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College Biology Sem 1 Final
College Biology Sem 1 Final
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1
If a cell is an isotonic environment, then which of the following is true?
The cell will gain water and burst.
Osmosis still occurs, but no net gain or loss of cell volume
No water will move across the membrane. No effect.
The cell will lose water and shrink.
2
How do polar covalent bonds differ from nonpolar covalent bonds?
P.C electrons are shared equally between atoms
NPC have a large different in electronegativity values
NPC bonds always have a charge attraction
PC have a large difference in electronegativity values
3
An atom with more electrons than protons is called
a anion
an isotope
an element
a cation
4
A molecule of DNA and RNA is a polymer of
amino acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
fatty acids
5
The E associated with a molecule of glucose is stored in its
electrons
protons
carbon atoms
chemical bonds
6
All cells have all of the following except--
cytoplasm
cell wall
plasma membrane
genetic material
7
What chemical bond is responsible for linking amino acids together to form a protein?
Hydrogen
Peptide
Beta 1-4, linkage
Phosphodiester
8
Which of the following structure-function pair is mismatched?
microtubules; muscle contraction
Golgi; secretion of cell products
ribosome; protein synthesis
lysosome; intracellular digestion
9
Which of the following occurs during anaphase I?
sister chromatids are separated and move to the poles
Homo. Chromo. move to opposite poles
All chromosomes align independently at the middle of cell
hmo. Chromo. align at the middle of the cell
10
What is activation energy?
The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
The E released through the active breaking of chemical bonds
The thermal energy from random movements of molecules
The difference in free energy between reactants and products
11
An atoms with a net positive charge must have
more electrons than protons
more protons than neutrons
more protons than electrons
more electrons than neutrons
12
Where in the chloroplast would you find the highest concentration of protons?
in the antenna complex
in the lumen of the thylakoid
in the stroma
in the intermembrane space
13
Why are carbs important molecules for energy storage?
can form ring structures in aqueous environment of a cell
The double bonds between C and O are very strong
The electronegativity of O atoms = carb has many polar bonds
The C-H bonds found in carbs store energy
14
Which of the following is NOT associated with the thylakoid membrane?
photosystem II
b6-f complex
ATP synthase
rubisco
15
Which phase of meiosis I is most similar to the comparable phase in mitosis?
metaphase I
anaphase I
prophase I
telophase I
16
Which carbohydrate would you find as a part of a molecule of RNA?
galactose
deoxyribose
ribose
glucose
17
The colors of light that are most effective for photosynthesis are
infrared and ultraviolet
green, yellow, and orange
all colors of light are equally effective
red, blue, and violet
18
The majority of ATP produced during aerobic respiration is made by
the movement of H ions through an ATP synthase
the electrons carried by NADH
autophosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
19
What holds complementary nucleotides together?
ionic bonds
peptide bonds
H bonds
phosphodiester bonds
20
The Cell Theory states
cells are small
all living things are made up of cells
cells are highly organized
There is only one basic type of cell
21
Which region of a chloroplast is associated with the capture of light energy?
outer membrane
thylakoid membrane and stroma
stroma
thylakoid membrane
22
Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells?
cellulose
mitochondria
centrioles
chloroplasts
23
The property that distinguishes one atom from another atom is
the number of neutrons
the number of electrons
the combined number of protons and neutrons
the number of protons
24
Gametes contain ____ the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.
one fourth
half
the same
twice
25
The manufacture of new proteins = _____, & the production of mRNA corresponding to a gene = ___
termination; translation
transcription; translation
transfer; translation
translation; transcription
26
RNA polymerase binds to a ______ to initiate ______.
promoter; transcription
primer; transcription
mRNA; translation
transcription factor; translation
27
How is polymer broken down into monomers?
by the removal of an -OH and an H atom
by the addition of an -OH and an H atom
From the growth of of the chain of C atoms
through H bonding
28
If an atoms has one valence electron, it will most likely form
two covalent bonds
two nonpolar, covalent bonds
an ionic bond
one polar, covalent bond
29
The probability of obtaining the genotype bb from a cross between two parents with genotype Bb.
1/4
1/2
0
1/8
30
Which type of cell would provide the best opportunity to study lysosomes?
bacterial cell
muscle cell
white blood cell
nerve cell
31
Replication of organelles of EUK cell occurs during
S
interphase
G1
G2
32
Why is cytokinesis an important part of the cell division?
responsible for elongation of cell
Responsible for proper separation of genetic info
triggers movement of cell through cell cycle
responsible for proper separation of cytoplasmic conents
33
Which of the following processes is/are required for the complete oxidation of glucose?
all of the above
Krebs cycle
pyruvate oxidation
glycolysis
34
What is the relationship between mutations and evolution?
Mutations can create new alleles
Mutations happened early in evolution, but not now
Mutations make genes better
There is no relationship between evo and genetic mutations
35
The function of the Calvin cycle is to
fix carbon
convert glucose to CO2, yielding energy
synthesize RuBP
absorb light energy
36
Which of the following is not a protein?
insulin
hemoglobin
cholesterol
enzyme
37
Proteins can move from the Golgi apparatus to
the extracellular fluid
lysosomes
transport vesicles
all of the above
38
How do sister chromatids differ from homologous chromosomes?
Homo. chromo. are exact copies, sister chromatids = similar
Homo. chromo. = similar, but sister chromatids = exact
Sister chromatids only represent maternal genetic side
sister chromatids are only half the genetic info stored
39
The description of a membrane as "fluid mosaic" means
membranes are made of proteins and lipids & can freely move
water molecules make up the membrane
membrane is a mosaic of phospholipids and proteins
phospholipids that make up the membrane can move
40
The isotopes C14 and C12 differ in
both the number of protons and electrons
the number of neutrons
the number of electrons
the number of protons
41
A scientific theory is
both a guess and a belief
a guess about how things work in the world
a belief held by many scientists
a statement that is supported by experimental data
42
Which of the following is NOT a property of life?
order
energy utilization
homeostasis
movement
43
Separation of sister chromatids and elongation of the cell occurs during
prometaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
44
What happens to the electrons carried by NADH and FADH2?
pumped into the intermembrane space
transferred to the ATP synthase
moved between proteins in the inner membrane of mitochondria
transported into matrix of mitochondria
45
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
one gene encodes only one polypeptide
Info passes from DNA to protein
Info passes from DNA to RNA to protein
DNA is the genetic material
46
What is a nucleosome?
region of chromosome made of multiple loops of chromatin
regio in cell's nucleus that contains euchromatin
it is a 30-nm fiber found in chromatin
region of DNA wound around histone proteins
47
The process of inductive reasoning involves
use of gen. principles to support a hypothesis
generation of specific predictions based on a belief system
the use of gen. principals to predict a specific result
use of specific observations to develop general principles
48
Which of the following atoms would you predict could be a cation?
Boron (B)
Helium (He)
Potassium (K)
Fluorine (F)
49
During a redox reaction the molecule that gains an electron has been
reduced and now has a higher E level
oxidized and now has a higher energy level
oxidized and now has a lower E level
reduced and now has a lower energy level
50
The appearance of the F1 generation of PP (purple) x pp (white) were?
F1 plants had light purple or blended appearance
All F1 plants had white flowers
Most (3/4) had purple flowers, but 1/4 had white flowers
All F1 plants had purple flowers
51
Which of the following does not contribute to genetic diversity?
recombination
metaphase of meiosis II
independent assortment
metaphase of meiosis I
52
In which domain of life would you find only single-celled organisms?
eukarya
bacteria
archaea
bacteria and archaea
53
Which of the following is a mechanism for things leaving a cell?
endocytosis
phagocytosis
exocytosis
pinocytosis
54
When a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits the effect is called
incomplete dominance
codominance
epistasis
pleiotropy
55
Which is the correct order of hierarchical levels of living systems?
Cellular, molecular, population, ecosystem, biosphere
cellular, organismal, population, community, ecosystem
cellular, organelle, organs, ecosystems, populations
species, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
56
How is the process of natural selection different from that of artificial selection?
N.S makes an individual better adapted
A.S results in better adaptations
A.S is a result of human intervention
N.S produces more variation
57
An ionic bond is held together by
attractions between ions of the same charge
attractions between ions of opposite charges
shared valence electrons
charge attractions between valence electrons
58
The most important factor that limits the size of a cell is
the surface-area-to-volume ratio
the amount of proteins and organelles made by a cell
the amount of DNA in the cell
the rate of diffusion
59
An organism is said to be diploid if
it is multicellular
contains genetic info from two parents
it reproduces
undergoes mitotic cell division
60
Growth of the developing embryo involves rapid______ cell divisions.
meiotic
binary fission
mitotic
sexual
61
Which of the following membrane proteins does NOT relay on diffusion to function?
an ion channel protein
aquaporin
a carrier protein
Na+/K+ pump
62
If one strand of of a DNA molecule has the sequence GATTACA, the complementary strand will be?
CTAGTAT
ACATTAG
CTAATGT
CATTACA
63
Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
pyrimidine uracil
purine adenine
phosphate groups
five-carbon sugars
64
What is the role of NAD+ in the process of cellular respiration?
enzyme
final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration
nucleotide source for synthesis of ATP
electron carrier
65
A substance with a high concentration of hydrogen ions is
called a base
called an acid
both an acid and high pH
has a high pH
66
Which of the following properties of water is NOT a consequence of its ability to form H bonds?
cohesiveness
neutral pH
ability to function as a solvent
high specific heat
67
How does S phase following meiosis I differ from S phase in mitosis?
DNA replication takes more time due to cohesion proteins
DNA replication takes less time because cell is haploid
there is no difference
DNA does not replicate during S phase following meiosis I
68
The molecule of DNA is important to biological systems because
it forms a complex, double-helical structure
nucleotides form genes
it encodes the information for making a new individual
it can be replicated
69
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
Euk cells have evolved from Prok cells.
Cells come from other cells by division.
Cells are the smallest living things.
All organisms made of one or more cells.
70
The movement of water across a membrane is depended on
membrane potential
the solute concentration
the solvent concentration
the presence of carrier proteins
71
What makes cellulose different from starch?
starch is insoluble, and cellulose is soluable
Starch produced by plants, cellulose produced by animals
Cellulose forms long filaments, starch is highly branched
all of the above
72
Kinetochores are associated with which of the following on a sister chromatid?
centriole
centromere
cohesion
condensation
73
When homologous chromosomes form chiasmata, they are
replicating their chromatids
exchanging genetic information
separating their sister chromatids
reproducing their DNA
74
If a DNA strand is GATTACA, what would the complementary mRNA strand be?
GAAAAAAG
AGUGUA
CTAATGU
CUAAUGU
75
The adaptation of fixing CO2 from the atmosphere at night is characteristic of
C4 plants
all of the above
C3 plants
CAM plants
76
An autotroph is an organism that
Extracts E from organic sources & converts E from sun> chem
extracts energy from organic sources
converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy
relies on the E produced by other organisms as an E source
77
The Krebs cycle occurs in which region of a mitochondria?
outer membrane
intermembrane space
matrix
inner membrane
78
Each amino acid in a protein is specified by
a promoter
a molecule of mRNA
multiple genes
a codon
