Psycholinguistics is making me psycho-final pt2

model that starts with letter to left of the word and proceeds through each letter; predicts the processing of the word

words with similar spelling patterns to target a word but only have one letter difference

this model states that biling. learners make connections thru L1 after concept. and memoriz./long term memory are used

this model states that connections go only through the concept and not L1

neural network models with 3 units, 3 units are used to decode words, orthographic, phonology, and word meaning

rules are explained to the learner and include sitting down and learning language by teacher

the segmentation problem is

at _________ months infants learn segmentation

word length effect states...

rapid eye movement, Brings all parts of what we are reading in the center of our vision to detect the details 

English is not an alphabetic language

Adults will skip predictable function words bc the text will give us that info

recognition for low freq words are impacted by size- greater the neighborhood, greater impact and vice versa

the three labels for words

movements of the gaze to the left

nouns are more complex to understand compared to verbs

when the child uses the syntactic cues of lang around to learn word meaning, know word order they can figure out lang

there should be one label per object but if there is more than one there must be some difference in meaning

__________ dyslexia greater diff with reading exception words (pint) than a non word (plood);

being bilingual improves analysis of sentence structure, reading, exec. control, and response inhibition

inconsistency begins at the beginning there is a diff from when it occurs at end; “general” is g a hard or soft phoneme 

relationship between the written letter and the spoken sound, or the knowledge of letter/sound connection

what are the approaches to reading

memory and motor skills decrease as age gets older bc of more explicit instruction and accented speech

CM states that it takes the same amt of time for speakers to label or translate, and this is the most accurate

the word superiority effect is bottom up

pronunciation of the word follows the spelling rules

this model states that you can translate without a concept and is faster bc it only uses lexical links

infants have a drive to attend to and process speech sounds

_______ translation is when the speaker starts with l1 and translates to l2; _____ translation is l2 and going to l1

toddlers 17-18 mos cannot take phonotactic patterns and associate them with pictures using statistical learning

____________ says that infants will use info about stress to identify word boundaries

ability to learn a new concept or word with minimal exposure while the word in in context

to re-read text we use regressive saccades

the two principles for learning to read are

at _____ months infants exposed to English respond to trochaic words, _____ will use knowledge of segment. to new langs

area where working mem and phono processing occurs, area where activation for phono code is used

the orthographic route takes visual code of the exception word, activates lexicon, activates the correct pronunciation 

only ____% of language a child hears is at the word level

DRC (dual-route cascade) and single route models are used for visual word processing

bilingual learners are worse off with academic achievement and reading skills

infants 6-8 mos. exposed to parentese outperformed infants that only received adult speech

what parts of the brain are involved in bilingualism

the sequence of letters are aligning the sequence of phonemes; the phonemes must match with the letters we see

by ____ months infants can perceive non-native phono contrasts and take them out

at ____ months children cannot understand words in sentences but at ___ months they can

long time periods where the eyes are stationary followed by short, rapid movement 

_________ gets higher as age increases but ______ stays the same as age increase

DRC ____ dyslexia occurs bc damage to phono route and sound out words; ____ due to damage of direct route impact reading

direct and intentional instruction for the letter and sound skills; how your mouth feels/ what you see when you make

we can read how many words per minute

at __ months infants can detect prosodic patterns

infants focus their attention on one language after birth and do not have a broad system

recognition of letters in the words are easier when it’s a true word rather than non words- makes reading easier

the whole language approach is beneficial for children struggling with reading

Words in a consistent neighborhood will be faster to read bc it maintains the pattern 

using knowldg. of patterns in complex stimuli to analyze speech; distribution of phonemes for the generation of the word

an enhanced ability to disregard irrelevant when preforming a task

adults will skip content words when reading

learning on your own through exposure and without direct instruction

the brain can organize languages upon exposure before using the lang

_____________ pronunciation used for assess. but not instruction. shows the pt. knowledge of letter/sound correspondence

complex process that requires coordination of graphemes, letters, and grapheme/phoneme connection, and lexical access

movements of the gaze to the RIGHT 

the difference between the output of the phonological unit vs what was intended

law that states high frequency words tend to be shorter

interlingual monographs...

the ability to distinguish the letters and details 

when we read, we are also taking in the next how many letters at the same time

Low freq words are impacted by regularity effect

the word superiority effect states

the different sounds for "k" and "c" (hard/soft) are examples of deep orthography

words that have one letter diff in the same position but diff pronunciation is created “tint” “mint” PINT uses /aI/

organic approach to alphabetic princip. thru exposure and immersion of literature; not systematic or explicit approaches

all words have tangible objects

_______ dyslexia is greater diff reading non words than exception words

words that have only one letter difference, letter is in the same position “tide” “ride” “hide” “wide”

We need more time when there are inconsistencies at the beg. of word than at end of word bc the lexicon is not activated

dyslexia is rooted in the _________ component of language

_____-_______ looks at reading as a unified network where different types of damage impacts reading

assumption when learning words that no two words have the same meaning, ”stem” is part of the apple but not the apple