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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II
APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II
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1
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Native American and African cultures
Christianity and Islam
2
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
The Americas
South Asia
Middle East
East Asia
3
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
4
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
5
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
6
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
7
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
8
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
The Silk Road
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Regional trade in the Americas
9
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
10
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
11
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1676
1606
1571
1514
12
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
13
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
14
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
15
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
16
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
17
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
18
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
China
Middle East
South Asia
Russia
19
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
20
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
21
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
22
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Islam
Christianity and Judaism
Islam and Confucianism
23
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
East Asian Buddhism
African Yoruba Shamanism
Spanish Catholicism
Native American Animism
24
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Enlightenment
The Age of Exploration
The Scientific Revolution
The Artistic Renaissance
25
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
26
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
27
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
28
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
Russian Empire
Spanish Empire
German Empire
French Empire
29
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
30
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
31
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
32
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
33
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
34
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
35
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
36
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Mughals
the Safavids
the Manchu Qing
the Ottomans
37
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
38
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
mit'a
chattel slavery
indentured servitude
encomienda
39
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
40
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
41
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
42
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
43
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
silver-backed currencies.
colonies in the Americas.
caravels using lateen sails.
44
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
45
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
46
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
47
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
48
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
49
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
50
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Bows and arrows
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
Infantry with shields and swords
Horse saddles & stirrups
51
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
52
The "casta system" was
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
a racially based social hierarchy.
an economic system.
a Latin American card game.
53
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
54
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
55
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
56
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
57
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Indentured Servitude
Mit'a
Chattel Slavery
Encomienda System
58
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
59
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
60
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Sunni vs. Shia
Protestants vs. Catholics
Hindus vs. Muslims
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
61
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
62
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
63
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
64
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
65
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Egyptian Empire
Han Dynasty
66
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
67
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
68
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
69
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
70
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Social powers
Technological powers
Cultural religious powers
Economic powers
71
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
72
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
73
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
74
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
75
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
76
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
77
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created taxation systems
Generated Revenue through trade
78
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
79
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
80
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
