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Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires (WHAP) Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires (WHAP)
Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires (WHAP)
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1
Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Protestant Reformation?
Disagreements over who would be the next pope.
Selling of Indulgences
Growing Church wealth and corruption
Simony (Selling of Church Positions)
2
Which modified version of an old idea of rulers was devised in Christian-dominated Europe in this era?
The Mandate of Heaven
The Caliphate
Caesaropapism
The Shahanshah (King of Kings)
"Divine Right" of Kings
3
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used WHAT to legitimize their rule.
Technological powers
Social powers
Economic powers
Cultural religious powers
4
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Islam
Hinduism and Buddhism
Islam and Confucianism
Christianity and Judaism
5
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
6
Tax farming
often led to increased corruption but also allowed for....
Increasing government debts
Decreasing tax burdens on peasants
Loyalty among local elites/bureaucrats
Shrinking government expenses
7
Why was the Ottoman capture of Constantinople from the Byzantines so significant?
They wanted it to build pasture land for their horses.
It was their original home & they wanted it back.
It was the most important religious site of their empire.
It was a strategic and lucrative port along the Indian Ocean network
It provided legitimacy as the former Roman/Byzantine capital
8
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Abolished al forms of slavery within the empire.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army and bureacracy.
9
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
10
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
11
What new type of monarchy expanded the power in the hands of the king in BOTH land and maritime empires?
Feudalism
Limited Monarchy
Oligarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Theocracy
Constitutional Monarchy
12
Context: BEFORE 1450, identify the largest land-based empire in history - its methods inspired later states.
Russian Empire
Mongol Empire
Han Dynasty
Roman Empire
13
How did most/all imperial governments attempt to mitigate rampant corruption within their bureaucracies?
Recruited through meritocracy
Allowed for more local autonomy of elites
Accepted bribes for high positions
Allowed bureaucrats to inherit positions and titles
14
Gunpowder reduced the power of nobles/elites in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Kings could equip larger armies more cheaply.
Kings no longer required professional soldiers (knights) for armies
Stone/ wooden castles of elites became obsolete
Gunpowder weapons had to be imported from the East
15
This Middle Eastern empire, centered in Persia, followed Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
C) Safavid Empire
E) Russian Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
16
How did religion experience a MAJOR change in Early Modern Europe?
Protestants split from Catholics
The Great Schism created the E. Orthodox Church
Christians united in a series of Crusades
Large portions of Europe converted to Islam
17
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
18
Although the Qing accepted most aspects of Chinese culture, what symbol of their culture were natives forced to adopt?
Manchu haircuts (the queue)
Manchu architecture
Manchu cuisine and dwellings
Manchu religious beliefs
19
Czar Catherine's policy of expelling Jewish peoples and forcing them into the
Pale of Settlement
is an example of...
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Oppression of minorities
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
20
In Moscow. Built by Czar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
Versailles
Taj Mahal
St. Basil's Cathedral
Hagia Sophia
Red Fort
Forbidden City
21
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Daoist/Confucian layout!
Hagia Sophia
Winter Palace
Taj Mahal
Red Fort
Versailles
Forbidden City
22
This South Asian empire was ruled by Sunni Muslims over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant overall.
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
E) Russian Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
23
Guru Nanak founded the syncretic Sikh religion in which region c. 1500 CE?
East Asia
Central Asia
South Asia
Russia
Middle East
Southeast Asia
24
Which one of the following is NOT an example of Akbar the Great's toleration of minorities in the Mughal Empire?
The ban on the Hindu practice of Sati
The recruitment of Zamindars into the Mughal bureaucracy
The Hindu exemption from the Jizya
The "Divine Faith" policy designed to attract many religions
25
A Byzantine cathedral, converted into a Sunni mosque by Mehmet the Conqueror. Other mosques in Istanbul emulated it.
Hagia Sophia
Taj Mahal
Red Fort
St. Basil's Cathedral
Versailles
Forbidden City
26
Mughal tolerance of Hindu
zamindars
(landowners) and
rajas
(local governors) is an example of how empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue
27
How are land-empires different from maritime empires of the Early Modern Era?
Only maritime empires relied on gunpowder techs.
Land Empires were not separated by oceans.
Only maritime empires sponsored state religions to rule
Only land empires constructed monumental architecture
28
Which of the following is TRUE about insurrections against land-based empires of Afro-Eurasia?
They were all brutally defeated
Absolute monarchies created parliaments for the elites
They created democratic reforms
Taxes rates were reduced as a result
29
This empire was established in East Asia by a nomadic group called the Manchus who largely adopted Confucianism.
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
E) Russian Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
30
How did the Ottomans defeat the Byzantines, the Russians defeat the Khanates, the Mughals defeat the Delhi Sultanate...?
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
Gunpowder
31
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
32
ALL of the following are MAJOR changes that took place during the Early Modern Era EXCEPT:
Intensification of Coerced Systems of Labor and Production
Strengthening of Imperial Rule through Gunpowder
The Decline of Eastern World Powers
Globalization of Trade- Exchanges
33
What was a POLITICAL reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to stop khanates and pastoralists from collecting tributes
34
Czar Peter the Great's construction of St. Petersburg, along with ports, defensive walls, and canals is an example of...
Oppression of minorities
Developed military professionals.
Improved infrastructure and trade
Recruitment of bureaucratic elites
35
Which of the following was NOT a specific NEW gunpowder tech. introduced from 1450-1750?
The bombard/seige cannon
The machine gun
The star fort
The musket
36
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It had a smaller Muslim society governing over a larger Hindu population.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu numerical minority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
37
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Winter Palace
Forbidden City
Versailles
Hagia Sophia
Red Fort
Taj Mahal
38
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Song Dynasty
The Persians
The Byzantines
The Romans
The Aztecs
The Egyptians
39
A expansive palace complex built by King Louis XIV of France to symbolize his authority as "the Sun King".
Versailles
Forbidden City
St. Basil's Cathedral
Red Fort
Hagia Sophia
Taj Mahal
40
Despite the growing size and intensity of rebellions among peasants and nobles against monarchs, what was the RESULT?
REVOLUTION!
REFORM!
SUCCESS!
FAILURE!
41
When did the Early Modern (Gunpowder) Era take place in world history?
c.600-1450
c.1200-1450
c.1450-1750
c.1750-1900
42
Which of the following was an EFFECT of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
A complete collapse of the Catholic Church in Europe
Rivalries between European states intensified (i.e. 30 Years War)
A decline in religious fervor/identity
Increasing tolerance of new faiths and doctrines
43
This empire, founded by nomadic Turks, practiced Sunni Islam. Defeated Byzantine Empire using gunpowder.
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
E) Russian Empire
44
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
45
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.