Psychology Statistics Reviewer

A measure of the standard, distance from the mean that describes whether the scores are clustered closely or widely

A test hypothesis about an unknown population.

Z sample = \frac{M-X}{S}

Chi-square: a measure of the difference between variables of observed and expected data.

Class frequency is

It predicts the value of a variable based on the value of another variable.

A Standard Score to identify and describe the exact location of each score in a distribution.

A form of variable that is an infinite no. of possible values that fall between any two observed values

A probability value that is used to define the concept of "very unlikely" in a hypothesis test; a level of significance

The individual conditions or values that make up a factor.

Class interval is

3 Characteristics of Correlation

An additional test after ANOVA to determine which mean differences are significant and which are not.

Probability is a proportion of all the desired outcomes.

Steps in Hypothesis Testing

An error in hypothesis testing- False Positive; the null hypothesis is true but is rejected

A type of t-test that measures the mean of the same group twice; pre- and post-test design

Set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence

Class mark is

Two-tailed Test- if it doesn't predict a change in results in either direction.

4 assumptions in Linear Regression

Measures the degree of linear relationship between 2 variables.

The likelihood of the numerical value compared to the specified alpha level of the hypothsis test.

Equality of variances of...

It measures/describes a relationship between 2 variables.

Type of chi-square that explores various categories of 2 different variables.

Equal variances Not Assumed

A naturally-occuring discrepancy that exists between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter.

Equal differences between numbers on scale; no absolute zero point

A statistical test used to compare observed results with expected results.

Educated guess about population parameter

Highest form of measurement; an interval scale with an absolute zero

A set of categories that have different names

Scales of Measurements

Equal variances assumed is accepted

A factor design that uses a separate group of participants for eachtreatment condition.

Magnitudes of the relationship in Correlation: small- .01-.29; moderate- .30-.49; large- .50-.99; perfect- 1.00

A distribution where the measures of central tendency are from smallest to largest—mode, median, and mean.

Variable- a characteristic that changes or has different values for different individuals

The sum of the value of each observation in a dataset divided by the number of observations.

M = X-Z\left(S\right)

A type of t-test that measures the means from 2 distinct groups; control vs. treatment design

Alpha level- actual area under the standard normal distribution curve

In linear regression, it has 2 or more IV (predictors) and 1 DV (straight line you want to predict).

A type of measures of variability that refers to the highest score minus the lowest score.

A statistical me.asure to determine a single score that defines the center of a distribution

Variables in One-way ANOVA:

It studies samples and make generalization about the population

A type of t-test that compares the sample mean to the population mean.

A type of test that assumes that the source population is normally ditributed.

A quantitive measure of the differences between scores in a distribution.

In linear regression, it has 1 IV (predictor) and 1 DV (straight line you want to predict).

4 Types of Non-Probability Sampling

This refers to one that takes on one of only two possible variables when observed or measured.

One-tailed Test- if there is a statistical significance or difference between two groups in either direction.

A numerical value that described a population.

A numerical value that described a sample.

X = μ-zσ

A form of variable that consists of separate, indivisible categories.

Data approaches normality when sample size reaches n=30

Percentile refers to...

A form of regression analysis to determine the variance from data points from the mean.

Level of measurement in Chi-square Goodness of Fit

A variable that designates the groups being compared.

4 Types of Probability Sampling

An error in hypothesis testing- False Negative; the null hypothesis is false but is not rejected

The percentage of individuals in the distribution with scores at or below the particular value.

Level of measurement in Chi-square Test of Independence

A distribution where the measures of central tendency are from smallest to largest—mean, median, and mode.

Type of chi-square that explores various categories of a single variable.

A type of test that does not make assumptions on the source population.

A graph that shows the data points of 2 variables and describe they are related.

It compares the differences in the means of 3 or more groups.

The distance covered by the scores in a distribution

Z pop= \frac{X-μ}{σ}

p-value < .05 means...

It is a branch of Math that involves data collection, analysis, and presentation.

Class limits are

Is t-test a parametric test?

4 Goals of Psychology

SD = \frac{X-M}{SD}

A statistical procedure used to summarize, organize, and simplify data.

Population is the entire set of individuals of interest for a particular research question.