The authority to make a decision between two or more choices.

According to the text, which of the following represents the first step in the process of ethical analysis?

Determining if there is any relevant law

According to the conflict paradigm:

those who control major social institutions determine how crime is defined.

What ethical principle, based on Brady v. Maryland (1963), is at stake, and what should the prosecutor do?

The obligation to disclose exculpatory evidence

what does the concept of 'discretion' signify, and at which stages is it exercised?

ability to make choices and exists at legislative, enforcement, prosecution

What is Categorical Imperative?

A concept developed by Immanuel Kant as part of deontological moral theory

What is Professional Ethics?

Ethical standards and principles specific to a profession, guiding conduct

What is Utilitarianism?

greatest good = max happy number of people

Legal paternalism refers to:

laws that protect individual from hurting themselves.

A concept developed by Immanuel Kant as part of deontological moral theory

What is a criticism of the crime control method of policing?

There is a possibility of error.

What is Virtue Ethics?

emphasizes an individual's character as the key element of ethical thinking

The power or right to make decisions based on one’s own judgment.

Which of the following situations is not an example of an ethical issue?

A prosecutor deciding which charges to file in a particular case

there are five essential elements to the definition of punishment. Which of the following is not one of these five?

person who is punished has been identified and judged by his/her victim.

In Social Contract Theory, what is the rationale behind individuals agreeing to sacrifice certain liberties?

offers collective security and enforces restrictions on everyone.

Which of the following is not an aspect of Rawls's theory of justice?

Freedom from government interference

Legal moralism refers to:

laws that protect societal morals.

The study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.

Which of the following is not an example of an ethical issue as defined in the text?

How to punish one's teenage child for skipping school

What is the primary difference between ethics and morals?

Morals refer to personal beliefs, while ethics is the study

Positivist law refers to:

those laws written and enforced by society.

Which of the following statements is an example of a categorical imperative?

Catholic priests must never be married.

A system of beliefs about what is right and wrong that guides behavior.

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PA 331 - Final Exam

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Questions 37

Answers

1
What is discretion?
The unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed from a role.
The right to inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance.
The authority to make a decision between two or more choices.
The use of physical coercion to overcome the will of the individual.
2
According to the text, which of the following represents the first step in the process of ethical analysis?
Collecting input from others
Considering the possible outcomes
Determining if there is any relevant law
Reviewing any relevant policies
3
According to the conflict paradigm:
law serves as a tool of unification
those who control major social institutions determine how crime is defined.
law arises from minority interest groups but shared interests may shift
law contributes to the collective conscience
4
The first step necessary to clarify any dilemma is to ___.
interview all those involved
identify of potential values involved
review all the facts
identify all possible moral dilemmas
5
Souryal defines malfeasance as
unethical acts done for the betterment of society.
acts that violate authority.
acts of omission.
illigitimate acts done for personal gain.
6
What ethical principle, based on Brady v. Maryland (1963), is at stake, and what should the prosecutor do?
The principle of utilitarianism
The obligation to disclose exculpatory evidence
The imperative principle
The principle of noble-cause corruption
7
The belief that murder is inherently wrong is an example of:
Good Samaritan law.
natural law.
formal law.
positivist law.
8
what does the concept of 'discretion' signify, and at which stages is it exercised?
ability to make choices and exists at legislative, enforcement, prosecution
It implies a lack of choice, following rigid guidelines
Discretion is the power to make legal decisions solely in the court.
Discretion refers to the adherence to strict legal protocols at all stages.
9
According to the text, injury to the frontal lobe of the brain can result in all of the following except:
a difficulty following directions.
tactless behavior.
memory loss.
decreased attention span.
10
What is Categorical Imperative?
ethical theory based on rules (duties)
A concept developed by Immanuel Kant as part of deontological moral theory
The power or right to make decisions based on one’s own judgment.
emphasizes an individual's character as the key element of ethical thinking
11
What is Professional Ethics?
A system of beliefs about what is right and wrong that guides behavior.
The study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.
Ethical standards and principles specific to a profession, guiding conduct
greatest good = max happy number of people
12
What is Utilitarianism?
A system of beliefs about what is right and wrong that guides behavior.
Ethical standards and principles specific to a profession, guiding conduct
The study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.
greatest good = max happy number of people
13
The concept of __________ is primarily one of balance.
procedural justice
retributive justice
substantive justice
distributive justice
14
Legal paternalism refers to:
laws that protect children against their parents.
laws that protect individual from hurting themselves.
laws that guarantee the rights of the father.
laws that protect societal morals.
15
Modeling and reinforcement are both elements of:
Learning Theory
moral disengagement theory.
Kohlberg's moral stages theory.
ethical fading.
16
What is Deontology?
emphasizes an individual's character as the key element of ethical thinking
ethical theory based on rules (duties)
A concept developed by Immanuel Kant as part of deontological moral theory
The power or right to make decisions based on one’s own judgment.
17
What is a criticism of the crime control method of policing?
There is a possibility of error.
The emphasis is on process of justice, not innocent people.
It is too soft on crime.
It overvalues finality.
18
What is Virtue Ethics?
The power or right to make decisions based on one’s own judgment.
emphasizes an individual's character as the key element of ethical thinking
A concept developed by Immanuel Kant as part of deontological moral theory
ethical theory based on rules (duties)
19
What does a teleological ethical system judge?
The consequences of a thought
The comparative virtues of an ethical system
The totality of a life
The consequences of an act
20
Ethical issues involve broad social questions, often concerning the government's social control mechanisms and ___.
Influence of Religion
Public Opinion
Impact on those being Governed
Cost of the Public
21
Utilitarianism is specifically aligned with:
individual freedoms.
the public good.
categorical imperatives.
human relationships and needs.
22
What is Due Process?
The power or right to make decisions based on one’s own judgment.
emphasizes an individual's character as the key element of ethical thinking
A concept developed by Immanuel Kant as part of deontological moral theory
ethical theory based on rules (duties)
23
Which of the following situations is not an example of an ethical issue?
A legislature deciding what sentences to attach to certain crimes
A chief of police enacting a policy meant to reduce racial profiling
A prosecutor deciding which charges to file in a particular case
A governor signing a bill that would decriminalize the use of soft drugs
24
there are five essential elements to the definition of punishment. Which of the following is not one of these five?
person who inflicts the punishment has been authorized
person who is punished has been identified and judged by his/her victim.
at least two persons involved.
person who inflicts the punishment
25
Which of the following is a priority of the crime control method of policing?
Community service
Social justice
Coercion
Efficiency
26
In Social Contract Theory, what is the rationale behind individuals agreeing to sacrifice certain liberties?
offers collective security and enforces restrictions on everyone.
disengage from societal obligations and focus on personal interests.
enhance individual freedoms without any restrictions.
allow the government to exercise absolute power.
27
Retributive justice is best described by what term?
Healing
Deterrence
Balance
Compensation
28
Which of the following is not an aspect of Rawls's theory of justice?
Utilitarian principles
Freedom from government interference
Concern for the least advantaged members of society
Concern for rights
29
Legal moralism refers to:
laws that protect individual from hurting themselves.
laws that protect societal morals.
laws that protect children against their parents.
laws that guarantee the rights of the father.
30
What is Ethics?
The study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.
A system of beliefs about what is right and wrong that guides behavior.
Ethical standards and principles specific to a profession, guiding conduct
greatest good = max happy number of people
31
Which of the following is not an example of an ethical issue as defined in the text?
Whether to abolish the death penalty
How to punish one's teenage child for skipping school
Whether to legally recognize same-sex marriages
How to deal with an influx of immigrants
32
What is the primary difference between ethics and morals?
Morals refer to personal beliefs, while ethics is the study
Morals are legally binding, whereas ethics are not.
Ethics apply only to legal professionals, while morals apply to all
Ethics and morals are interchangeable
33
Positivist law refers to:
those laws that regulate natural rights.
those laws written and enforced by society.
the idea that laws are not human-made and are discovered by reason.
the idea that principles of morals are inherent in nature.
34
Which of the following statements is an example of a categorical imperative?
Catholic priests must never be married.
Killing is occasionally justifiable.
The ends must always justify the means.
If you find a dollar on the street, you may keep it.
35
The concept of "just deserts" is a primary concern of:
distributive justice.
utilitarian theory.
substantive justice.
Marxist theory.
36
The authority to use physical coercion to overcome the will of the individual is the definition of ___
duty.
force.
persuasion.
authority.
37
What is Morality?
The study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.
greatest good = max happy number of people
Ethical standards and principles specific to a profession, guiding conduct
A system of beliefs about what is right and wrong that guides behavior.

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