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Final Review Spring 2025 Flashcards | StudBud
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Final Review Spring 2025
Final Review Spring 2025
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Answers
1
What helps an organism become fossilized?
Heat
Burial in sediment
Rapid decay
Sunlight
2
What type of selection keeps the most common traits in a population?
Sexual
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
3
What do similar bone structures in different animals suggest?
Random mutation
Environment
Different origin
Common ancestor
4
What basic idea explains how gene therapy works?
Change diet
Delete proteins
Replace faulty gene
Add vitamins
5
Which of these body parts is no longer useful in humans?
Lungs
Heart
Tailbone
Leg
6
Which description best fits a fossil?
Dead organism remains
A living bone
Mummy
Rock
7
How is a working gene typically introduced in gene therapy?
Radiation
Via food
Laser method
Through injection
8
What does the bottleneck effect refer to in evolution?
Mutation
No change
Growth
Population reduction
9
Why do embryos of vertebrates look similar early on?
Gene flow
Shared ancestry
Randomness
Mutation
10
Which of the following breaks Hardy-Weinberg conditions?
Mating selection
No mutation
Large population
Isolation
11
Which type of trait is most likely to disappear over generations?
Recessive
New
Useless
Dominant
12
Which example best explains the founder effect?
Isolation
New habitat
Bottleneck
Random mating
13
What does it mean if an animal is diurnal?
Lives in water
Active at night
Lives underground
Active at day
14
How would you best explain the purpose of bioinformatics?
Data storage
Analyzing data
Measuring protein
Creating new drugs
15
How do you feel about Monday?
Refreshed
Sleepy but not blue
I do not care what day is it.
Blue
16
How does pharmacogenomics support doctors in patient care?
Prescribe antibiotics
Reduce pain
Predict responses
Treat viruses
17
What do we call random changes in allele frequency in small populations?
Gene flow
Speciation
Mutation
Genetic drift
18
Humans, apes, and monkeys all belong to which group?
Fish
Primates
Mammals
Birds
19
Fossils are most commonly discovered in what type of rock?
Igneous
Volcanic
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
20
What do analogous structures show us?
Same function
Different origin
Different function
No relation
21
What do we call the fossil process where organisms are preserved in tree sap?
Burial
Tree sap
Drying
Freezing
22
What is the main goal of genomics?
Gene identification
Making enzymes
Studying traits
Protein production
23
Why is DNA typing considered highly reliable?
Mitochondrial code
Noncoding regions
Red blood cells
Mutations
24
Which process is based on selecting mates for certain traits?
Drift
Gene flow
Natural selection
Artificial selection
25
In which situations is DNA typing most helpful?
Paternity/Forensics
Measuring enzyme
Classifying plants
Viral diagnosis
26
How many offspring do primates typically have at one time?
1 or 2
4 to 5
Dozens
10+
27
Based on the data, which organism is genetically closest to humans?
Frog
Fish
Chimpanzee
Mouse
28
When allele frequencies don’t change, what is that called?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Evolution
Stasis
Speciation
29
What is the geologic time scale used to show?
Future events
Plate tectonics
Events in Earth's past
Plant growth
30
Bioinformatics combines biology with which of the following fields?
Math and CS
History
Art
Physics
31
What kind of reproductive isolation is based on timing?
Gametic
Behavioral
Seasonal
Mechanical
32
Which body areas are most mobile in primates?
Torso
Hands and feet
Legs
Tail
33
What does “replacement fossil” mean?
Shattered
Replaced by minerals
Frozen
Preserved in sap
34
What feature helps primates grasp and handle objects best?
Long arms
Opposable thumbs
Flat nails
Sharp claws
35
What kind of vision do primates use?
Blurry vision
Night vision
Color vision also binocular
No vision
36
Which example shows allopatric speciation?
Same area
Split by river
Mating call
Food preference
37
What major event began the Paleozoic era?
Volcanoes
Rainfall
Cambrian explosion
Ice age
38
What is the appendix in humans an example of?
Core
Functional
Vestigial
Mutated
39
What is a mold fossil?
Dried skin
Imprint in rock
DNA
Whole bone
40
What defines a trace fossil?
Bone
Skull
Tooth
Footprint
41
A plant scientist studying gene activity at different temperatures would most likely use:
Genome sequencing
Microarray
PCR
DNA Typing
42
What can we learn from comparing the protein cytochrome c?
Bone structure
Recessive alleles
Protein similarity
DNA count
43
What does the law of superposition say about rock layers?
Older on top
Same age
Random
Younger on top
44
What does it mean if an animal is arboreal?
Ground-dwelling
Tree-living
Water-based
Flying
45
Why is pharmacogenomics important for personalized healthcare?
Standard treatment
Random dosing
Universal dosage
Personalized care
46
Why do scientists think bird wings and reptile limbs show relatedness?
Same species
Common ancestor
No link
Adaptation
47
What happens during disruptive selection?
Stabilizes
Eliminates extreme
Eliminates middle
No effect
48
What does a prehensile tail allow a primate to do?
Hold objects
Store food
Climb only
Attract mates
49
Which of the following is a newly evolved trait?
Inherited trait
New mutation
Acquired trait
Adapted limb
50
Which method tells the age of fossils by comparing rock layers?
Relative dating
X-ray
DNA match
Carbon dating
51
What is the key job of a DNA microarray?
Kill viruses
Make proteins
Modify DNA
Analyze gene expression
