Which one of the following best describes a correlational study?

Investigators look for naturally occurring associations.

Only of the following statements about guilt and shame is accurate. Which one is true?

Both emotions play a role in moral and prosocial behavior.

Properly addressing the contexts in individual children's lives requires:

Considering children's individual risks and protective factors

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

Eager to interact with and make sense of their world

Which one of the following best describes the nature of conceptual change?

Revising one's beliefs after receiving information that contradicts them

The basic idea underlying operant conditioning is that:

Children's behaviors are affected by the consequences that follow them.

Most developmental psychologists believe that temperament:

Involves certain genetic dispositions

Ceativity is different from intelligence, but both typically reflect a person's ability to:

Use familiar mental processes fluidly and dynamically

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play have which one of the following effects?

They allow children to practice adult behaviors.

Recent research indicates that the quality of an infant's early attachment to a primary caregiver:

It is important, but doesn't dictate the quality of other relationships.

Which of the following would be the least likely way for adults to encourage young people to promote friendly interacti

Encourage competitive interactions.

One of the most effective ways to encourage children to eat healthy foods at school is to:

Involve the children in preparing the meal

When conducting interviews with children, which practice is not recommended?

Engage in quick question and answer exchanges.

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Carol revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies

Three of the following are examples of prosocial behavior. Which one is not?

Dustin asks Morris for help on his homework.

Which one of the following is a true statement about IQ scores?

Scores near 100 indicate average performance.

From the perspective of contemporary developmental theorists, a script can best be described as:

Knowledge about the typical sequence of events in an activity

Which one of the following best illustrates self-concept rather than self-worth or self-esteem?

Anne says, "I am a fast runner."

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play?

By giving themselves directions about what to do next

Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal development refers to:

The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support

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EDU 102: Final Exam Review

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Questions 24

Answers

1
Which one of the following best describes a correlational study?
Multiple groups of participants are involved.
Participants are randomly assigned to treatment groups.
Investigators can draw firm conclusions about cause-and-effect relationship
Investigators look for naturally occurring associations.
2
Only of the following statements about guilt and shame is accurate. Which one is true?
Both emotions play a role in moral and prosocial behavior.
Adults should avoid making children feel guilty and ashamed
Children begin to experience guilt and shame sometime around age 1
guilt can enhance social-emotional development, but shame is detrimental
3
Properly addressing the contexts in individual children's lives requires:
Overriding family cultural tradition when it conflicts with classroom ideas
Encouraging assimilation while respecting individuality
Considering children's individual risks and protective factors
Respecting family choices in all situations
4
Which parenting style reflects the most control?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Uninvolved
5
From Piaget's perspective, children are:
Eager to interact with and make sense of their world
Most likely to learn when parents and teachers entice them to do so
More likely to develop cognitively in a formal school setting than at home
Most likely to learn things that bring about desirable consequences
6
Which one of the following best describes the nature of conceptual change?
instructional objectives that a teacher has established for a lesson
Revising one's beliefs after receiving information that contradicts them
Acquiring a more sophisticated vocabulary
Developing new categories to classify objects and events
7
The basic idea underlying operant conditioning is that:
Children's behaviors are affected by the consequences that follow them.
Children are motivated to behave in ways that enable them to feel good
Children learn behaviors primarily through repetition.
Children are naturally curious about the world and want to know more
8
Most developmental psychologists believe that temperament:
Is largely a product of the socialization efforts of parents/other adults
Involves certain genetic dispositions
Arises from the complex interaction of the genetic inheritance of parents
Has a strong biological basis and is resistant to socialization efforts
9
Ceativity is different from intelligence, but both typically reflect a person's ability to:
Think "outside the box" and in less conventional ways
Use familiar mental processes fluidly and dynamically
Imagine unusual or original solutions to complicated problems
Score well on objective, standardized tests of mental aptitude
10
In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play have which one of the following effects?
They can help children shed their egocentric views of the world.
They allow children to practice adult behaviors.
They foster traditional gender stereotypes.
They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive development.
11
Which of the following terms refers to the unfair treatment of people sharing a certain characteristics, such as race..
Stereotypes
Implicit bias
Discrimination
Prejudice
12
Recent research indicates that the quality of an infant's early attachment to a primary caregiver:
Is ultimately less important than later friendships
It is important, but doesn't dictate the quality of other relationships.
Acts as a "lens" through which children assess all other relationships
Sets the tone for all subsequent close relationships
13
Which of the following would be the least likely way for adults to encourage young people to promote friendly interacti
Ask a child to take notes for a peer with a physical disability.
Ask a child to use sign language with a child who has a hearing loss.
Acknowledge the benefits of a child's helpfulness.
Encourage competitive interactions.
14
One of the most effective ways to encourage children to eat healthy foods at school is to:
Permit children to bring snacks to school
Allow children to have dessert only when they eat something more healthy
Set up a tracking system that invites children to count the calories
Involve the children in preparing the meal
15
For which of the following is early stimulation necessary for normal development?
music
visual processing
mathematics
reading
16
When conducting interviews with children, which practice is not recommended?
Ask a combination of open-ended and close-ended questions.
Pause after asking a question.
Engage in quick question and answer exchanges.
Make a request for information that is not in the form of a question.
17
Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?
Anne copies down what her teacher writes on the blackboard.
Copying answers word for word from the book
Betsy is given 10 more addition problems when she does the first 10 wrong
Carol revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies
18
Three of the following are examples of prosocial behavior. Which one is not?
Bruce shares his lunch with a classmate who forgot hers.
Ashley lends a shoulder to cry on when Sarah breaks up with her boyfriend.
Dustin asks Morris for help on his homework.
Carla and Suellen cooperate on their history project.
19
Which one of the following is a true statement about IQ scores?
Scores near 100 indicate average performance.
They are calculated from this formula: (MA/CA) x 100.
They are calculated from this formula: (CA/MA) x 100.
They are derived from comparisons with the test performance of others.
20
As children grow older, many of their neurons begin to transmit messages more rapidly than they did previously:
myelination
synaptogenesis
a rapid reduction in glail cells
synaptic pruning
21
From the perspective of contemporary developmental theorists, a script can best be described as:
The strategy that a teacher tells students to use to remember material
A particular way of talking oneself through a difficult situation
small talk; initiating a conversation with someone else
Knowledge about the typical sequence of events in an activity
22
Which one of the following best illustrates self-concept rather than self-worth or self-esteem?
Brandi says, "I am glad that I am good in math."
Connor says, "It makes me sad that I am the worst reader in the class."
Anne says, "I am a fast runner."
"I'm bad at sports and I don't like always being picked last for a team."
23
From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play?
By practicing various grammatical structures mentally
By using words mentally as well as orally
By giving themselves directions about what to do next
By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said
24
Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal development refers to:
Children's ability to estimate how much they know
The range of tasks children can perform by themselves
The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support
The degree of maturation necessary to accomplish complex physical tasks

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