HIST 1020 Exam 2 pt. 1

the enlightenment legacy is mixed and debated

Sulemaniye Mosque was built next to the ____, a centuries old Roman Catholic cathedral in Istanbul

Who was the fall of Constantinople under?

practiced TASAWWUF; emphasized inner, spiritual dimension of Islam 2 go along w the more tangible practices of religion

THIS URBAN CULTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT AND PLEASURE CAME TO BE CALLED ____, "the floating world"

temperatures only dropped a few degrees (on average) during the little ice age

Who presided over the height of the Ottoman Empire?

Adam Smith OPPOSED slavery

a class of bureaucrats descended from a warrior class

Adam Smith argued for FREE-MARKET principles with the “invisible hand” analogy, and the efficiency of ___

Ottoman sultan who presided over the initial expansion of the ottoman empire

They determined this through

A tax on non-Muslim living in Muslim lands or empires

Constantinople was on ______

All of the following were Enlightenment legacies except:

All of the following are scientific theories of human and biological causes (Anthropocene)of the little ice age, except:

British adventurer that helped aid Arabs from rule of ottoman empire

What was the definite conquest of the Ottoman Turks?

After the Ottoman Empire fell, ___ began building a more Western-style republic in Turkey

the Ottoman Empire was politically and ethically ___

THE SEVERE, CONSERVATIVE ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS OF the 18th and 19th CENTURIES

Ottoman Empire pushed into Europe and tried to siege ___ but was ultimately repelled due to logistical challenges

Taj Mahal features Arabic inscriptions of Quranic verses but is primarily reflective of Persian & Indian architect

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE also hit the Ottoman Empire hard for all of the following reasons except:

Copernicus & Galileo determined that our solar system was __ (the earth & other planets revolve around the sun)

The head of Tokugawa Shogunate was the

____ were landholding elites and government was run by Samuri; regional lords, landowners

A period of slight but significant cooling in the North Atlantic region and into Eurasia; lasted 600+ years

Together, Topkapi Place & Sulemaniye Mosque represent the supreme importance of ___ and the power and glory of the ___

Argued that knowledge could only be verified through the formulation and testing of HYPOTHESES

masked theater enjoyed by Tokugawa elites such as SAMUR and DAIMYOS

Developed laws of motion; principles of MODERN PHYSICS, including GRAVITY; invented calculus; understanding of optics

Deism is the belief that a higher power or God created the universe but does not interfere with it or human affairs

when human activities have significantly impacted the planet’s climate, ecosystems, and geology

Islam is not and never has been

FATHER OF CLASSICAL LIBERALISM, the idea that ALL PEOPLE HAVE RIGHTS THAT GOVERNMENTS ARE OBLIGATED NOT TO VIOLATE.

who built the Taj Mahal?

Mehmed amassed a huge army of muslim soldiers by portraying the conquest as a _____ and promising rewards

John Lockes ____ idea: government exists at the pleasure of the PEOPLE and exists specifically to protect those rights

after the war, Mehmed renamed Constantinople: ______, which remains the largest and most important city in Turkey

The new ruler of Turkey, which was now a more conservativeIslamic government

religious expression of sufism:a lifestyle of self-discipline, renunciation of worldly pleasures, and devotion to spirit

meaning a king or emperor

graduates of madrasas typically became part of a class of legal and religious scholars known as ____

presided over the height of Mughal culture, and was curious about other cultures and religions

Constantinople's location was important because it connected ___ & ___

one of the most famous mosques in Istanbul, built during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent & designed by Mimar Sinan

who wrote The Wealth of Nations

Town built by Akbar which combined Persian, Indian, and Ottoman elements

a theater practice of a rougher type, more associated with urban merchants & artisans. Combined music & lavish visuals

Muslim jurists required adult, free, sane ____ among the dhimmacommunity to pay the jizya

Shan Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a tomb in honor of his wife ____

A warlord-type government in Japan ruled by the TOKUGAWA CLAN(extended family)

Enlightenment thinkers in France were called _, based on the classical term 4 the study of being & knowledge(PHILOSOPHY)

All were ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS except

DEIST; believed in God but not the literal, God of the Bible; Argued for TRUE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE in society

Unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries, with minimal government intervention

Enlightenment science built on the work earlier European scientists who contradict the church: ____ & ____

Primary residence of Ottoman sultans & the political & administrative center of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 400 years

a mystical sect of islam, aka tasawwuf; typically sunni, not overly logistic but do abide by islamic law

Newton was an atheist

“the way of the gods;”traditional Japanese religion centered w worship of spirits associatd w natural location/activity

who wrote "Doubt is an unpleasant condition, butcertainty is absurd"

The Ottoman Empire centered in ___ (modern turkey)

non-Muslim living in Muslim lands or empires

female entertainers, typically entertaining male clients, w storytelling & music on the 3-stringed SHAMISE

schools that taught the QURAN, law, and natural sciences; part of the ottoman culture

A trade system ensuring ethical treatment of producers, fair wages, and sustainable practices.

Sometimes the jizya would be suspended, lowered, raised due to political necessity or compromise

Islamic Empire in the Indian subcontinent; generally tolerant of non-muslims, although they sometimes had to pay a tax

Country's wealth & power were best maintained by accumulating gold & silver & maintaining a favorable balance of trade

Scottish thinker had immense impact on ECONOMIC thought, and still does