Form A 1st Semester Exam Review

Question 1

When sister chromatids line up in the middle. This process is called what?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 2

This hard outer covering supports and protects the cells in plants. What is it?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 3

The end result of this process is 4 new, nonidentical haploid cells.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 4

These two cells are produced at the end of cytokinesis in Mitosis.

Accepted Answer

2 new identical, diploid cells

Question 5

What phase of Mitosis does the diagram show?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 6

These are long and use a whip-like motion to move, while these are short, hair-like objects.

Accepted Answer

flagella, cilia

Question 7

In a human body cell there are ____ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

46

Question 8

The anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy is?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 9

The process in which original strands of DNA separate, serve as templates to produce new DNA.

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 10

This organelle breaks down old and worn out parts of the cell.

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

Human sex cells have this many chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

23

Question 12

An alternative form of a gene passed from generation to generation is known as what?

Accepted Answer

an allele

Question 13

These speed up chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes

Question 14

This disorder is characterized by black urine and discovered by Dr. Garrod.

Accepted Answer

Alkaptonuria

Question 15

The science of heredity is known as ___.

Accepted Answer

genetics

Question 16

This is the production of offspring.

Accepted Answer

Reproduction

Question 17

True/False: Osmosis is going from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 18

A pure substance that can't be broken down into a simpler substance.

Accepted Answer

Element

Question 19

True/False: Nitrogen bases in DNA are structures that hold the phosphates to the sugars.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 20

True/False: Van der Waals forces are held together by covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 21

Name the two scientists who were responsible for building the DNA 3D model.

Accepted Answer

Watson & Crick

Question 22

What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis, Cytokinesis & Interphase

Question 23

True/False: Autotrophs are organisms that get energy from the foods they eat.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 24

This is DNA found on chromosomal segments that control the production of proteins.

Accepted Answer

genes

Question 25

The basic unit of structure and function in all living things are called what?

Accepted Answer

Cells

Question 26

True/False: The sex chromosomes for females are XY and the sex chromosomes for males are XX.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 27

These are specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions.

Accepted Answer

Organelles

Question 28

These are the building blocks of matter.

Accepted Answer

Atoms

Question 29

A body of knowledge based on the study of nature is called what?

Accepted Answer

Science

Question 30

True/False: Mutagens are substances that are known to cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 31

This is a point in the cell cycle when the cell grows and makes copies of itself. Name it?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 32

A repeating pattern of sugar and phosphate make up the backbone of what molecule?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 33

The observable, outward expression of an allele pair is called its what?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Question 34

An educated guess is an outdated definition for what we know as a testable explanation or a __?

Accepted Answer

hypothesis

Question 35

Any inherited characteristic that results in changes to a species over time is called?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation

Question 36

Forces that hold substances together are called what?

Accepted Answer

Bonds

Question 37

This is a diagram of a nucleotide. Name the red structure.

Accepted Answer

phosphate group

Question 38

This genetic disease affects the nervous system of individuals between the ages of 30 and 50.

Accepted Answer

Huntington's

Question 39

These are made up of RNA and protein and are produced in the nucleolus.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 40

Which of the following offspring belong to Parent 1?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 41

Two nuclear membranes form, the cell begins to relax and prepares for division. What phase?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 42

The boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell is called the ___.

Accepted Answer

plasma membrane

Question 43

Which of the following show a photo of the golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 44

Going from left to right, list these phases of Mitosis in order.

Accepted Answer

Metaphase, Prophase, Interphase and Anaphase

Question 45

What phase of Meiosis is being shown?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 46

This disorder affects the mucus-producing glands, sweat glands and digestive enzymes.

Accepted Answer

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 47

This disorder is often identified by a cherry-red spot on the back of the eye.

Accepted Answer

Tay Sachs

Question 48

Made up of C, H and O; they store energy and make up fats, oils and waxes. What are they?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 49

The number of chromosomes in human sex cells is ___.

Accepted Answer

23

Question 50

True/False: The ER is where genetic information in a cell is located.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 51

These organelles can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to another organelle.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 52

An organism's allele pairs are called what?

Accepted Answer

The genotype

Question 53

The production of offspring.

Accepted Answer

Reproduction

Question 54

Cytokinesis, Interphase and Mitosis are all part of what?

Accepted Answer

The Cell Cycle

Question 55

Structures that contain genetic information that's passed from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes

Question 56

These are known to cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

Carcinogens

Question 57

This is the site of protein and lipid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

ER

Question 58

This is an example of a ___.

Accepted Answer

karyotype

Question 59

This is a storehouse of chemical energy.

Accepted Answer

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 60

The macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 61

This little organ converts sugar into energy for the cell and is known as the powerhouse.

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 62

The regulation of an organism's internal environment is called ___.

Accepted Answer

homeostasis

Form A 1st Semester Exam Review

Questions 62

Form A 1st Semester Exam Review

Questions 62