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8th Grade Release
8th Grade Release
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1
Which is the most accurate method scientists use to predict the age of Earth?
investigating core samples from the Arctic
relative dating of rock layers
radioactive dating of rocks
comparing the ages of different fossils
2
Whichtype of infection is best controlled with antibiotics?
fungal
bacterial
none of these
viral
3
Which are the most responsible for creating acid rain pollution?
Wood-burning power plants
Coal-burning power plants
Hydroelectric power plants
Nuclear power plants
4
Which is the most accurate way of determining the age of a fossil?
dating the rock layers above the fossil
radioactive dating
relative dating
dating index fossils
5
Scientists have caused some bacteria to produce insulin. Which area of science would these scientists most likely work
biotechnology
chemistry
marine biology
nuclear engineering
6
Which best explains why all of the Earth’s freshwater is not available for human use?
Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen water.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is still in the water cycle.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is only in lakes.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is underground.
7
How has genetic engineering helped farming?
by producing faster ways to harvest crops
by developing better fertilizer for crops
by producing soil that makes crops grow better
by creating crops that resist some diseases
8
Table shows energy production from fossil fuels over a 20-year period. Which conclusion is best supported by the data?
Dependency on oil increased so energy from natural gas is decreasing
Dependency on oil has increased so energy production from oil is increasing
Dependency on coal increased so energy production from coal is increasing
Dependency on coal increased so energy from natural gas is decreasing
9
How can upwellings improve fishing for ocean fishermen?
they bring nutrients from the cold, deep ocean waters
they cause the ocean water to get warmer
the bring ocean currents from the equator
they cause ocean currents to remain calm
10
Rows in the periodic table are called:
families
periods
alkalis
groups
11
Using the image which of the driving forces of evolution does this represent:
hybridization
natural selection
color variation
genetic engineering
12
What happens to most of the energy as it moves throughout a food web
It is changed into decomposers
It is changed into light energy
It is changed into mass
It is changed into heat energy
13
Which demonstrates how genetic variation may result from a change in the environment where an animal lives?
A salmon swims faster as it enters colder waters.
beetle stands out to predators bc it does not blend with flowers around it
fox changes its color over time bc migrates to area with different climate
snake increases body temp bc it moves on top of a rock in direct sunlight.
14
Where do plants get the food they need for energy
They absorb it directly from the sun
They absorb it directly from the soil
They receive it from atmospheric gases
They produce it during photosynthesis
15
Which will most likely result if there is increased upwelling in a coastal area?
higher water temperatures
fewer nitrates
less nutrients in the water
more aquatic life
16
Which will most likely happen to Questors as a result of Wood Plaxers migrating to their habitat
The Questors will compete with the Wood Plaxers for food resources
The Questors will be forced to fly to a different habitat
The two species will coexist with no competition
The two species will become extinct
17
Gold, oxygen, silver and nitrogen are examples of
elements
alloys
mixtures
compounds
18
What effect does the water cycle have on the total amount of water on Earth
The total amount of water on Earth is constantly increasing
The total amount of water on Earth is constantly decreasing
Total amount of water Earth changes during periods of warming and cooling
The total amount of water on Earth remains relatively constant.
19
Why are digestion and respiration important to the body
They build muscle and bone that the body needs
They store food for the body
They help provide the energy needed for body functions
They control the production of hormones in the body
20
In the food chain, who is the producer?
grass
snake
hawk
grasshopper
21
Recent changes in species can be found in upper layers of rock. This provides a link between which two scientific ideas
the Law of Superposition and the periodic nature of the elements
the theory of evolution and the Law of Superposition
the periodic nature of the elements and cell theory
cell theory and the theory of evolution
22
How can the agricultural biotechnology industry have a positive impact on the environment?
BY producing virus resistant crops
by making robots to replace farm machines
by using more wind farms for energy
by reducing the need for countries to import food
23
What would have the greatest long-term impact on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?
increasing the number of livestock on a farm
planting trees around a farm
decreasing the number of livestock on a farm
cutting down trees around a farm
24
2 liquids are in open container it is determined the mass of the 2 liquids is less Which best describes this observation
Some of the atoms during the reaction escaped into the air.
Some of the atoms during the reaction became heavier
Some of the atoms during the reaction were destroyed.
Some of the atoms during the reaction changed to a different kind of atom.
25
Help support evidence that organisms derived from a common ancestor.
homologous structures
evolutionary structure
analogous structure
anatomy listings
26
How would a large increase in the salinity of an estuary most likely affect the ecosystem of the estuary
salt-intolerant organism will increase salt-tolerant organism will decrease
All organisms would continue to live as they now do
salt-tolerant organism will increase salt-intolerant organism will decrease
All organisms will die
27
Which is the best example of a chemical change
paper tearing
eggs cooking
water evaporating
butter melting
28
Nitrogen fixing bacteria attach to these so they can help create ammonia in the nitrogen cycle:
roots of reptiles
roots of legumes
roots of soil
roots of carbon dioxide
29
Which chemical equation best represents the Law of Conservation of Mass?
H2 + O2→ 2H2O2
H + O → H2O
2H2 + O2→ 2H2O
H2 + O2→ H2O
30
Type of relationship where one benefits;one is harmed
competition
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
31
Which is one possible human benefit from biotechnology research?
producing crops that can grow in areas where they normally do not grow
increasing the ability to turn ocean water to freshwater
producing new types of disease-causing viruses
creating new types of buildings that can withstand hurricanes
32
Which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?
There are underwater mountains on the ocean floor today.
Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.
Fossils of marine organisms are found on the tops of some mountains.
Both mountains and ocean floors have similar minerals in their rocks.
33
How can biotechnology help farmers overcome sudden changes in the global climate?
By developing crops that are resistant to adverse weather
By rotating the crops within the same field
By changing the types of soil in which the crops are planted
By only planting crops in the winter
34
Which action shows concern for the environment with regards to the resources of the oceans?
filling in oceanfront wetlands in order to extend beachfront properties
setting limits on fish harvesting in the oceans
allowing factories to release untreated wastewater into the oceans
developing technology which will allow for an increase in fish harvesting
35
The table provides info about some group 1 elements. Which is the best estimate of the melting point of Rubidium (Rb)?
25ο C
184οC
75οC
40οC
36
Where is most of Earth’s freshwater located
Lakes
Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Rivers
Underground
37
Which is the best example of a pure substance
gold
carbon dioxide
steam
human blood
38
Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?
decreasing number of electrons from left to right
decreasing atomic mass number from ;eft to right
increasing number of neutrons from left to right
increasing atomic number from left to right
39
Geologist identifies the same index fossil is rock layers from two different areas Which conclusion is best supported
The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.
The index fossil also occur in sediment deposited top of these rock layers
The fossil organism evolved independently in the two separate areas
The deposition rate of the two rock layers was identical
40
Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?
high dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake
cold water temperature of the lake
many varieties of fish in the lake
high turbidity levels in the lake
41
What is true about the kudzu vine?
example of a cyclic change
example of a pollutant
an invasive species that can change an ecosystem
shows predator prey relationship
42
Why do doctors suggest people get a flu vaccine each year?
vaccines get stronger over time
vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year
viruses replicate more rapidly over time
viruses can mutate from year to year
43
How has biotechnology helped improve the agricultural industry?
By creating some crops that resist certain insects
By producing soil free of decomposers
By developing machines that help farmers harvest crops faster
By developing irrigation systems that cover a large land area
44
If chemical reaction begins with 6 carbon atoms how many will be in the products?
12 carbon atoms
6 carbon atoms
3 carbon atoms
2 carbon atoms
45
Which best determines the health of a lake used as a source of freshwater?
its depth and width
its location and depth
its temperture and pH
its temperature and depth
46
What are transitional fossils
fossils which show a species at different ages
An organism in the process of being fossilised
Fossils that fill in the gaps of the family tree
Fossils that are being set in plaster for display
47
Which of these would most likely happen to a species that is not able to adapt to a changing environment?
The species would change the environment
The species would develop mutated cells.
The species would develop resistance to disease.
The species would become extinct over time.
48
Process whose products include glucose and oxygen
water cycle
both cellular respiration and photosynthesis
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
49
Which best describes uniformitarianism
The time it takes for erosion to occur has changed since Earth first formed
Formation of rock layers has slowed because humans have altered environment
Processes that shape the Earth continue as they have since the Earth formed
Movement of the continents no longer occurs because of changeocean currents
50
A partially enclosed body of water where fresh and salt water meet and mix
tidal zone
lake
estuary
watershed
51
Which is the best evidence for evolution
new rock layers containing fossils of simple organisms
old rock layers containing fossils of complex organisms
old rock layers containing fossils unlike existing organisms
new rock layers containing fossils unlike existing organisms
52
Which will most likely result if there is increased upwelling in a coastal area?
higher water temperatures
more aquatic life
less nutrients in the water
fewer nitrates
53
Which would least likely have an impact on global climate change?
Producing energy using coal
Producing energy using hydroelectric plants
Producing energy using natural gas
Producing energy using oil
54
Many infectious diseases have been nearly eliminated worldwide Why should global studies of infectious diseases continue
All infectious diseases are resistant to any form of treatment
All infectious disease organism are fatal
All infectious diseases are caused by viruses do not respond to antibiotics
All infectious disease organisms have ability to mutate, adapt, and survive
55
What does the image represent in determining water quality?
turbidity
dissolved oxygen levels
pH
bioindicators
56
•The change in inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations
Theory of Absolute Dating
Theory of Superposition
Theory of Evolution
Theory of Natural Selection
57
If wolves prey on deer, what will likely happen to the deer population if wolves are removed
Population of deer will remain the same
Population of deer will decrease
Population of deer will increase
Population of deer will become extinct
58
Principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers are undisturbed.
Unconformity
Geologic Column
Fossil
Superposition
59
How are pandemics different than epidemics?
A Pandemics affect blood; epidemics affect skin.
Pandemics spread through air; epidemics are spread through the water.
Pandemics affect many countries; an epidemic is more localized.
Pandemics are caused by bacteria; epidemics are caused by viruses.
60
The smallest nonliving organism
bacteria
yeast
fungi
virus
61
In ecology, this is called a:
food chain
life cycle
food web
energy pyramid
62
If a lake has excess levels of phosphates and nitrates in its water, what will most likely result?
The growth of algae in the lake will increase
The turbidity levels of the lake will decrease
The dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake will increase.
The temperature of the lake water will decrease
63
Which statement is true about a chemical reaction?
The physical states of the atoms in the reactants determine the products
The number of atoms in the reactants determines the products
Some of the atoms in the reactants will be a part of the products
All of the atoms in the reactants will be a part of the products
64
Which is a nonrenewable resource?
wood
oil
sunlight
water
65
Chlorine has 7 valance electrons. With what group of elements will chlorine most readily bond
group 2
group 1
group 16
group 18
66
Which allows scientists to investigate what Earth’s climate was like over the past 740,000 years
volcanic deposits
ice cores
faults
fossils
67
Used for muscle development, growth, rebuilding and repairing cells, organelles, and tissues.
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
fiber
68
Type of science that allows altering DNA of plants so it will contain more protein and flavor?
biotechnology
biology
geotechnology
physiology
69
Which is the best reason for scientists to study ice cores obtained from Earth’s ice caps?
to study the quality of water stored in glaciers
to evaluate potential oil drilling sites
to determine the rate of melting in polar regions
to study past climates by analyzing trapped gases and particles
70
If a bat, an alligator, and a bird evolved from a common ancestor, what most likeley can be concluded?
They live in the same part of the world
They are able to survive changes in their enviornments
They have similar anatomical structures
They are in the same biological classification
71
Movement of cold water upward from deep ocean - brings up nutrients is called:
water cycle
upwelling
desalination
downwelling
72
The sudden outbreak of adisease can be classified as an epidemic or a pandemic depending on:
if it is spread by a bacteria or virus
if it is transmitted by air or water
if it is regional or widespread
by how many people died
73
Which disease could best be treated with antibiotics?
HIV
The Flu
Strep Throat
Common Cold
74
Which best represents the flow of energy within an aquatic ecosystem?
algae → insects → fish → turtle → sunlight
insects → algae → fish → turtle → sunlight
sunlight → insects → algae → fish → turtle
sunlight → algae → insects → fish → turtle
75
Which is most likely a major concern associated with burning fossil fuels?
Burning fossil fuels can produce smog, which can cause respiratory probs.
Burning fossil fuels can remove harmful chemicals from precipitation.
Burning fossil fuels can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels can pollute the oceans.
76
In water quality indicators, the cooler the temperature, the greater the presence of :
turbidity
dissolved oxygen
color
fish
77
Dolphins and whales may have evolved from a commonancestor. What evidence supports this?
They both live in the same ocean area
They ate the same food
They both have similiar anatomies
They swam the same way
78
Which pair of elements has the most similar properties?
Li and B
K and He
I and Ca
O and S
79
Which is the primary source of energy for most cells in the body?
fat
protein
vitamin
sugar
80
Which is classified as an element?
water
carbon dioxide
vinegar
iron
81
Which best describes method of obtaining energy that may cause changes in water temperature and harm to fish populations
burning coal
generating electricity in a hydroelectric power plant
using ethanol in cars
installing solar panels on a home
82
An ice cube is put into a heated pan. What will most likely happen to the molecules in the ice as the ice is heated?
The molecules will begin to condense in the air
The molecules will begin to move faster
The molecules will begin to move slower
The molecules will begin to increase in density
83
Which best explains why mammals became dominant after the mass extinction of the dinosaurs?
They had traits that helped them adapt to environmental changes.
They were larger than dinosaurs and ate different foods.
They lived in different areas on Earth than dinosaurs.
They were able to hibernate for thousands of years.
84
Which evidence supports the idea that life on Earth has continually evolved?
evidence from rock layers, fossils, and ice cores
evidence that the climate has changed over the past 100 years
evidence gathered from melting glaciers
evidence from layers of tree rings
85
Which of the following is a fungal infection of the skin?
Parkinson's disease
athlete's foot
cancer
strep throat
86
Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?
washing hands often
taking antibiotics
getting a vaccination
eating fruits and vegetables
87
A runner is preparing to run a long race. Which would provide the highest level of energy for the runner?
proteins
minerals
vitamins
carbohydrates
88
In this food chain which is the secondary consumer?
Snake
Grass
Frog
Grasshopper
89
Which best determines the number of wolves that can live in an area?
the amount of food available in the area
the number of trees in the area
the number of birds that live in the area
the amount of snow in the area each year
90
What is the most likely result of overusing a particular antibiotic?
more infections caused by viruses
fewer infections caused by viruses and bacteria
fewer infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
more infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
91
Which is a compound?
air
sugar
nitrogen
sodium
92
Which would most likely increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?
increase mutations
decrease in disease
increase in disease
decreased mutations
93
Cracks in ocean crust that release mineral-rich water that has been heated by Earth’s interior
Hydrothermal vents
Ocean trench
Volcanic island
Continental slope
94
Which characteristic of water quality provides the most information regarding the health of a water system?
presence of indicator species
clarity (turbidity)
concentration of heavy metals
temperature
95
n which oceanic zone do clams and crabs survive by burrowing in the sand?
intertidal
deep ocean
oceanic
open ocean
96
Which of these organisms is a producer in a marine ecosystem?
worm
gull
fish
algae
97
H
2
CO
3
→ H
2
O + CO
2
How does the reaction support the Law of Conservation of Mass?
The mass of carbon atoms is reduced during the reaction.
Mass of H atoms is the only thing that remains the same before and after
Mass of atoms in the reactant equals the mass of the atoms in the products
Several molecules of water are produced
98
When 2 organisms attempt to use a resource in the same place at the same time
mutualism
competition
predator/prey
parasitism
99
How are mutualism and parasitism different?
parasitism both benefit mutualism one benefits other harmed
mutualism both benefit parasitism one benefits other harmed
parasitism both benefit mutualism one benefit other not harmed or benefits
mutualism both benefit parasitism one benefits other not harmed or benefit
100
If a company genetically modifies corn to emit an odor that repels insects, which describes how the corn was modified?
by techniques used in biotechnology
by chemical exposure
by harvesting at different times
by crop rotation techniques
