CRM 2003 Final Review

True/False: In the early stages of U.S. law enforcement, police officers were appointed by politicians. 

True/False: offenders are incapacitated for more than one year for misdemeanors. 

 _________  is when police accept gifts for turning a blind eye to crime (nonenforcement)

True/False: Children of incarcerated people are more likely to engage in delinquency. 

  ______ seeks to uphold people’s negative rights, while ______ seeks to uphold people’s positive rights. 

Which of the following is not an example of a negative right? 

Formal police departments began to develop in the United States during the: 

 _________ is based on the ideas of an eye for an eye 

True/False: Criminal law is objective 

Plea bargains settle about _______  of convictions in the United States. 

Which of the following is not a concept of Donald Black’s The Behavior of Law? 

Which of the following is not a system of justice? 

 ___ seeks to restore the health of the community, meet the needs of victims, and involve the offender in the process

Which amendment allows for slavery to be legal as a punishment for individuals who have been convicted of a crime? 

Which of the following is not a rationale used to justify punishment in the United States? 

The primary goal of the criminal justice system is to ______crime. 

___ aims to correct the behavior of offenders through educational, vocational, and therapeutic intervention

____ is the most prominent punishment rationale implemented within the criminal justice system 

  ________ aims to deter offenders so that they are unable to engage in future crime

_________ requires offenders to fulfill 85% of their sentences before being considered for parole. 

True/False: The prison industry costs the United States over $81 billion a year

_____ laws provided the opportunity for convicts to be hired out to plantation owners and private companies 

Which of the following is not a consequence of being a convicted felon? 

 Which of the following is not a policy related to the concern of law enforcement?

  ______ includes harm caused by acts that are legal but produce consequences similar to those produced by illegal acts

True/False: Positive rights are provided by the government

 ______ refers to the removal or restriction of freedom of those who have been convicted of crime

______ involves modifying character rather than punishing offenders.

True/False: class, race, and gender can impact the ways laws are enforced and administered

True/False: 6.8 million people are under CJS supervision 

 ______ justice is concerned with crimes against humanity 

Which of the following is the first step to being processed through the criminal justice system? 

 ________ incapacitation organizes offenders by crimes committed (eg. violent offenders, drug charges, etc.) 

Which of the following is not a common pathway of crime for women in the United States? 

Victimization of the poor is addressed through _ law, while victimization of the wealthy is is addressed through _ law

_______ is a form of police corruption where officers may demand discounts from businesses. 

True/False: incarceration rates directly impact crime rates

  _______ aims to prevent other potential offenders from engaging in crime by using punishing offenders

 _______ decenters punishment through institutions. 

 True/False: an overall deterrent effect has been proven by criminologists

During the __ era of policing a formal system for recruitment, retention, and the promotion of officers were established

True/False: Since the 1990s the U.S. had led the world highest incarceration rates.

  ________ are enhanced sentencing laws for repeat offenders.

 ______ incapacitation identifies offenders based on their criminal histories, and other personal characteristics

Which of the following is not a social reality with the American administration of criminal law?