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HIST 1301 F23 Final review Flashcards | StudBud
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HIST 1301 F23 Final review
HIST 1301 F23 Final review
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history of science and technology
Flashcards
90 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What did Stephen Grey's experiment with the orphan boy demonstrate?
That ethics boards were not yet established.
That static was electricity.
Materials act as insulators and conductors of electricity.
That anyone could make scientific discoveries.
2
Who noticed the similarities between tongue stones and shark's teeth?
Nicholas Steno
William Smith
Charles Lyell
Robert Boyle
3
One of the ways that the English (and later British) Parliament encouraged innovation was through the _____ of 1624.
Abolishment of Monopolies Act
Profit by Patent Act
English Statute of Monopolies
British Patent Act
4
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1833
1665
1813
1785
5
When we talk about the Presocratics, we are referring to a period that stretched from
400-600 CE
400 BCE - 146 CE
3000 BCE - 400 CE
600-400 BCE
6
Galileo's drawings of the moon were revolutionary because:
It demonstrated the perfection of the cosmos
There was a face on the moon
The moon was not a perfect sphere
he moon was bigger than previously thought
7
Who wrote
Elements of Chemistry
and together with his wife identified 33 of the elements?
Priestly
Franklin
Lavoisier
Black
8
What was the purpose to the elevation of Roman roads?
To keep them free from animals
Architects believed height brought them closer to the gods
So people could not get on them without paying a toll
So that soldiers could see far and avoid ambush
9
The Agricultural Revolution in Medieval Europe resulted in:
Widespread unemployment and starvation
The end of small farms and farming
A heavy reliance on manual labour
A move to mechanical rather than animal/human power
10
Which if these would NOT be considered one of Aristotle's "bloodless" animals?
shark
dragonfly
sea anemone
crab
11
What does viviparous mean?
Born from eggs
living
non-living
Born live
12
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Wet and Dry
Starry and Earthy
Celestial and Terrestrial
Earth and Air
13
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
Both of these answers
Our world is governed by universal laws
Neither of these answers
14
Who explained how electricity works (with + and - charges) by comparing it to an economy?
Galvani
Volta
Newton
Franklin
15
What is Mercantilism?
An economy based on manufacturing
A parliamentary monarchy
An economic practice where a country's economy increases its power
When merchants govern a country
16
This French thinker tried to replace Aristotelianism with his own system.
Voltaire
Rene Descartes
Francois Poulain
Andreas Vesalius
17
A Cosmogony seeks to
Understand how the universe works
Explain the basic laws of physics
Pass on history
Explain the origins of the universe
18
Who founded the Academy in Athens in 388?
Socrates
Empedocles
Aristotle
Plato
19
__________ proposed that the world was separated into fire, air, earth, water, love & strif
Leucippus
Empedocles
Anaximander
Thales
20
Which of these is not an example of neolithic pyro-technology?
plaster
brick
pottery
metalurgy
21
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Earth and Air
Wet and Dry
Celestial and Terrestrial
Starry and Earthy
22
Hutton argued that the story of the earth was cyclical and had a purpose, it was:
to demonstrate God's power
to make the earth habitable
a mystery
to confuse geologists
23
According to Aristotle's system of biology what type of soul did humans, plants and animals all share in common?
Sensitive
Creative
Nutritive
Rational
24
Aristotle proposed five elements: earth, air, water, fire, and __________
Aether
Quintessence
Firmament
Divine
25
This frontispiece to Spratt's History of the Royal Society depicts Brouckner, Charles II and:
Francis Bacon
Robert Boyle
Robert Hooke
Isaac Newton
26
Did Plato believe that you could trust your senses?
Only some of them
No
Yes
27
Which of these is
not
a common characteristic of a profession?
Recognized authority
Specialized skills and training
Self-governing
Government control
28
Which Presocratic asserted that everything was made of atoms with voids in between?
Aristotle
Democritus
Thales
Empedocles
29
When did the Industrial Revolution begin?
19th century
17th century
16th century
18th century
30
What was the study of nature called before people started to use the term "science"?
Cosmology
Natural Philosophy
Nature study
Scientia
31
What water technology did the early Islamic Empire adopt and improve to improve agriculture?
Aqueducts
Qanats
Noria
Canals
32
Who were the Nestorians?
Heretics who studied Plato and Aristotle
Christian monks who specialized in scribing and translation
Islamic scholars who worked at the House of Wisdom
Rich land owners who founded an Academy
33
What were the Presocratic 'Schools of Thought'?
Groups of students and teachers who thought about the same problems.
Physical Buildings that scholars studied in.
Groups of scholars who published their work together in collected works.
34
The wooden cranes and pulleys used by the Romans to build the Colosseum eliminated slave labour
false
true
35
d'Alembert:
The goal of science should be to reduce things to ______ & thereby understand them.
fundamental natures
innate structures
basic features
mechanical properties
36
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
Both of these answers
Neither of these answers
Our world is governed by universal laws
37
Using Arkwright's machine you could process 100lbs of cotton in:
1 hour
50,000 hours
10 hours
300 hours
38
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
water
towns
mines
train tracks
39
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
What am I?
Are there gods?
How does the earth move?
Is change possible?
40
Which of the following was NOT an important prerequisite for scientific thinking?
Democracy
Literacy
Contact with other cultures
Prosperity
41
Plato's Cosmos was the product of...
The will of the gods
Reason and planning
The Big Bang
Random combinations of atoms
42
Why did people switch from wool to cotton during the Industrial Revolution?
It became fashionable
All of these
It required less care
It was cheaper
43
What is one of the reasons that an industrial revolution did not occur in Ancient Rome?
Slave labour made labour-saving innovation unnecessary.
They didn't understand practical skills like metalurgy
They lacked the knowledge of mathematics that the Greeks had
They believed that machines were dangerous and irreligious
44
Who noticed that plants an animals vary based on climate and altitude?
Lyell
Newton
Smith
von Humboldt
45
Theory that the causes of geological phenomenon are uniform throughout time
Catastrophism
Cyclism
Uniformalism
Directionalism
46
Cultural movement that responded against the percieved Enlightenment mechanization of world:
Newtonism
Romanticism
Nostalgia
Renaissance
47
Why did many of the early natural philosophers assume that the earth was a sphere?
The sphere was a divine shape
Centrifugal force
Priests told them it was
They observed other planets and knew earth was the same
48
What 'revolution' did literacy accompany?
Neolithic
Agricultural
Scientific
Industrial
49
The Almagest,an ancient work that influenced Renaissance astronomer Copernicus, was written by:
Aristotle
Galen
Ptolemy
Pythagoras
50
The Islamic Empire imported paper making technology from this Empire
Chinese
Greek
Roman
Ottoman
51
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity fire will always ____
Move away from the centre of the universe
Move toward the sun
Move toward the centre of the universe
52
Fully Alphabetic Languages were developed by _____ and widely in use by ______
3000 BCE & 2000BCE
800 BCE & 500 BCE
1500 BCE & 800 BCE
100 BCE & 200 CE
53
Writers and thinkers who advanced Enlightenment ideals were called
Philosophes
Natural Philosophers
Encyclopedists
Newtonians
54
When did the Italian Renaissance begin?
16th century
15th century
17th century
14th century
55
Greek influence is evident in the ________ structure of the Roman Pantheon.
Marble
Dodecahedron
Arched
Spherical
56
What does Renaissance mean?
Death
Renewal
Rebirth
LIfe
57
19. Aristotle believed that you could trust your senses?
Yes, totally!
No, never!
Meh, sometimes
58
Which of the following cannot be transmuted into the others?
Air
Water
Earth
Fire
59
Among the Platonic Solids the Tetrahedron represented ________
Love
Fire
Water
Air
60
According to Aristotle which classification of animal belonged highest on the hierarchy?
crustacea
viviparous quadrupeds
oviparous quadrupeds
testacea
61
This famous silver smith is credited with inventing movable type in the Western world
Isaac Newton
Johanes Gutenberg
Martin Luther
Rene Descartes
62
This explorer and natural philosopher believed that you had to "be there".
Goethe
von Humboldt
Owen
Darwin
63
Why did European Alchemists refer to Aristotle's
Meteorology
?
It promised gold and glory
Aristotle proposed how metal formed naturally and they wanted to copy
It had recipes to transmute metals into greater metals
They believed Aristotle was the greatest alchemist
64
When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?
600 BCE
5,000 - 6,000 years ago
800 CE
12 000-10,000 years ago
65
In Greek architecture the stone that bridges the top of the columns is called a(n):
Lintel
Arch
Ceiling
beam
66
What material did the Romans invent by adding aggregates to cement?
Plaster
Arches
Concrete
Cement
67
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Darwin
Owen
Paley
Goethe
68
By _____C.E. all
extant
Greek work on medicine, science, and math were translated into Arabic.
1000
125
500
723
69
When society provides for individuals who then contribute with special skills, it is called:
Specialization
Diversification
Education
Apprenticeship training
70
What building was assembled from pre-made steel rods and glass for the Great Exhibition of 1851?
The Dinosaur Palace
Prince Albert's Greenhouse
The Exhibition Palace
The Crystal Palace
71
Bacon believed that lack of progress was due to ....
lack of skill
lack of knowledge
lack of imagination
lack of application
72
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
How does the earth move?
What am I?
Is change possible?
Are there gods?
73
Who developed the science of stratigraphy?
William Paley
Nicholas Steno
Charles Lyell
William Smith
74
What is 'enclosure'?
The government voted to make all land public
Animals were enclosed by fences
Prison was reformed
Common agricultural and grazing lands became private
75
Goethe believed that there each plant had an
Urplflanze,
what was it?
The leaves
It's ability to produce other plants
The seed
Its fundamental form
76
William Perkin, the father of Industrial Chemistry, discovered mauve while trying to make:
quinine
none of these
alanine
cinchona
77
Why were the first steam engines developed (in England and Wales)?
To harvest crops
To power trains
To power factories
To access coal from mines
78
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Darwin
Goethe
Owen
Paley
79
The Aristotelian Universe was:
heliostatic
heliocentric
geocentric
80
[⋆⋆] Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher.
True
False
81
Between 1813 and 1833 the number of power looms in Britain climbed from 2,400 to
25,000
1,000,000
5,000
100,000
82
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity a book sitting on a desk is subject to forced motion.
True
False
83
Hippocratic Medicine adopted the system of contraries developed by
Heraclitus
Plato
Aristotle
Empedocles
84
German alchemist Henning Brand used human urine to discover phosphorus. Why did he start with urine?
He was trying to isolate ammonia.
It was a warm.
It came from a living human body.
They knew the power of urea.
85
The Coal and Colonies theory is an explanation of why the Industrial Revolution began in _____.
America
France
Australia
England
86
_____ didn't believe that the earth's cycles could result in permanent extinction
Lamark
Paley
Lyell
Owen
87
Who concluded that the tusks and teeth found in Siberia were not from elephants but a related animal?
Steno
Cuvier
Buffon
Lyell
88
Which Western civilization had the most advanced sanitation before the 19th century?
Byzantine
Rome
Greece
England
89
If you attended a medieval university you would study
Only what the church approved
The seven liberal arts
Business
Whatever you were most interested in
90
Ancient _______ was the world's first widely literate society and is credited with being the birthplace of Science.
Mesopotamia
Greece
Egypt
Rome
