Ultimate AP Psychology Study Guide Pt. 3

What are bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep?

Fundamental attribution error: which is the most likely response for a classmate failing test?

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in:

Attempting to alleviate stress by exercising or seeking support from a good friend.

_______________ secretes vasopressin, constricting blood vessels and raising blood pressure.

Light-sensitive inner surface of eye-rods and cones- begin processing of visual information.

Forms the color portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.

Most tests of personality are in the form of:

Problem solvers devise a number of possible alternative approaches; element in creativity.

A thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal.

A pattern of detachment from social relationships and difficulty expressing emotions.

Developed _________ to explain why young children feel helpless and overly dependent on others.

Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the middle ear-concentrates vibrations from eardrum.

Juan returns to grandparent’s house after long absence; flood of memories about childhood.

Pop quizzes. Slow but steady response rates because respondents can’t predict when rewarded.

__________ argued that language shape's our thoughts and perceptions; called it ___________.

Known for his pioneering research on human sexuality.

Behaviors followed by favorable consequences more likely; unfavorable consequences less likely.

Pigeons pecking after seeing a human face (not other images)-could recognize human faces.

A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired.

Stage 1 of sexual response cycle called: __________ and includes: _____________.

Major excitatory neurotransmitter; memory. Oversupply can produce migraines or seizures.

Analysis begins with sensory receptors-works up to brain’s integration of sensory information.

_________________ was an American psychologist who specialized in research on moral reasoning.

Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray (120 million).

Experiencing the number 5 as the color red or words as a specific color is an example of:

Something naturally (without learning) triggers unlearned response (food triggers salivation).

Eminent researcher on misinformation effect and that eyewitness testimony is often unreliable.

General adaptation syndrome-prolonged exposure to stressor depletes body’s resources.

Employers who pay their workers every two weeks (moderate response rates) are using a:

Stanley Schachter's explanation of emotion placed emphasis on:

The process by which a patient projects/transfers unresolved conflicts/feelings onto therapist.

According to Freud, the ____ is unconscious. The ____ for moral reasoning/societal standards.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning right-left brain differences?

Stage 7-middle age-family and work become the dominant social settings and point of emphasis.

In hearing, _________ explains how we sense high pitches, __________ best explains low pitches.

_____________ of emotion, arousal immediately precedes emotion. ‘We feel sorry because we cry’.

The use of a general cue to retrieve a memory.

Which of the following DOES NOT occur during sympathetic nervous system arousal?

Includes areas that receive information from the visual fields; back of head.

According to the Big Five traits, high scorers tend to be cooperative, trusting and helpful.

Feels little/no empathy toward other people, manipulative and disregard for rights of others.

When we watch movies, we see smooth continuous motion rather than a series of still images.

What is the purpose of the iris?

Characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep; repeated/momentary awakenings.

The SAT is designed to predict academic success during a student’s freshman year in college.

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except:

Nerve cells respond to specific features such as shape, angle, or movement (occipital lobe).

____________, one of the best-understood neurotransmitters, plays role in learning and memory.

What did Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiments demonstrate?

Developed the theory of ______________ and the different levels of attachment in infants.

Putting a misbehaving child in 'time out'.

Two lima-bean sized neural clusters heavily linked to aggression and fear.

Improvement in psychotherapy a result of expectations rather than the therapy itself.

In _______________, we learn to associate two stimuli and thus to anticipate events.

Short-term memory can hold about ___ pieces of information according to ____________.

Cash is satisfying-learned to associate them with other rewards-food/medicine we buy with it.

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Raymond Cattell: ability to reason abstractedly, form logical relationships and learn quickly.

Theoretical approach that highlights how we process, store and retrieve information?

Characterized by persistent, repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behaviors (compulsions).

Which of the following most accurately describes an impact of punishment?

Stage 5-young adults interpret past and present to form a meaningful identity.

The third stage of the sexual response cycle is called ____________.

Tendency overemphasize dispositional factors/underemphasize situational factors-other people.

The ___________ stage occurs from puberty to adulthood; heterosexual pleasure/experimentation.

Persistent, uncontrollable apprehension about wide range of life situations; anxiety.

Plays important role in controlling arousal.

Remembering phone numbers in groups instead of individual numbers is an example of:

Which of the following phrases accurately describes top down processing?

Behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

Hypnosis does not reduce brain activity in the __________, which receives raw sensory input.

Humanist psychologist created _______ which prioritizes needs in a pyramid of ascending values.

During the _______ stage, young boys develop sexual feelings toward mother and fear castration.

___________ occurs when you think/behave in ways that is opposite of own unacceptable thoughts.

Which of the following’s primary function is processing memories?

This visual perception technique is known as:

During the ________ stage of sexual development, infant's libido is dormant; energy sublimated.

A person's expectations of another person lead that latter person to behave in an expected way.

Physical arousal and cognitive labeling of arousal produce subjective experience of emotion.

Break up with girlfriend-late to work-boss attributes your tardiness as lack of motivation.

_______, demonstrated taste aversion in rats, biological constraints to classical conditioning.

In classical conditioning, a learned response to a conditioned stimulus (CS).

Principles of operant conditioning best explained by:

Just by being around Mr. Preite all year, Escamilla has developed a fond liking of him.

New information is actively reviewed/related to information already stored in long-term memory.

Previously neutral stimulus (tone) that, after association with US (food) comes to trigger CR.

Research on physical attractiveness has shown that:

Meet three students at FIU-all very good at Calculus; assume must have excellent math program.

Frontal lobe neurons-scientists believe fire when when observing another performing an action.

An eating disorder-binge eating followed by vomiting, excessive exercise, and/or laxatives.

Complaints of bodily symptoms with no detectable medical cause but caused by the mind.

Includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear.

_____________, characterized by periods of alternating depression and ____________.

Retina contains three different color receptors—one sensitive to red, green and blue.

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone; pitch.

Which of the following depicts a behavioral approach to psychology.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning agonists and antagonists?

Based on the reality principle, mediating demands of the unconscious id and superego.

Research-insight learning; believed behaviorists underestimated animals’ cognitive processes.

Depth perception is partly innate, discovered by using the _____________ experiment.

Portion of cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head; sensory input for touch/body position.

Generally speaking, heritability is the extent to which:

Individual experiences brain damage that produces coma. Part of the brain was probably damaged?

A neuron’s bushy, branching extensions receive messages/conduct impulses toward the cell body.

When arousal is too low, our minds wander and become bored. When too high, become too anxious.

Spinal cord contains mechanism of blocking/allowing pain signals to pass on to the brain.

Experimental results caused by expectations alone; typical for experiments-subliminal messages.

Emotion is the experience of changes in our facial muscles.

Parents set rigid rules, enforce strict punishment, and rarely listen to child’s point of view.

According to psychoanalytic theory, bases for developing mental disorders based upon:

Children do not orientate to caregiver and are extremely independent emotionally/physically.

Make moral judgments, typical of adolescents/young adults, compliance with societal rules.

Gestalt psychology is primarily concerned with the understanding of:

Amplified recording of waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface; electrodes.

This visual perception technique is known as:

Julio suffers fragmented thinking and distorted, false beliefs. Most likely suffers from:

A technique for revealing blood flow (brain activity) by comparing successive MRI scans.

A major proponent of the divided consciousness theory of hypnosis.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most effective for treating:

Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

_________ secretes growth hormone. Too little produces dwarfism; too much results in gigantism.

To see faces in clouds and ambiguous stimuli-partly based on what perception principle?

Process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.

A continuous, long-term (chronic) form of depression.

The smallest units of meaning in a language. For example: untouchable-prefix un, root touch.

Which of the following drugs produces effects similar to a near-death experience?

The probability concluding that a difference exists when in fact the difference does not exist.

People who suffer from _____________ are unable to form new memories.

Big Five traits-high scorers tend to be intellectually curious/open to new experiences.

The Stanley Milgram shock experiment was instructive in demonstrating the power of ___________.

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Unduly alarmed or convinced that they have a serious illness.

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

Adding undesirable consequence or withdraw something desirable-decrease child’s bad behavior.

The factor that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter.

Individuals are less likely to assist in an emergency situation when other people present.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning schizophrenia?

The finding that consciously retrieving (not rereading) information enhances memory.

Which of the following is NOT included in the general adaptation syndrome by Hans Selye?

_______________ theory; emotions depend on physical arousal and cognitive labeling of arousal.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the use of punishment?

After attending baseball camp, little William copied some trash talk into his daily life.

___________ (receiving food when hungry) is/are innately satisfying—no learning is required.

______________ is the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other irrelevant stimuli.

Arrive late to work, blame ex-girlfriend and remind boss of all customers who like you.

After taking SAT three times, you received three very similar scores. The SAT is said to have:

Ralph aware smoking is harmful but continues anyways. He will most likely respond to criticism:

This visual perception technique is most likely:

Reported that infant attachment goes beyond the satisfaction for the need for nourishment.

Parents set firm rules, reasonable listen to child’s viewpoint; insisting respectable behavior.

_________ argues that child’s attachment style dependent on behavior mother shows towards them.

The _____________ model is composed of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga were important contributors to ____________ research.

Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on/off in quick succession.

Controls eating, drinking and body temperature-linked to emotion and reward.

Instability in mood, behavior and self-image, impulsive actions and unstable relationships.

Attempting to alleviate stress by changing stressor or how we interact with that stressor.