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A & P Chapter 2 - "The Chemical Basis of Life" Flashcards | StudBud
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A & P Chapter 2 - "The Chemical Basis of Life"
A & P Chapter 2 - "The Chemical Basis of Life"
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1
Matter is composed of _____, which themselves are composed of _____.
elements; atoms
atoms; molecules
chemicals; molecules
molecules; elements
2
The unique, three dimensional structure of a protein molecule is maintained largely by
electrovalent bonds.
hydrogen bonds.
ionic bonds.
covalent bonds.
3
The formula H20 means
an atom contains 1 H molecule and 2 O molecules.
a molecule contains 1 H atom and 2 O atoms.
a molecule contains 2 H atoms and 1 O atom.
an atoms contains 2 H molecules and one O molecule.
4
The midpoint of the pH scale is pH _______.
7
8
14
0
5
The symbol Na+ represents a Na atom that has lost an electron.
True
False
6
The atoms of two kinds of elements are likely to have
the same size but different wieghts.
different sizes but the same weight.
the same size and same weight.
different sizes and different weights.
7
An enzyme is defined as a
protein that functions as a hormone.
fibrous protein that helps build tissues in the body.
protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed.
protein that speeds up chemical reactions without changing.
8
When two or more atoms bond together, a particle called a(n) ______ is formed.
neutron
molecule
compound
ion
9
The parts of the atom that lack an electrical charge are called ________.
Neutrons
Ions
Electrons
Protons
10
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
salts
cations
buffers
anions
11
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
Na, Mg, P, and K.
N, H, Mg, and K
Ca, C, O, and Na.
O, C, H, and N
12
Water is an example of a compound.
True
False
13
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
C + D -> AB
AB -> A + B
A + B -> AB
A + B -> C + D
14
Radioactive isotopes have stable nuclei.
True
False
15
Which of the following is a characteristic of carbs?
They are often stored as reserve energy supplies.
They provide much of the energy that the cell needs.
They contain C,H, and O with twice as many oxygen atoms.
All of the above.
16
Lipids are characterized by
A group of substances that are insoluble in water,
fat molecules containing C,H, & O, but the # of O is smaller
all of the above.
a # of compounds such as phospholipids, cholesterol, & fats.
17
The pH scale measures the
amounts of salts dissolved in water.
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
number of hydroxyl ions in water.
strength of an electrical current carried by a solution.
18
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?
protein
lipid
water
carbohydrate
19
A general function of nucleic acids is that
DNA is important in building fats.
DNA stores genetic information.
RNA helps synthesize nucleic acids.
RNA is important in building carbohydrates.
20
The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
8
24
16
32
21
Exposure to ionizing radiation amy cause
formation of cancer.
interference with normal development.
all of the above.
clouding of the lens of the eye.
22
Which of the following substances comprise over 95% of the human body?
C, H, O, N
Ca, P, H, N
C, P, H, N
Ca, H, O, N
23
If an atom has a total of 10 protons and 8 electrons, then the atom is electrically neutral.
True
False
24
A chemical reaction in which pairs of 2 different molecules trade positions with one another is
synthesis reaction.
decomposition reaction
exchange reaction.
reversible reaction.
25
Of all the elements known, only about 10 are needed by living things.
True
False
26
At present, about 108 elements are known.
False
True
27
Na and chloride atoms combine readily because both tend to lose electrons.
True
False
28
Chemically inert atoms always have their outermost electron shell full.
True
False
29
When atoms combine with other atoms, interactions occur between their _____.
neutrons
electrons
molecules
protons
30
Chemistry deals with
the composition of substances.
changes that occur in substances.
all of the above.
substances that make up organisms.
31
An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion.
False
True
32
A covalent bond is characterized by
one atom sharing and another atom gaining electrons.
oppositely charged atoms being attracted to each other.
All of the above.
atoms sharing pairs of electrons.
33
Atomic # is equal to the # of ______ and atomic weight is equal to the ______.
neutrons in the nucleus; number of protons plus electrons
protons in the nucleus; weight of all the electrons
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
atoms in an element; weight of all the atoms
34
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
growth of body parts.
digestion of food products.
release of energy.
neutralization of acids by buffers.
35
Organic substances are distinguished by___, where inorganic substances are distinguished by___.
do not contain C; do contain carbon
contain C; do not contain C
contain C; will not dissolve in water
are small; are very large
36
The number of protons within and atom of an element is = to its atomic weight.
True
False
37
A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of
negative electrons and positive protons are equal.
none of the above.
negatively charged electrons and neutral neutrons are equal.
positively charged protons and neutral neutrons are equal.
38
A salt is produced when an acid reacts with a base.
True
False
39
A substance that releases H ions in water is a base.
False
True
40
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
neutrons
protons.
electrons.
nuclei
41
Examples of conditions in the body that cause denaturation are
excess levels of electrolytes, heat, and water.
decomposition, exchange, and synthesis reactions.
All of the above.
excessive heat, radiation, electricity, or various chemicals
42
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
1 electron.
4 electrons.
2 electrons.
8 electrons
43
The parts of an atom that carry single negative electrical charges.
Atoms
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
44
The opposite of a decomposition reaction is called _______.
Synthesis
Exchange
Catalysts
Electrolyte
45
Which of the following is not an example of an organic substance?
enzymes
oxygen
lipids
nucleic acids
46
A general characteristic of nucleic of nucleic acids is that they are
structural molecules.
All of the above.
very small, simple molecules.
composed of building blocks called nucleotides.
47
Saturated fats are distinguished by ___, whereas unsaturated fats are distinguished by ___.
being heavy; being lighter
all C atoms joined with 1 C-C bond; 1 or more double bonds
few H atoms bonded to C atoms; more H bonded to C.
being soluble in water; being insoluble in water
48
The difference in H ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
tenfold
fivefold
twofold
twentyfold
49
Electrolytes are substances that
cannot conduct electricity in solution.
form covalent bonds with water.
are not found in the human body in any appreciable amounts.
ionize when dissolved in water.
50
The general characteristics of proteins are that they
All of the above.
contain C, H, O, and N and sometimes Sulfur.
can act as enzymes.
are structure material,energy source, and chemical messenger
51
Which of the following substances is an element?
salt
glucose
iron
water
52
If an atom has 3 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to
lose all of its electrons from its first and second shells.
lose all of its electrons from its first shell.
lose 3 electrons from its second shell.
gain 2 electrons in its second shell.
53
A solution that contains equal #'s of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions would be called
alkaline.
neutral.
acidic.
basic.
