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Unit 1
Unit 1
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Answers
1
What feature of the Indian Ocean trade best explains cultural diffusion?
Only land routes connected Africa and India
Direct rule of Asia by Africans
Use of Chinese ships for all trade
Monsoon winds encouraging seasonal travel
2
Stimulus: Photo of kente cloth — What can it tell us about African societies?
Trade with China influenced style
Industrial weaving tech was common
Cultural symbols played roles in hierarchy
West Africans lacked textile knowledge
3
How did the Aztec system of tribute compare with Inca labor systems?
Both used tribute in currency
Aztecs demanded goods; Inca demanded service
Aztecs relied on trade; Inca used conquest
Inca used tribute, Aztecs did not
4
How did Confucianism support the Song Dynasty’s bureaucratic system?
By opposing centralized government
By promoting trade across Asia
By spreading Buddhism
By encouraging social mobility through exams
5
Stimulus: Map of Trans-Saharan Trade — What explains the rise of Mali?
Decline of Mediterranean ports
Isolation from Islamic powers
Control of salt and gold trade routes
Conquest of Europe
6
How did the caste system adapt under Islamic rule in India?
It was abolished and replaced
It remained intact and adapted to new rulers
It spread to Africa through trade
It merged with Confucian hierarchy
7
Stimulus: Mandala art from Southeast Asia — What does it reflect?
Mongol influence in Thailand
Confucian political systems
Syncretism of Buddhist and Hindu beliefs
African cosmology
8
What does the use of Arabic script in West African texts suggest?
Rejection of Islam
Chinese expansion into Africa
Spread of literacy due to Islam
Isolation from Eurasia
9
What was one major way Islamic states preserved and advanced knowledge?
Burning Greek and Persian texts
Banning foreign books
Isolating scholars in monasteries
Establishing centers of learning like Baghdad
10
Stimulus: Ibn Battuta’s accounts — What do his writings reveal?
Lack of religious unity in Dar al-Islam
Importance of trade routes
Opposition to Sufism across Asia
End of long-distance trade routes
11
Stimulus: Codex-style Maya glyphs — What do they suggest about Mayan society?
Complete reliance on oral history
Absence of political leadership
Strong Buddhist influence
Use of writing for administration and religion
12
Which change explains cultural continuity in Sub-Saharan Africa (1200–1450)?
Expansion of Islam through trade, not conquest
Total rejection of Islamic practices
Isolation from Eurasian trade networks
Complete replacement of local traditions
13
Which statement best compares political structures in the Americas (1200–1450)?
The Aztecs used tribute, while Inca used labor
Maya and Inca both had centralized monarchies
All states rejected the use of religion
All American empires used feudal systems
14
How did belief systems shape African empires?
They avoided religion in governance
Islam provided unity and access to trade
All leaders became Hindu
Religious diversity created conflict
15
What is one continuity in Islamic governance across regions?
Use of multiple caliphs per city
Rejection of Persian administration
Election of rulers by the people
Law based on Qur'an and sharia
16
How did civil service exams reflect Confucian ideals in Song China?
They limited government to elites only
They promoted meritocracy and education
They encouraged military expansion
They prioritized trade over philosophy
17
How did Confucian values affect women in Song China?
Restricted roles in society
Encouraged public participation
Increased military roles
Guaranteed equal rights
18
Stimulus: Buddhist temple in Java — What does it reveal about trade and belief?
Buddhism stayed confined to East Asia
Islam replaced Buddhism in India
Indian religions spread via maritime trade
No connection between India and Southeast Asia
19
What continuity in Chinese governance lasted from the Tang through Song eras?
Power shared equally by all provinces
Rule by Buddhist monasteries
Military rule replaced civil authority
Centralized bureaucracy using Confucian ideals
20
Which innovation helped Song China expand its economic influence?
Ban on foreign merchants
Paper currency and credit systems
Gunpowder weapons for trade
Barter-only market laws
21
How did the Inca maintain control over their vast territory?
Cultural assimilation through Islam
Complex road system and mit'a labor
Large navy and naval ports
Conquest of North America
22
Stimulus: Great Mosque of Djenné — Which best describes its cultural significance?
Blends local materials with Islamic design
Shows Chinese influence in West Africa
Reflects Mongol religious policy
Symbolizes Christian-Muslim cooperation
23
How did the Bhakti movement influence Hinduism?
Promoted emotional devotion and challenged caste
Reinforced the caste system
It led to full Islamic conversion
Removed temples from public life
24
Stimulus: Map of Swahili Coast — What does it suggest about Indian Ocean trade?
East Africa had no role in maritime trade
Swahili cities were key trading hubs
Trade was limited to the Persian Gulf
Islam spread only by conquest
25
How did the spread of Islam impact Indian Ocean commerce?
Destroyed Hindu merchant networks
Unified regions through common faith and language
Closed ports to non-Muslims
Reduced trade with East Africa
26
What development in South Asia helped integrate Muslim and Hindu populations?
Complete ban on Islamic customs
Hindu rulers converting to Christianity
Syncretic architecture and Sufi practices
Military conquest of Buddhist monasteries
27
Which factor best explains the continuity of Islamic rule from 1200–1450?
Use of sharia to govern diverse regions
Frequent political revolutions
Secular law replacing religious law
Rejection of Persian influence
28
Why did South Asian rulers tolerate Muslim communities?
Sufi mysticism promoted tolerance
Muslim rule was too weak to oppose
They saw Islam as a Hindu sect
They sought help from Mongols
29
Stimulus: Angkor Wat architecture — What does it reveal about regional religions?
Islam’s dominance in Southeast Asia
Chinese Confucian influences in Cambodia
The lack of religious expression in design
Syncretism between Hinduism and Buddhism
30
Stimulus: Mosque with minarets in Mali — What does it show?
Islam was practiced only by elites
Local styles blended with Islamic traditions
Imported stone from China
Use of Gothic architecture
