 months
12-18 months

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