Exam 2 Review

Documents that contain official data on crime that is reported to law enforcement agencies and then to the FBI

A veteran police officer's criticism of a rookie police officer for not acting aggressively enough

One advantage that modern large organizations have over traditional formal bureaucracies is that _____________.

Bourdieu emphasizes the importance of "cultural capital" in determining a child's later social class.

A social system in which one's social status is determined at birth and set for life.

Conflict theorists would argue that laws ________________.

According to differential association theory, who is more likely to be a delinquent?

How does the government determine the poverty line?

An organization marked by a clear hierarchy of authority and written rules, staffed by full-time salaried officials

According to Michelle Alexander, understanding mass incarceration requires understanding that __________.

Rule by a small minority within an organization or society.

A group that provides a standard for judging one's attitudes or behaviors

A criminal act by an offender who is motivated by some bias, such as racism, sexism, or homophobia.

If crime is seen as a product of deprivation or social disorganization, policies might be aimed at ________.

What is the basis of Karl Marx's theory of class?

The social knowledge and connections that enable people to accomplish their goals and extend their influence

Suggests that people become "deviant" because certain labels are attached to their behavior

People in blue-collar and pink-collar occupations typically make up the ___________________.

Norms that guide casual or everyday interactions. Violations are sanctioned subtly or not at all.

The minimal requirements necessary to sustain a healthy existence (for example, lack of food)

Forms of activity that have some of the characteristics of orthodox businesses but are illegal are called _______.

A food manufacturer puts false nutrition information on its product labels. This is an example of _________.

Movement up or down a social stratification hierarchy within the course of a personal career.

Why might community policing be an effective approach to reducing crime?

A process by which the members of a group ignore ways of thinking and plans that go against the group consensus

What term describes the movement of individuals or groups among different social positions?

A collection of people who happen to be together in a particular place but do not interact or identify with one another

Jack and Carol told Thomas that they want to try a new restaurant in town. Jack and Carol formed a(n)_____

Divorce shows how fragile dyads are as social groups because __________________.

Gregory is a CEO of a corporation who emphasizes that his staff meet deadlines and provide quality service.

Caste systems require that individuals marry within their social group. This is referred to as ____________.

Which of the following would be an example of why a person would want to be part of a secondary group?

Norms that are widely adhered to and have great moral or social significance.

People who own companies, land, or stocks and use these to generate economic returns

A key reason that New York's "stop and frisk" policy was banned by a federal judge was that _____________.

The ability to think, act, and make choices independently

Google Inc. has a weekly corporate event geared toward building rituals and traditions unique to that company.

A government program that provides economic assistance to persons faced with unemployment, disability, or old age

Movement up or down a social stratification hierarchy within the course of a personal career.

A collection of people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations and identity.

Kay is a teacher and her husband is a police officer. Their combined income is $90,000. Which class do they fit into?

Payment, usually derived from wages, salaries, or investments.

People who share a common characteristic but do not necessarily interact or identify with one another.

Groups toward which one feels antagonism and contempt- "those people"

Rules of behavior established by a political authority and backed by state power.

Soloman Asch's study about group conformity found that _____________________.

A mode of reward or punishment that reinforces socially expected forms of behavior.

A theory proposing that small acts of crime, disorder, and vandalism can threaten a neighborhood and render it unsafe

Sam believes his neighbor's are poor because they have been socialized into a set of beliefs, values and norms.

A group that is characterized by intense emotional ties, face-to-face interaction, intimacy, and commitment.

Which of the following is a social aggregate?

Rosabeth Moss Kanter's work on imbalance of gender roles within modern organizations suggests that _______.

The existence of structured inequalities among groups in society in terms of access to rewards.

A term popularized by Murray to describe individuals who rely on state welfare provision

Critics argue that one of the drawbacks of using the Uniform Crime reports to measure crime is that the reports ________

Robert Michael's concept of the "iron law of oligarchy" demonstrates ______________.

The ability of individuals or group members to achieve aims or further the interests they hold.

Luke refuses to skip class with his friends because he does not want to jeopardize his GPA. His goal is to be a doctor.

Marla feels poor compared to her classmates who can afford new clothes and shoes. Marla is experiencing _____________.

The outcome of multiple deprivations that prevent others from participating in economic, social and political life

Relations that exist in groups and organizations developed on the basis of personal connections

Social deviance is a breach of _______; crime is a breach of ________.

Which of the following is an example of a primary group?