What is the role of diacritical markings in scoring speech assessments?

They are used to indicate detailed pronunciation features

What does the Acceptability Rating measure?

How the speaker’s message deviates from what is acceptable

What is one key characteristic of static assessment?

The test format cannot be altered and must be followed exactly

Which of the following is an example of a malapropism?

“Cystic Fibrosis” becoming “65 Roses”

/kʌp/ changes to [kʌk]

Velar assimilation; progressive

What is one of the primary purposes of a speech screening?

To determine if there is a problem that needs further evaluation

Which of the following is a characteristic of dynamic assessment?

Examiner gives feedback and helps the child develop strategies

What does Mrs Dixon say about general administration procedures for speech assessments?

Practice, practice, practice, go for spontaneous productions

A criterion-referenced test would be most appropriate for...

Measuring whether a child has met specific learning objectives

What does single word sampling help evaluate?

Consonant accuracy in various word positions

Why is spontaneous conversational sampling considered a preferred method?

It reflects natural speech and allows for open-ended responses

What is a key feature of single word sampling in speech assessments?

It can be formally or informally

When comparing the L1 phonemic inventory to American English, what indicates a possible disorder?

Errors with sounds common to both L1 and American English

What is the correct formula for calculating PCC (Percent of Consonants Correct)?

Correct Consonants ÷ (Correct + Incorrect Consonants) × 100

Intrajudge reliability refers to:

Agreement with your own transcriptions across repeated testing

What is one key responsibility during the pre-evaluation phase?

Review case history and prepare evaluation materials

The normative sample of a norm-referenced test should include variation in....

Age, race, sex, grade level, location, and socioeconomic status

Which of the following practices could invalidate scoring during single word sampling?

Providing too many imitative prompts

Which of the following is TRUE about criterion-referenced tests?

They can follow standardized protocols

What does a rating of “3” on the intelligibility scale suggest?

Somewhat difficult to understand (70–79%)

Which of the following is true about intelligibility rating scales?

They can be qualitative or quantitative and vary by test.

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Phonological Patters/Intelligibility/scores

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Questions 84

Answers

1
What is the role of diacritical markings in scoring speech assessments?
They are only used with vowels
They help calculate raw scores
They are used to indicate detailed pronunciation features
2
What percentage of occurrence is required on a commercial test (e.g., CAAP-2) for a process to be considered active?
40%
20%
15%
75%
3
Which pattern; "Sounds are switched or reversed in order" /æsk/ (ask) → [æks]
Reduplication
Epenthesis
Metathesis
Idyosyncratic
4
What does the Acceptability Rating measure?
How easy the speaker was to understand
How consistent the speaker’s errors are
How many correct consonants were produced
How the speaker’s message deviates from what is acceptable
5
What is one key characteristic of static assessment?
The examiner provides scaffolding to support learning
The results describe how the child improves with help
The child can ask questions during the task
The test format cannot be altered and must be followed exactly
6
“spread like wildflower” instead of “wildfire”
Eggcorn
Mondegreens
7
/fæn/ → [pæn]
Stopping
Fronting
8
/bʌt/ → [bʌp]
velar assimilation
nasal assimilation
labial assimilation
9
Which of the following is an example of a malapropism?
“Liver tea and just us” instead of “liberty and justice”
“Spread like wildflower” instead of “wildfire”
“Cystic Fibrosis” becoming “65 Roses”
10
Which Pattern "A non-velar sound changes to a velar due to the influence of another velar in the word."
labial assimilation
Velar asssimilation
nasal assimilation
11
/kʌp/ changes to [kʌk]
Velar assimilation; regressive
Velar assimilation; progressive
12
What is one of the primary purposes of a speech screening?
To determine intelligibility ratings
To develop a full treatment plan
To diagnose a speech disorder
To determine if there is a problem that needs further evaluation
13
Which pattern "A non-labial becomes a labial due to influence from another labial sound."
Nasal assimilation
Velar assimilation
Labial assimilation
14
Which of the following is a characteristic of dynamic assessment?
Passive participation from the child
Examiner does not provide any assistance
Scores are used to identify deficits only
Examiner gives feedback and helps the child develop strategies
15
/dɑg/ → [gɑg]
labial assimilation
Velar asssimilation
nasal assimilation
16
What does Mrs Dixon say about general administration procedures for speech assessments?
Practice, practice, practice
idk
go for spontaneous productions
17
A criterion-referenced test would be most appropriate for...
Measuring whether a child has met specific learning objectives
Comparing a child’s speech to others in the same demographic
Evaluating the test’s overall reliability
Identifying whether a child falls within the normative bell curve
18
What does single word sampling help evaluate?
Only vowel production
Consonant accuracy in various word positions
Pragmatic language use
19
Why is spontaneous conversational sampling considered a preferred method?
It avoids the need for transcription
It reflects natural speech and allows for open-ended responses
20
What is a key feature of single word sampling in speech assessments?
It avoids the use of commercial articulation tests
It cannot be done with adults
It can be formally or informally
It should only use vowels
21
When comparing the L1 phonemic inventory to American English, what indicates a possible disorder?
Sound substitutions that still carry meaning
Errors with sounds common to both L1 and American English
Difficulty producing sounds not in the L1 inventory
22
What is the correct formula for calculating PCC (Percent of Consonants Correct)?
Correct Consonants ÷ (Correct + Incorrect Consonants) × 100
Correct Consonants ÷ Total Words × 100
23
Intrajudge reliability refers to:
Agreement with your own transcriptions across repeated testing
Agreement between two different judges
24
Which pattern? "Two adjacent sounds are combined into one that shares features of both."
Reduplication
Coalescence
Epenthesis
Metathesis
25
What percentage of speech is understood when a client is rated as “2” on the intelligibility scale?
60% to 69%
70% to 79%
80% to 89%
Less than 59%
26
/ʃu/ → [su]
Velar fronting
palatal fronting
27
/tæp/ → [kæp]
Backing
Fronting
Stopping
28
If a client produces errors on sounds that exist in both their L1 and American English, the errors are considered:___
In the disordered range
Dialectal differences
WNL
Phonological delays
29
/ɛləfənt/ → [ɛfənt]
Final Consonant Deletion
Unstressed syllable deletion
reduplication
30
Which Pattern; "A back sound (velar/palatal) is replaced with a front sound (alveolar)."
fronting
assimilation
stopping
deaffrication
31
/ræbɪt/ → [wæbɪt]
deaffrication
reduplication
gliding
liquidization
32
Which of the following phonological processes is not typically considered a red flag?
Initial Consonant Deletion
Glottal Replacement
Cluster Reduction
Systemic Sound Preference
33
/kʌp/ → [kʌ]
Final Consonant Deletion
Cluster reduction
unstressed syllable deletion
34
/dæm/ → [næm]
nasal assimilation
velar assimilation
labial assimilation
35
/ʃu/ → [tʃu] (ch)
deaffrication
reduplication
fronting
affrication
36
/læm/ changes to [næm]
nasal assimilation; regressive
nasal assimilation; progressive
37
/blu/ → [bu]
Simplification
Cluster Reduction
Reduplication
38
/blu/ → [bəlu]
Coalescence
idiosyncratic
Epenthesis
Reduplication
39
What is one key responsibility during the pre-evaluation phase?
Only rely on parental reports
Administer standardized tests immediately
Review case history and prepare evaluation materials
40
The normative sample of a norm-referenced test should include variation in....
Geographic location and test scores
Only age and gender
Age, race, sex, grade level, location, and socioeconomic status
IQ and literacy level only
41
Which of the following practices could invalidate scoring during single word sampling?
Providing too many imitative prompts
Recording the session
asking open-ended questions
Using a variety of stimuli
42
Which of the following is TRUE about criterion-referenced tests?
They can follow standardized protocols
They can never be standardized
They are always informal
They focus on group performance
43
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects intelligibility?
Vocal pitch accuracy
Consistency of errors
Message content
Communication cues
44
Which of the following is considered a red flag process in speech sound development?
fronting
backing
cluster reduction
final consonant deletion
45
What does a rating of “3” on the intelligibility scale suggest?
Difficult to understand (60–69%)
Somewhat difficult to understand (70–79%)
Completely unintelligible
46
Which of the following phonological processes typically persists after age 3?
Velar Fronting
Consonant Assimilation
Gliding
Syllable Reduplication
47
According to McLeod & Baker, which of the following processes typically disappears by age 3?
gliding
Final consonant deletion
stopping
Epenthesis
48
Which process involves replacing a nasal consonant with a homorganic stop?
Deaffrication
Glottal Replacement
Denasalization
Final Devoicing
49
/tɛɹ/ → [tɛʊ]
Backing
Fronting
Vowelization/Vocalization
50
Which of the following is true about intelligibility rating scales?
They always use percentage scores only.
They range from 0–10 and are always easy to use.
They are based only on objective measures.
They can be qualitative or quantitative and vary by test.
51
when kids use a real word that sounds similar to the intended word and seems semantically reasonable, like “wildflower”
Mondegreens
Eggcorn
52
Which Pattern "A palatal sound is replaced with a non-palatal (typically alveolar) sound."
Depalatalization
Gliding
Fronting
Deaffrication
53
Interjudge reliability refers to:
Agreement between two different judges
Agreement between a child and clinician
54
What does a listener’s perceptual judgment help determine in speech sound analysis?
Intelligibility
Active processes
Place-manner-voicing
Vowel inventory
55
Which pattVern; "A liquid or /r/ becomes a vowel (often /ə/ or /o/)."
Vowelization/Vocalization
Devoicing
FCD
56
Which of the following is NOT one of the clinician’s roles listed in the assessment process?
Determine Tx plan
Describe the child’s speech
Establish rapport with family
Provide medication options
57
When considering dialectical differences from SSD, which of the following is true?
All speech differences should be treated as disorders
A child’s L1 inventory must be compared to American English
58
A child has a PCC (Percent of Consonants Correct) score of 62%. How would this be classified?
Mild
Severe
Moderate to severe
WNL
59
Which of the following is the poorest rating on the comprehensibility scale?
2 – The listener had to work hard
5 – The listener did not have to work hard at al
3 – The listener had to work somewhat hard
1 – The listener had to work extremely hard
60
/gʌn/ → [dʌn]
Velar fronting
palatal fronting
61
According to the comprehensibility scale, what does a rating of “1” mean?
The listener had to ask for clarification once
The speaker was mostly understood
The listener had to work extremely hard to understand the speaker
the listener had to listen carefully
62
According to the slides; What does intelligibility primarily refer to in speech sound assessment?
The listener’s ability to identify vowels
The number of phonemes produced correctly
The ability to count syllables per utterance
The percentage of words a listener understands in a sample
63
Which of the following is NOT typically evaluated in a comprehensive speech assessment?
Voice
IQ
oral mech exam
Fluency
64
Which Pattern; "A fricative or affricate is replaced with a stop."
Stopping
Fronting
65
Which of the following is TRUE about children’s performance on naming tasks?
They perform equally well on all tasks
They perform better with line drawings than photographs
They tend to perform better on imitative tasks than spontaneous ones
They avoid single syllable words
66
Which pattern "A non-nasal sound becomes a nasal because of another nasal in the word."
Velar assimilation
Liquidization
Labial assimilation
Nasal Assimilation
67
Which pattern "A velar sound (/k/, /g/) is replaced by an alveolar sound (/t/, /d/)."
Deaffrication
Backing
Velar Fronting
sttoping
68
Which pattern; "inserting an additional sound (often a vowel) between sounds in a word."
Metathesis
Epenthesis
Coalescence
none
69
/swɪm/ → [fɪm]
Epenthesis
Coalescence
Metathesis
70
Norm-referenced tests are used to....
Determine if the child can imitate a modeled production
Compare a child’s performance to a predetermined mastery level
Identify specific phoneme errors
Compare a child’s score to a normative group of same-age peers
71
when a child hears and repeats a phrase incorrectly, like saying “liver tea and just us” instead of “liberty and justice
Mondegreens
Eggcorn
Phonological process
Malapropism
72
Which aspect of communication might be evaluated in addition to speech production according to Mrs. Dixon?
Hearing screening
none
handwriting speed
Finger dexterity
73
Which of the following rating scores indicates that a speaker is “very intelligible”
2
1
4
5
74
What does contextual testing help determine?
The best phonetic environment for target sound production
The speed of word retrieval
The child’s grammar usage
The emotional state of the child
75
Which of the following most negatively affects intelligibility
Sound deletions
Listener familiarity
Distortions
Prosody
76
“wawa” for “water”
Partial Reduplication
Reduplication
Final Consonant Deletion
77
Which of the following best defines intelligibility?
The ease with which the listener understands the message
How well a speaker pronounces long vowels
78
/kæt/ → [tæt]
Velar Fronting
Palatal Fronting
79
Backing and glottal replacement are ______.
Typical
Atypical
80
What does the SPAA-C (Speech Participation and Activity Assessment of Children) aim to assess?
Children's performance in norm-referenced speech tasks
The impact of speech disorders on children’s participation in activities
Only articulation errors in children
Parental stress due to communication difficulties
81
Which factor does NOT directly contribute to calculating Percent of Consonants Correct (PCC)?
Number of consonants attempted
total number of syllables
Number of correct consonants
82
What is one reason a clinician should review the test manual before administering a speech test?
to compare results
to eliminate difficult words
to determine if cueing is allowed
83
In informal analysis, how many occurrences and different sounds are needed to consider a phonological process active?
2 sounds and 2 occurrences
2 sounds and 4 occurrences
4 sounds and 3 occurrences
3 sounds and 5 occurrences
84
According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982), what PCC score range is considered 'Severe'?
<50%
90-100%
85–100%
50–65%

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