PALCS AP Psych Confusing Pairs

Learning through consequences -- negative & positive

when you narrow down available solutions to find the best

receives no "treatment" or receives a placebo

It's made up of the axons (the myelin sheaths that protect them give it this color)

acquired knowledge over time, increases with age

The College Board AP Psychology Exam

The way words are arranged (white house v. casa blanca)

The outer surface of the brain; fissures/wrinkles increases surface area of brain

I believe I can accomplish my goals if I work at it and that my efforts are important

When you wear a hat and you no longer feel it on your head

Removing something unpleasant to encourage the behavior (like a headache).

basic unit of sound

Symptoms are perfectionism, rule following, need for control

In the nervous system, fast messages between neurons; Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Serotonin

Deciding a person who reads poetry is more likely to be a professor than a truck driver

Indicates whether an observed result is likely due to chance

Cells in the brain that protect and nourish

Money is this type of reinforcement

specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles/skin/glands

doing something in order to gain something you want, like cookies

The major excitatory neurotransmitter (makes neurons fire); too much = migraines

your opinion may grow stronger after a group discussion with like-minded people

When someone gives a better speech in front of others compared to when they practiced at home

stimulates feeding behaviors (eating)

giving priority to the goals of one's group

Each participant has an equal chance of being put into the control or experimental group

You live by the airport and you no longer hear the airplanes every 15 minutes.

Same fertilized egg; monozygote. Vital for studies in nature v. nurture.

Teacher thinks boy isn't smart, treats him accordingly, he doesn't do well in class

I control my fate!

choosing between two events each with undesirable features

how our brains process information based on what we already know

In conditioning, when the learner responds to stimuli that are similar; like the dog responding to similar bell

In an experiment, what is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher?

wanting a bike but asking for a car first

The neuron is polarized and waiting to reach threshold

level of stimulation required to detect 50% of the time

studying the same group of people over 60 years

Using glitz and glamour and maybe a celebrity endorsement to convince someone

photoreceptor cell that lets you see in dim light and peripheral vision

Remembering the last items on a list you memorized

For every 3 cars that Ted sells, he gets a $1000 bonus.

data that gives descriptions

an eating disorder with a restricting diet and excessive exercise

In operant conditioning, it will strengthen the behavior

paraniod delusions, hallucinations, and erratic emotions or behaviors

A woman performs worse on her SAT after the proctor says that women don't test well on the SAT

Whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure (how can a test measure emotion)

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

You notice this when you have a cold, and your food doesn't taste right because you can't smell it

excessive hand washing is an example of

stage that starts in adolescence and allows people to think abstractly

a type of intelligence being able understand yourself very well

It's caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath which slows movement

This hunger hormone signals satiety (you're full/satisfied)

Making a decision based on what first comes to mind

A Big Five trait; organized, careful and disciplined

when you attempt to alleviate stress by changing your behavior

type of parenting that leads to high self-esteem and independence in children

When someone else leaves their cart in the parking lot, they're bad; when I do it, it's only because I'm in a hurry

Failure to notice something added because you're focused on another task

After the neuron fires, it must rest and reset (repolarize).

If you take 3 IQ tests and the scores are about the same. The test is:

Inability to learn new information because of old information or old training

The neuron must rest and reset before it can fire again

Part of the limbic system, it deals with hunger/satiety, fight/flight response, and sexual motivation

multiple choice quizzes are examples of

They mimic the actions of the neurotransmitters. Ex: morphine mimicking endorphins

Blends new information into our existing schema

memory that has facts (who, what, where, when) not procedures

Language & logic are lateralized here

medicines block the receptor sites on post synaptic cells so the cells (anti-psychotics)

Which one is termed as a "shortcut" & usually speedier, but can be inaccurate?

Located in the frontal lobe, it helps you produce speech (move your mouth to make the words!)

"fight or flight" response system

Hailey has a bad boyfriend, but they've been together for a couple of years and have a kid so she sticks it out.

Are the questions on the test appropriate for the goal of the test

readiness to perceive one's self favorably

Inability to make new memories (50 first dates)

a condition where distant objects appear clearer than objects close up