Teaching Listening

Encourage overlearning through focus on selected formal features.

Promote flexibility among students in adopting the listening strategies.

Global listening selections should be longer than selective listening.

Assessment as learning

Use listening after other activities.

Global listening selections must be one to three minutes only.

Assessment for learning

The top-down listening processes are triggered by the sounds, words, and phrases the listener hears.

One principle of teaching listening is: consider the text, difficulty, and authenticity of the materials.

Assessment of learning

Include exercises which build both recognition and retention, means:

Top-down listening processes are driven by listener's expectations and understandings of the context, topic.