The Age of Exploration

The stage of triangular trade where enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic under horrific conditions.

Spanish monarchs sponsored Columbus' voyage and supported subsequent explorations, leading to Spanish colonies.

A company with shared ownership, allowing shared risk and investment in ventures like colonial expeditions.

An instrument used by sailors to determine latitude by measuring the angle between the horizon and celestial bodies.

Portuguese explorer sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, opening a sea route to Asia.

The movement of people against their will, resulting in displacement due to conflict, persecution, or enslavement.

The ability to resist or be protected from infection or disease, often acquired through exposure or vaccination.

Spanish conquerors sought wealth and power in the Americas during the 16th century, leading to Spanish colonies.

People of European descent born in the Americas, holding a lower social status than Peninsulares.

A crop grown primarily for sale and profit rather than personal consumption, often cultivated on plantations.

A person who creates maps, combining geographical knowledge, artistic skills, and scientific techniques.

A triangular sail providing maneuverability and adaptability to different wind conditions.

The exchange of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres had a profound impact.

A complex trade route involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging goods, slaves, and resources.

A small, maneuverable sailing ship enabling long-distance voyages and exploration.

A navigational instrument using the Earth's magnetic field to determine direction.

A labor system where individuals work for a set period in exchange for benefits, such as passage to a new country.

Unpaid labor required by a lord from serfs as a form of taxation or obligation.

Portuguese explorer led the first known circumnavigation of the world from 1519 to 1522, proving the Earth is round.

People of mixed European and African descent, often occupying a complex social position in colonial societies.

Portuguese explorer reached India in 1498, establishing a direct sea route between Europe and Asia.

A person sent on a religious mission to promote Christianity in foreign lands, often among indigenous populations.

A labor system in Spanish America where landowners were granted indigenous laborers, leading to exploitation.

The Christian reconquest of Spain from the Moors ended in 1492, paving the way for Spanish exploration and colonization.

People of mixed European and indigenous American descent, forming a significant population in Spanish colonies.

A person of Spanish descent holding high social status in the Spanish colonies.

To sail or travel all the way around something, as demonstrated by Magellan's first circumnavigation.

A feudal system where peasants are legally bound to work for a lord, living in servitude.

Italian explorer sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, reaching the Americas and initiating European colonization.

A tax or duty on specific imported/exported goods, often used to protect domestic industries or generate revenue.