acute renal failure produces all of the following characteristics alterations in laboratory values except..

decreased serum potassium levels

the clinical stage of chronic kidney disease called "renal insufficiency," or stage 3-4 disease..

may be controlled with dietary management

damage to the kidney from nephrotoxic drugs..

impairs the epithelial cells of the renal tubules

Ketoacidosis is uncommon in type 2 diabetes because..

endogenous insulin prevents lipolysis and production of ketone bodies

The manifestations of bowel obstruction are related to..

accumulation of fluid and gas proximal to the obstruction

Renal cell carcinoma..

is usually asymptomatic until advanced stages

may present with occult or macroscopic hematuria

Adult polycystic kidney disease..

Manifests with decreasing renal function and hypertension in adulthood

which of the following is true regarding complications of diabetes in children?

dehydration is a major concern when hyperglycemia is severe

an inflammation of the bladder lining

vesicoureteral reflux, a congenital malformation, is often diagnosed by..

an incidence of recurrent urinary tract infection

In chronic glomerulonephritis..

progression to end-stage renal disease is common

primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children is..

most commonly due to delayed maturation

Pain in the kidney, as occurs with pyelonephritis or trauma, is a result of..

Stimulation of nociceptors located in the renal capsule

Women who develop gestational diabetes..

are likely to experience it with subsequent pregnancies

all of the following could result in a mechanical bowel obstruction except..

narcotic analgesic administration

All of the following may result in dysphagia except..

excessive production of stomach acid

which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing prerenal acute renal failure?

a young man with significant postsurgical hemorrhage

back leakage of filtrate, an important aspect of the pathologic development of ATN..

further reduces renal clearance of wastes

Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor, is the most common renal malignancy in children. Its diagnosis is..

often suggested by a palpable mass in the flank or abdomen

neuropathy of sensory nerves seen in diabetes mellitus is usually..

bilateral and may affect hands and feet

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Patho Final Study Guide Questions

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Questions 69

Answers

1
microvascular complications occurring w/ chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus include all of the following except
neuropathy
nephropathy
peripheral artery disease
retinopathy
2
Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated in all of the following except..
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
chronic gastritis
acute gastritis
gastric cancer
3
acute renal failure produces all of the following characteristics alterations in laboratory values except..
azotemia
uremia
decreased serum potassium levels
elevated serum creatinine levels
4
the clinical stage of chronic kidney disease called "renal insufficiency," or stage 3-4 disease..
requires intervention with dialysis or renal transplantation
is successfully managed with diuretic therapy
is associated with nephron loss of about 50%
may be controlled with dietary management
5
A major predisposing factor to the development of pseudomembranous enterocolitis is..
a history of inflammatory bowel disease
intestinal hypoxia
contaminated foods
antibiotic therapy
6
damage to the kidney from nephrotoxic drugs..
impairs glomerular basement membrane permeability
is irreversible
impairs the epithelial cells of the renal tubules
commonly progresses to end-stage renal disease
7
Ketoacidosis is uncommon in type 2 diabetes because..
dehydration is less severe
liver breakdown of stored glycogen does not produce fatty acids
endogenous insulin prevents lipolysis and production of ketone bodies
metabolic acidosis does not occur
8
The manifestations of bowel obstruction are related to..
accumulation of fluid and gas proximal to the obstruction
decreased absorption of nutrients
the death of intestinal bacteria
edema impairing biliary secretion
9
in the elderly population, complications of diabetes and aging increase the risk for the development of..
diabetic ketoacidosis
hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
heart disease
10
Constipation is defined as fewer than ___ stools per week..
four
two
one
three
11
risk factors for the development of cystitis include all of the following except..
diabetes mellitus
urinary stasis
female gender
acidic urine
12
Renal cell carcinoma..
usually originates in the medulla
is usually asymptomatic until advanced stages
is a single histologic entity
risk is associated with a sedentary lifestyle
13
The finding of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of..
pyelonephritis
cystitis
acute tubular necrosis
glomerulonephritis
14
bladder tumors..
are most commonly formed in the musculature of the bladder wall
are more common among african americans
may present with occult or macroscopic hematuria
are always associated with exposure to carcinogens
15
Adult polycystic kidney disease..
Is usually symptomatic by early adolescence
Is very responsive to treatment and ultimately curable
In seen as small, atrophied kidneys on the ultrasound
Manifests with decreasing renal function and hypertension in adulthood
16
which of the following is true regarding complications of diabetes in children?
manifestations of hypoglycemia in young children are identical in adults
neuropathies are common and develop early in the disease
dehydration is a major concern when hyperglycemia is severe
diabetic ketoacidosis rarely occurs
17
the most common cause of cystitis is..
viral organisms
fungal organisms
e. coli
organisms associated with sexually transmitted infections
18
The most common type of renal calculi (nephrolithiasis) is..
struvite
cystine
uric acid
calcium oxylate
19
cystitis is..
always asymptomatic
always associated with bacterial infection
an inflammation of the bladder lining
a common cause of renal failure
20
Prerenal failure, regardless of the specific cause, has a single common etiologic factor, which is..
inactivation of the renal autoregulatory mechanisms
a reduction in renal perfusion
narrowing of afferent arterioles
a decreased effect of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones
21
exercise for the patient with type 2 diabetes may result in..
decreased risk of eating disorder development
decreased insulin resistance
improved renal function
increased low-density lipid levels
22
The primary life-threatening complication of appendicitis is..
peritonitis
dehydration
cardiac arrest
abcess formation
23
A common cause of stomatitis seen in immunosuppressed patients is..
vitamin deficiency
exposure to chemical irritants
gastroesophageal reflux
candida albicans infection
24
a sign of early diabetic neuropathy is..
microalbuminuria
glycosuria
anuria
hypertension
25
vesicoureteral reflux, a congenital malformation, is often diagnosed by..
an enlarged kidney found on an abdominal x-ray film
an incidence of recurrent urinary tract infection
a decreased frequency of voiding
complaints of flank pain
26
In chronic glomerulonephritis..
complete remission of the disease is common
nephrons hypertrophy and the kidney's enlarge
the cause is an overwhelming infection
progression to end-stage renal disease is common
27
The finding of chronic painless hematuria should be investigated because it may indicate..
chronic kidney disease
nephrotic syndrome
renal cancer
urinary tract infection
28
primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children is..
nearly always managed with pharmacologic interventions
most commonly due to delayed maturation
always pathologic after the age of 5 years
frequently associated with daytime enuresis
29
Pain in the kidney, as occurs with pyelonephritis or trauma, is a result of..
The presence of abundant nociceptors throughout the kidney tissue
Stimulation of nociceptors located in the renal capsule
Activation of afferent nerves of the corticospinal tracts
Irritation of densely packed pain receptors in the renal pelvis
30
many diabetic pts are managed w/ basal-bolus insulin therapy, in which long-acting insulin covers _____ need for insulin
acute
mealtime
nighttime
basal
31
Warning signs for colon cancer include..
loss of appetite
nausea or vomiting after meals
blood in the stool
epigastric pain
32
measures of glycosylated hemoglobin, such as hemoglobin A_1C, are used to monitor blood glucose control over the past..
24 hours
week
month
2 to 3 months
33
Women who develop gestational diabetes..
give birth to babies with low birth weights who are hyperglycemic
are primarily treated with any of the available oral agents
will probably remain diabetic following delivery of their babies
are likely to experience it with subsequent pregnancies
34
findings associated with advanced chronic kidney disease but not likely to be found with acute renal failure include..
metabolic acidosis
fluid volume excess
elevations in serum creatinine and BUN levels
hypocalcemia and anemia
35
the most common cause of bladder calculi is..
a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
increased dietary calcium intake
UTI
urinary retention and stasis
36
Common manifestations of PUD include..
vomiting
bright red blood in the stool
diarrhea
burning epigastric pain
37
all of the following could result in a mechanical bowel obstruction except..
volvulus
intussusception
narcotic analgesic administration
adhesions
38
the cause of death of most patients with chronic kidney disease is..
malnutrition
kidney failure
volume overload
cardiovascular disease
39
Acute gastroenteritis usually is caused by..
spicy foods
stress
overeating
infectious agents
40
the most common manifestation of bladder cancer is..
frequency
dysuria
hematuria
urgency
41
Manifestations of nephrotic syndrome include all of the following except..
bleeding
edema
hyperlipidemia
hypoalbuminemia
42
Polycystic kidney disease is..
unlikely to progress to renal failure
reversible with appropriate therapy
a genetic disorder
a consequence of type 1 diabetes mellitus
43
diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when two fasting blood glucose samples are found to be greater than or equal to..
140 mg/dL
126 mg/dL
100 mg/dL
110 mg/dL
44
All of the following may result in dysphagia except..
decreased peristalsis of the distal portion of the esophagus
excessive production of stomach acid
impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
altered neuromuscular ability to coordinate movement to the esophagas
45
which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing prerenal acute renal failure?
an elderly patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia
a young man with significant postsurgical hemorrhage
an elderly woman receiving nephrotoxic antibiotics
a young woman with acute pyelonephritis
46
the primary risk factor for bladder cancer is..
infection
family history
air pollution
smoking
47
back leakage of filtrate, an important aspect of the pathologic development of ATN..
further reduces renal clearance of wastes
is due to dilation of renal tubules
forces efferent and afferent arterioles to vasodilate
increases platelet aggregation and the risk of thrombosis formation
48
Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor, is the most common renal malignancy in children. Its diagnosis is..
often suggested by a palpable mass in the flank or abdomen
made on the basis of an abnormal urinalysis result
followed by aggressive chemotherapy as the primary intervention
grave because the prognosis is very poor in all cases
49
neuropathy of sensory nerves seen in diabetes mellitus is usually..
completely reversible w/ better diabetes management
controlled by medications that increase insulin production
bilateral and may affect hands and feet
asymptomatic, painless
50
Mallory-Weiss syndrome usually is caused by..
a hiatal hernia
a severe vomiting episode
overdosage with acetaminophen
cirrhosis
51
congenital malformations of the ureters primarily produce signs and symptoms related to..
urinary stasis
abnormal bladder distension
renal atrophy
elevations in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels
52
Type 1 diabetes mellitus differs from type 2 in that..
there is an absolute deficiency of insulin production
it is associated with insulin resistance
the onset is usually in the middle or later adulthood
it is the most common form of diabetes
53
the most common obstruction of the urinary tract found in kids is ureteropelvic junction obstruction. this condition is
usually diagnosed by ultrasound in utero
usually bilateral, affecting both ureters
likely to require surgical intervention
more common in females
54
Movement of renal calculi into the ureter produces..
a reduction in pain
renal colic
infection
bladder outflow obstruction
55
The finding of renal tubular cell casts in the urine indicates..
tubular necrosis
urinary tract infection
glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndrome
56
All of the following hormones increase blood glucose levels except..
growth hormone
norepinephrine
oxytocin
cortisol
57
evidence-based interventions that slow the progression of chronic kidney disease include all of the following except..
ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker drugs
a sodium-restricted diet
blood pressure control
blood glucose control for diabetic patients
58
Which of following is a true statement regarding diverticular disease?
it can occur amywhere in the GI tract
if diverticuli become inflamed, intestinal obstruction may result
it most frequently affects young adults
it is most common among societies where the diet is high in cellulose
59
the clinical stage of chronic kidney disease is known as "decreased renal reserve," or stage 1-2 disease..
produces polyuria and nocturia
presents as mild azotemia
is asymptomatic
is characterized by elevated serum creatinine and BUN levels
60
The diarrhea seen with inflammatory bowel disease is primarily an example of..
secretory diarrhea
osmotic diarrhea
exudative diarrhea
diarrhea due to increased motility
61
A patient with PUD should be encouraged to avoid..
aspirin and NSAIDs
excessive intake of liquids
high-fiber foods
lying down immediately after eating
62
signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia include all of the following except..
altered consciousness
tremors
fever
pallor
63
Carcinoma of the stomach is..
associated with precancerous polyps
primarily managed with chemotherapy
slow growing and therefore highly curable with early diagnosis
correlated with H. pylori infection
64
all of the following could produce prerenal failure except..
pyelonephritis
hemorrhage
septic shock
MI
65
all of these complications of DM result from excessive insulin exposure that contributes to atherosclerosis except..
stroke
peripheral artery disease
retinopathy
coronary artery disease
66
Acute glomerulonephritis..
produces a pathologic increase in the glomerular filtration rate
is usually a result of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomerulus
relentlessly progresses to chronic renal failure
presents as fluid volume deficit & increased plasma oncotic pressure
67
Malabsorption of nutrients is secondary to..
conditions that affect the colon
conditions that affect the small intestine
peristaltic dysfunction
inadequate nutrient intake
68
Abdominal pain that manifests as visceral pain is characterized by..
being diffuse and poorly localized, w/ a cramping or burning sensation
being extremely sharp and well localized
diaphragmatic or peritoneal involvement
pain at the umbilicus
69
Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include all of the following except..
vesicoureteral reflex
elderly age
diabetes mellitis
kidney trauma

Patho Final Study Guide Questions Flashcards | StudBud