Multiple Choice 3311 Final

Participants do not know which treatment condition they are in BUT the researchers know.

Any change in a participant's performance that can be attributed to the experimenter.

We use block randomization when there are testing schedules or arrangement of sets of test items for a test / exam.

An interaction effect is not likely to occur when the SMEs of 1 variable are the same at different levels of the 2nd.

______ refers to the extent to which a study's results can be applied or generalized to a real-world population.

Selection bias occurs most often in ex-post facto studies where random assignment is not possible.

During math process, extremely low scores and high scores may average out as “normal” scores, which affects results.

The difference in results of a subject who naturally develops skills between pre-test at age 3 and post-up at age 6 may

This occurs when there is some sort of fault or bias in an observer’s measurement.

A type II error occurs when you do not reject the H0 when the H0 is not true.

Both the IV “A” and the IV “B” are within-subjects BECAUSE they are inside parentheses.

A cell is a...

When deception or a disguised experiment is implemented, researchers are required to ___ the participants.

Construct validity refers to the extent to which the effect of the DV is due only to the variation of the IV.

Where will you see the history effect?

An interaction effect is likely to occur when the SME of1 variable isn't the same at diff levels of the 2nd variable.

Giving participants a general overview of the study, but not what we are exactly researching / looking for.

A mixed factorial design where IV “A” is between-subjects and IV “B” is within-subjects

Neither the participants nor the researchers know who has which treatment, preventing bias.

A mixed factorial design where IV "B" is between-subjects and IV "A" is withi-subjects

When participants no longer want to participate in study/dies/moves away...

Studies without human researcher interference which can reduce experimentation effects.

When participants are assigned to a group based on self-selected trait in ex-post factos, like nationality it may cause…

Complete and incomplete counterbalancing are techniques classified under intrasubject counterbalancing.

This occurs when the participant responds differently in an experiment due to preconceived ideas / motives, etc.

The ability for the experiment to detect the effect of ONLY the IV of the DV.

This is a field experiment where the participant DOES NOT KNOW that they are participating in a study.

Matching reduces individual differences which increases sensitivity.

In a single-blind placebo, participants know which treatment condition they are in, but the researchers do not.

Reject H0 when H0 is not true (correct decision).

Significant = p < 0.05

This involves separating participants by an extraneous variable, yet restricts population size and generalization.

When you use two IVs to determine differences in the DV and achieves both control and sensitivity…

______ refers to the extent to which the meaning of a concept can be inferred from the operational definition.

Eliminating any undesirable influence that the experiment may have on participants.

The sequencing effect is most likely to occur in a...

Type I Error can be controlled by increasing the sample size and/or the size of the treatment effect.

Fred's observation notes may be inaccurate due to a lack of sleep and energy. This is an example of...

Random Assignment = Generalization

The study must/SHOULD have internal validity.

A positive carry-over effect is a participant's general improvement during the course of testing.

You should use matching before randomization to get sensitivity.

Group is matched with group from selected variables.

Something that occurs during the experiment that may affect results.

______ refers to the extent to which the results from a lab/experimental setting can be applied to a real-world setting.

In the matching by equating participants technique, precision control is more flexible than frequency distribution.

______ refers to the extent to which the effect measured from the DV is due ONLY to a variation of the IV.

Reduces individual differences which increases sensitivity.

A factorial between-subjects with IV "A" and IV "B"

A negative sequencing effect is a participant's regression during the course of testing.

This is an example of what kind of interaction?

This is an example of what kind of interaction?

The study must/SHOULD have external validity.

This is an example of what kind of interaction?

To control for effect of statistical regression, we want to include only significant scores - not non-extreme scores.

Precision Control (Case by Case) & Frequency Distribution (Group by Group) are techniques of…

Randomization allows for better control than matching.

Insignificant = p > 0.05

A type I error is a false negative // failing to reject/accept the null hypothesis when the null is false.

CAN be helpful in determining if topic is worth studying but may sensitize participants to actual experiment.

A type 1 error occurs as a false positive, or when we reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.

Control techniques include randomization, matching, and counterbalancing.

_____ involves having the control group and experimental group experience the event + response at the same time.

Random Sampling = Control

"S" means "participants" in various designs.

An interaction is most likely to occur in which type of interaction?

Participant matched with participant from selected variables.

Matching reduces both KNOWN and UNKNOWN individual differences.

Counterbalancing // random sampling, assignment and randomization using random number tables and block randomization.

In a double-blind placebo, participants do not know which treatment condition they are in but the researchers know.

Effect Size is a numerical index that tells us the direction of an effect.

A study should have both external and internal validity to be considered a "good design."

Adopting a significance level of 0.05 instead of 0.01 decreases the chances of making a type I error.

Pretesting can be helpful in determining if a topic is worth studying, but it may sensitize subjects to the experiment.

The study must be designed in a way that answers the research question.

Biasing influences that usually arise from a participant’s knowledge of or familiarity with, the experiment.

Biological or psychological internal changes over time.