4th Quarter Benchmark Review

Magma that is forced across rock layers hardens into a 

When you touch a hot pot or pan, energy moves from the pot to your hand. This is called

The place where two plates come together is known as a 

A coastline turns and interrupts longshore drift, sand deposits in a fingerlike landfrom called

The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is

When the heat source is removed from a fluid, convection currents in the fluid will

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

Landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep are all examples of

The main hazard from a quiet volcanic eruption is

When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called a

A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust is called a

Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from

Holes drilled into Earth's crust provide evidence about Earth's interior in the form of

Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's

Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are called

A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range is called a(n)

The Earth's crust at Owens Valley in California is under tension, resulting in

As more water flows through a river, its speed will

How would a fast-flowing river be most likely to move sand-sized particles of sediment?

Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by 

Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because

The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

The land between two normal faults moves upward to form a

What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an eruption?

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of

A river flowing across a wide flood plain begins to form looplike bends called

According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,

A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a colliding boundary produces a

Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth's interior is made of several

Geologists infer from the rounded, eroded shapes of the Appalachian Mountains that

Geologists know that wherever plate movement stores energy in the rock along faults

Deltas are built up by

In a strike-slip fault, rocks on either side slip past each other sideways with little

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

The volcanoes along colliding oceanic plate boundaries may form

The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of the United States because

Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth's interior by

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called

Earth's inner core is 

A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

Volcanic belts form along

What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?

The transfer of energy through empty space is called 

If waves erode the soft rock along the base of a steep coast, the result may eventually be a

Earth's mantle is

A permeable rock weathers easily because it

When groundwater heated by magma rises to the surface & collects in a natural pool, it's called

When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, the result is a 

Which type of evidence was NOT used by Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called

Mass movement is caused by

A river flows from an area of harder rock to softer rock which wears away, eventually forming a

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle

A rock made of iron becomes soft, crumbly, &reddish-brown. It has been chemically weathered by

Weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a

The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a 

Geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant slow motion

When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano's vent resulting in a