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Radiation Protection
Radiation Protection
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#Radiology104 #Radiation Protection
Flashcards
58 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
In 1907 the snook transformer was created
false
true
2
Radiographic exam should be preformed only after the 1st 10days following onset menstrual cycle
Standard policy
10 Day rule
Apart of quality control standards
11 Day rule
3
Only exception to having a permanent dosimetry record
When another tech doesn't have their own
There are no exceptions
Disaster type event
When life or valueable assest are at risk of being destroyed
4
The excited electrons absorb and store energy and are trapped in higher energy levels
AL
Aluminum
Lithium Fluride
Lithium Fluoride(LiF)
5
100 mrem per year is the average cumulative dose of ____
Cancer patients
Pregnant women
Radiographers
Patients
6
Radiopaque material contoured to enclose the testicles
Shaped conact
Shadow shield
All the above
Flat contact
7
Occupational exposure dose for lens of the Eye
500 mSv or 50 rem
150 mSv or .15 rem
15 mSv or 150 rem
150 mSv or 15 rem
8
Types of Radiation Source
The Hulk
Natural(49%)
Man-Made(51%)
Natural(49%) & Man-Made(51%)
9
Generally used on body parts greater than 10cm in thickness
Inherent filtration
Total filtration
Grids
Added filtration
10
Controlled area is a area...
occupied by anyone
occupied by radiologist only
occupied by patients only
occupied by radiology personnel and patients
11
Minimum of 1/16 inch lead equivalent
Secondary barrier
Primary barrier
12
National council on Radation protection(NCRP) established what?
The councils charter
Public Law 88-376
Advise the president with respect to radiation
The minimum standards by the federal government
13
Radiation intensity that will create 2.58x10
8
ion pairs in a cubic centimeter of air
1 Becquerel
1 Roentgen
1 Gray
1 Curies
14
The LiF Crystals release energy in the form of visible light
TLD
LiF
Thermoluminescent Detectors
Lif
15
Control both is a __
Secondary barrier
Primary barrier
16
Crystalline Lattice become excited and rearrange when ionizing interacts
Lithium Floride
LiF
Aluminum
Lead
17
What does ALARA stand for?
none of the above
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
As Long As We Pass
As Long As Reasonably Achievable
18
Types(s)of shielding that must have a sterile field and used on incapacitated patients
Flat contact
All the above
Shaped contact
Shadow contact
19
Why should shielding be used
Decrease patient dose
Reduce the radiation exposure to the reproductive system
All the above
Reduce risk of genetic defects
20
First x-ray fatality in United States
Thomas Edison
Severe radiation injury that resulted in amputation of Arms
Dally Clarance
Clarance Dally died in 1904
21
what did the Coolidge tube do
Reduce injury
Neither
Both
Allow great accuracy with the use of a vacuum tube
22
Three cardinal principles of radiation protection
Shielding
Time
Distance
Shielding, Time, Distance (STD's)
23
Use factors include?
All of the above
Time the x-ray is on and directed towards a particular wall
Factor for a secondary barrier is always 1
1 out of 4 walls and 1 floor
24
Minimum of 1/32 inch lead equivalent
Secondary barrier
Primary barrier
25
Gas filled detectors, that measures the precise intensity of diagnostic x-ray machines
All the above
Pocket dosimeter
Scintillation detectors
Ionization chamber
26
Radiation Absorbed Dose(RAD)(Traditional) is
1 Gy= 1Rads
Rad≅1R
1R=0.87 Rad
1=3.7x1010
27
The use of radiation was increased in the
30s-40s
1900-2000
40s-50s
70s-90s
28
Units for "Dose Equivalent (EqD)"
Gy
Rad
Sievert(Sv)
Radiation Equivalent Man (REM)
29
Patient shielding should be considered for...
Children
Pregnant patients
Elderly from time to time
All patients
30
Optimizing kVp decreases skin dose by decreasing photoelectric interaction in the tissue
False
True
31
Max dose of ionizing radiation which an individual may accumulate over a long period of time
DL
LD
Limited Dose
Dose Limit
32
Unity of quantity of radioactive material(traditional)
REM
Curie(Ci)
Radioactivity
Rad
33
Helps minimize Motion
Fast screen-film combination
Appropriae patient Instructions(breathing/positioning)
Positioning devices to imobilize if necessary
Shorter exposure times
34
Filters, collimators, intensifying screens, protective apparel, protective barriers
ALARA
Protective devices
Gonads
Protective devices that ALARA uses
35
1 Gray =
100 Rad
1,000 Rad
1 Curies(Ci)
1 Rad
36
Purpose of Beam Limiting Devices (BLD)
Limit size of beam and area of exposure to patient
Reducing the harmful affects of scatter
All the above
To improve image contrast by reducing scatter
37
Lead or lead lined plate placed directly
BELOW
the x-ray tube window
Collimater
Aperture Diaphragm
Cones and cylinder
Varible Aperature Collimater
38
Radiation passing through the tube housing
Scattered radiation
Leakage radiation
Secondary radiation
Useful beam
39
Radiation that has undergone a change in direction while passing through matter
Scattered radiation
Leakage radiation
Secondary radiation
Useful beam
40
Advise the president with respect to radiation matters directly or indirectly affecting health
Public law 88-376
Public law 97-35
41
Man-Made radiation sources
Medical and Dental
All the above
Power Plants
Nuclear Fallout
42
General Public Exposure Limits
Lens of eye: 1500 mrem
Continuous or frequent exposure: 100 mrem
Infrequent exposure 500mrem
Skin, Hands, and Feet: 5000 mrem
43
What happens when a persons dose equivalent cannot be determined because it is lost or damaged
RPO will assign administrative dose for each month used
RPO orders another one
RPO must fill out paperwork on through history of device
RPO will assign administrative actions for each month lost
44
Reduced injury to patient by reducing x-ray energy and exposure time in 1913
CoolidgeTube
Snook transformer
Oil
x-ray tube
45
Radiation injuries that occur frequently in the u.s
All the above
Anemia
Epilation(hair loss)
Skin Damage
46
Most Radiation injuries are due to
Low energy x-rays, Long exposures
High x-rays, Long exposures
Low energy x-rays, High exposures
High energy x-rays, High exposures
47
Dose equivalent in SI units
1 rem = 3 Gy
1 Sv = 1 Gy
1 rem= 1 sv
1 rem = 0.01 sv
48
Most lead aprons are made of 0.5 mm of lead equivalent
False 5.0 mm
True 0.5 mm
49
DL for the worker becomes__ or __ for the period of pregnancy
500 mSv or 5 mrem
5 mSv or 500 mrem
5000 sv or 5 mrem
500 mrem or 5 mSv
50
Who and when were X-rays discovered
William Coolidge, 1913
Wilhelm Roentgen, November 8, 1895
Thomas Edison, 1898
William Ranken, January 23, 1896
51
provides the establishment of minimum standards by the federal government, and safety standards
The Patient-consumer Radiation Health and Safety act of 1981
Public law 88-376
Public law
Public law 97-35
52
Causes film in badge to fog resulting in inaccurate exposure reading
Cold
Humidity
Humidity & Temperature
Temperature
53
Glass envelope, Insulating oil, and Glass Window are components of...
Grids
Total filtration
Inherent filtration
Added filtration
54
Most common and efficient type of Beam Limiting Device (BLD)
Varible Aperature Collimater
Collimater
Aperture Diaphragm
Cones and cylinder
55
Types of shielding
All the above
Shaped contact
Flat contact
Shadow contact
56
Repeat Radiographs should not exceed 5%
False 6%
true 5%
57
Simplest type of BLD
Cones and cylinder
Aperture Diaphragm
Collimater
Varible Aperature Collimater
58
In charge of Maintenance of records
Person designated verbally by the commander
Person designated in writing by the commander
All the above
Custodian of health records or civilian employee med files
