The harmonic series of a pipe open on both ends is measured. Then, the pipe is blocked on one end. Which is true?

Certain overtones in the original spectrum will have disappeared

In a perfect LC resonator, where is the majority of the energy stored during oscillations?

Alternatively in the electric and magnetic field

In any isothermal process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?

Change of internal energy of the system

How does the relativistic mass of an object change as its velocity increases?

Increases asymptotically with velocity

A superconducting loop with area A is in a magnetic field B. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?

It cannot be determined from the information given

On the other hand, what does Karthin observe?

Karthik's time passes slower except at Karthin's turning point

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Bernoulli's incompressible flow equation to apply?

Constant potential along a streamline

At what point in the source's trajectory is there no Doppler shift?

In between point of closest approach and apparent closest approach

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?

Gas particles have negligible mass

Why does it get harder to accelerate a mass the faster it goes to the speed of light?

Its effective mass increases asymptotically as v approaches c

What is the DC equivalent of the capacitor and inductor in steady-state behavior?

Capacitor: open circuit; Inductor: short circuit

In the COM frame of an elastic collision between two particles, which of the following must be true after the collision?

The speeds of both particles are the same as before the collision

In any adiabatic process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?

Heat transferred into the system

Is the Doppler shift greater if a siren drives towards you or if you drive towards a siren at the same speed?

If the siren is moving, since sound waves get more compressed

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SI Physics Camp Lightning Review

100 termsStudBud Administration20 plays

Written by Daniel Sun. Developed for the Science Infinity Seattle physics camp. #1-20 Mechanics, #21-40 Electromagnetism, #41-60 Thermodynamics, #71-80 Relativity, #81-90 Waves, #91-99 Modern. Solution manual with explanations: https://www.overleaf.com/read/rrjztnfvdcfm

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
In free expansion, which of the following quantities must necessarily change?
Temperature
Number of particles
Internal energy
Entropy
2
The harmonic series of a pipe open on both ends is measured. Then, the pipe is blocked on one end. Which is true?
Certain overtones in the original spectrum will have disappeared
The same number of frequencies will still be measured
The fundamental harmonic will change frequency
The same values for frequencies will still be measured
3
Which of the following pairs of conjugate variables is not correctly matched?
Position, momentum
Electric field, magnetic field
Energy, time
Angular momentum, angle
4
A Carnot engine is run between two identical bodies, initially at 100 K and 400 K. Find their equilibrium temperature.
375 K
250 K
200 K
300 K
5
The Carnot Theorem is a restatement of which of the following laws?
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
6
In any isentropic process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be equal to zero?
Neither δQ nor ΔS
ΔS but not necessarily δQ
Both δQ and ΔS
δQ but not necessarily ΔS
7
A simple pendulum oscillating on Earth has period T. What is its period on the moon, with gravity 0.166g?
T
2.45 T
0.407 T
0.166 T
8
In a perfect LC resonator, where is the majority of the energy stored during oscillations?
In the voltage drop across the wires
Alternatively in the electric and magnetic field
In the current running through the wires
Simultaneously in the electric and magnetic field
9
A particle of mass m is trapped in a 1-D box. Find the ratio of the energy of the nth excited state to the ground state.
2n : 1
n : 1
3n/2 : 1
n/2 : 1
10
With the same overall voltage, what is the ratio of power dissipated by two resistors connected in parallel vs. series?
4:1
1:2
1:1
2:1
11
In any isothermal process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?
Change of internal energy of the system
Heat transferred into the system
Change of entropy of the system
Work done by the system
12
An 8 g bullet with speed 250 m/s hits a wall and stops in 0.5 s. What is the avg force on the wall during the collision?
400 N
4 N
40 N
4000 N
13
How does the relativistic mass of an object change as its velocity increases?
Increases linearly with velocity
Increases asymptotically with velocity
Increases exponentially with velocity
It is invariant
14
About how much energy does it take to vaporize 1 mL of water?
2.264 J
22.64 J
226.4 J
2264 J
15
A superconducting loop with area A is in a magnetic field B. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
It cannot be determined from the information given
More than AB
AB
Less than AB
16
In which of the following conditions does Gauss's Law fail?
None; it is a universal law.
Presence of external magnetic field
Presence of external electric field
Moving charges
17
On the other hand, what does Karthin observe?
Karthik turns around in Karthin's frame, so Karthik appears younger
Karthik's time passes slower except at Karthin's turning point
Karthik's time passes faster except at Karthin's turning point
Because of the turnaround, no net time dilation occurs
18
A change in which of the following quantities is most useful for measuring the spontaneity of an isobaric process?
Internal energy
Helmholtz free energy
Entropy
Gibbs free energy
19
I'm on a rocket ship travelling at 0.99c when I shine a laser backwards. What is the speed of wavefronts, in lab frame?
1.99c
c
0.99c
0.01c
20
A point charge is placed inside a spherical conducting shell. On which surfaces do charge appear?
None, due to electrostatic shielding
Outside only
Inside only
Inside and outside
21
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Bernoulli's incompressible flow equation to apply?
Constant density along a streamline
Steady-state, time-invariant flow
Negligible fluid viscosity
Constant potential along a streamline
22
At what point in the source's trajectory is there no Doppler shift?
Point where observer sees the source as closest
Before the point of closest approach
In between point of closest approach and apparent closest approach
Point of closest approach
23
Karthik zooms past Daniel in a rocket. Daniel sees that Karthik's clock is going 2x slower. What does Karthik see?
Daniel's clock goes 4x faster
Daniel's clock goes 2x faster
Daniel's clock goes 4x slower
Daniel's clock goes 2x slower
24
What is the potential relative to infinity on a point charge q, a distance d from an infinite grounded conducting plane?
-kq^2/2d
kq^2/2d
-kq^2/4d
kq^2/4d
25
A meterstick is swung "like a sword" at 0.6c. What is the length of the meterstick in the lab frame?
1.25 m
1 m
0.8 m
0.6 m
26
The Doppler broadening of the spectrum of atoms in a star with rms velocity v is on which of the following orders?
(v/c)^2
(v/c)^3
1
v/c
27
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?
Gas particles have negligible mass
Gas particles have negligible relativistic and quantum-mechanical effects
Gas particles have negligible intermolecular interaction
Gas particles have negligible volume
28
Halley's Comet orbits the Sun with a period of about 75 years. Estimate the semi-major axis of its orbit.
1334 AU
18 AU
316 AU
4 AU
29
Why does it get harder to accelerate a mass the faster it goes to the speed of light?
It becomes harder for any pushing apparatus to catch up with the mass
The Lorentz transformation destructively interferes with any applied force
Its effective mass increases asymptotically as v approaches c
It does not get harder to accelerate because F=ma
30
What is the DC equivalent of the capacitor and inductor in steady-state behavior?
Capacitor: open circuit; Inductor: short circuit
Capacitor: short circuit; Inductor: open circuit
Capacitor: open circuit; Inductor: open circuit
Capacitor: short circuit; Inductor: short circuit
31
A pirate races at 0.5c towards the front of a ship travelling at 0.5c. What is the pirate's speed, in lab frame?
0.5c
c
0.8c
0.99c
32
In the COM frame of an elastic collision between two particles, which of the following must be true after the collision?
The two particles switch speeds
The particles have the same kinetic energy
The speeds of both particles are the same as before the collision
The particle with less momentum will change direction
33
In any adiabatic process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?
Work done by the system
Change of entropy of the system
Heat transferred into the system
Change of internal energy of the system
34
The limit of quantized energies as energies get large tends to be closest to which of the following?
Appears continuous, with noticeable quantum effects
Continues to be discrete, with noticeable quantum effects
Appears classically discrete
Appears classically continuous
35
A 50 kg dumbbell tied to a waterwheel in a 100 mL beaker of water descends by 1 m. What is ΔT of the water?
12 K
0.12 K
1.2 K
0.012 K
36
What is the fundamental frequency produced by a cable with density 1 kg/m, tension 10000 N, and length 2 m?
25 Hz
50 Hz
5000 Hz
2500 Hz
37
A water pipe goes up a slope on Earth; then, ΔP=-100 kPa. What is the ΔP of the same pipe on Mars, with gravity 0.4g?
-63 kPa
-100 kPa
-16 kPa
-40 kPa
38
If a screen is 1 meter away from a diffraction pattern with first minimum at 0.07 rad, how wide is the central maximum?
5 cm
10 cm
14 cm
7 cm
39
In which of the following conditions does Coulomb's Law fail?
Moving charges
Presence of external magnetic field
Presence of external electric field
None; it is a universal law.
40
A sample of well-insulated helium undergoes expansion to 8 times its volume. By what factor does the pressure drop?
1/8
1/16
1/4
1/32
41
What is the momentum of a relativistic baseball with rest mass 0.2 kg travelling at 0.8c=2.4*10^8 m/s?
2.4*10^7 kg m/s
4.8*10^7 kg m/s
3.6*10^7 kg m/s
8*10^7 kg m/s
42
What basic units of wave phenomena, when superposed, create standing waves?
Travelling waves
Diffraction patterns
Interference ripples
Delta functions
43
With what power of distance from a gravitating object does the magnitude of the tidal force depend?
Inverse cube
Inverse square
Linear
Inverse
44
With what power of distance between two electric dipoles does their force of attraction depend?
Inverse square
Inverse quartic
Inverse
Inverse cube
45
Is the Doppler shift greater if a siren drives towards you or if you drive towards a siren at the same speed?
If the siren is moving, since sound waves get more compressed
They are the same due to relativity
If you are driving, since you hit sound waves sooner
It depends on the frequency of the siren and the speed of sound
46
Gravity always acts stronger on the closer side of an object than the farther. What phenomenon is this called?
Centrifugal force
Tidal force
Euler force
Coriolis force
47
What is the electrostatic force on a point charge q, a distance d from an infinite grounded conducting plane?
kq^2/4d^2, repulsive
kq^2/d^2, attractive
kq^2/d^2, repulsive
kq^2/4d^2, attractive
48
Which of the following is NOT correct?
ΔS = δQ / T
δW = -PΔV
ΔU = δQ + δW
ΔP = nRΔT / ΔV
49
Karthik's twin Karthin goes on a rocket at 0.6c for a year, then turns around and comes back. How much older is Karthik?
0 years
0.4 years
2 years
1 year
50
What is the factor of transverse Doppler shift at the moment the source and receiver are closest?
√((1+β)/(1-β))
√((1-β)/(1+β))
γ
1/γ
51
A 6 kg particle moves in a straight line at 4 m/s. What is its angular momentum relative to a point 5 m from the line?
24 kg m/s
30 kg m
120 kg m^2/s
The answer changes in time because the particle doesn't move in a circle.
52
Which of the following units is most appropriate for reporting the linear momentum of protons in the LHC?
TeV/c^2
MeV/c^2
MeV/c
TeV/c
53
A 50 kg ice skater is travelling at 10 m/s. Given that μ_k=0.005, how far can they skid before they come to a stop?
10000 m
1000 m
10 m
100 m
54
Which of the following is a correct expression for the relativistic force F on a particle?
d/dt (mv)
d/dt (γmv)
ma
γma
55
Given that the ionization energy of hydrogen-1 is 13.6 eV, what is the energy of the first Lyman line?
3.4 eV
13.6 eV
10.2 eV
6.8 eV
56
In Interstellar, Cooper claims that 1 hour on Miller is equal to 7 years on Earth. Estimate the relativistic factor γ.
600000
6000
60000
6000000
57
If a quantum system is measured to have a definite position, which of the following properties must not be well known?
Linear momentum
Energy
Spin
Angular momentum
58
About how much energy does it take to melt 1 g of ice into 1 mL of water?
33.4 J
3340 J
334 J
3.34 J
59
A blackbody has emissivity 0.7, area 1 m^2, and temperature 100K. What is its absorptivity? σ≈6*10^-8 W m^-2 K^-4
1
0.7
0.3
0
60
A particle of mass 7*10^-27 kg moving toward a wall at 900 m/s elastically rebounds. How much momentum is transferred?
1.3*10^-29 kg m/s
6.3*10^-30 kg m/s
6.3*10^-24 kg m/s
1.3*10^-23 kg m/s
61
Which of the following facts follows directly from Faraday's Law and Ampere's Law?
Electric field and magnetic field are independent entities
Changing magnetic field induces an electric field, but not vice versa
A change in either field induces the other
Changing electric field induces a magnetic field, but not vice versa
62
A two-state system has energies 0 and E. What is the expected proportion of particles in the ground state?
0
1/(1 + e^(-E/kT))
1 + e^(-E/kT)
1
63
An event happens at coordinates (4,3,2,1) in frame S. What are the coordinates in frame S', travelling at velocity v?
(4-v, 3, 2, 1-4v/c^2)
(γ(4-v), 3γ, 2γ, γ(1-4v/c^2))
(γ(4-v), 3, 2, γ(1-4v/c^2))
(γ(4-v), 3γ, 2γ, 1-4v/c^2)
64
At what angle, in radians, will the first minimum of a diffraction pattern be for 700 nm light with 10 μm wide slits?
0.7
70
7
0.07
65
A blackbody has emissivity 0.7, area 1 m^2, and temperature 100K. What is its output power? σ≈6*10^-8 W m^-2 K^-4
42 W
420 W
4200 W
4.2 W
66
Two oboists play tuning pitches of 438 Hz and 442 Hz simultaneously. What is the beat frequency produced?
0 Hz
4 Hz
440 Hz
2 Hz
67
How does the resistance of a copper wire change as its temperature is increased, and why?
Resistance increases because the band gap decreases
Resistance increases because electron mean free time decreases
Resistance decreases because electron mean free time decreases
Resistance decreases because the band gap decreases
68
What is the magnetic dipole moment of a circular superconducting loop with radius 1 m carrying current 50 A?
50π A m^2
100π A m^2
100π A m
50π A m
69
What is the maximum efficiency of a heat engine running between reservoirs of temperatures 27° C and 127° C?
75%
25%
21%
79%
70
Which of the following quantities is not affected by a Lorentz transformation?
Simultaneity (Δt)
Relativistic mass
Electric charge
Static magnetic field
71
A 5 kg block sits on a ramp with μ_s=1.73. What is the largest angle of the ramp such that the block does not slip?
30°
60°
15°
45°
72
What is the total energy of an electron with rest mass 0.5 MeV/c^2 travelling with relativistic factor γ=30?
0.5 MeV
15c^2 MeV
15 MeV
0.5c^2 MeV
73
What is the magnetic field strength a distance of 5 m away from an infinitely long wire carrying 250 mA? μ0=4π*10^-7 H/m
1 μT
1 nT
100 nT
10 nT
74
Unpolarized light of intensity 100 W/m^2 is passed through an ideal linear polarizer. What is the resulting intensity?
50 W/m^2
It depends on the size of the polarizer
25 W/m^2
100 W/m^2
75
In any isochoric process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?
Change of entropy of the system
Change of internal energy of the system
Heat transferred into the system
Work done by the system
76
In general, how does the impedance of a series RLC circuit change as ω is varied from 0 to ∞?
Decreases, then increases
Increases, then decreases
Stays constant
Increases without bound
77
Polarized light of intensity 100 W/m^2 is passed through a polarizer at an angle of 30°. Find the resulting intensity.
25 W/m^2
75 W/m^2
50 W/m^2
100 W/m^2
78
A circular hoop with mass 5 kg and radius 1 m hangs vertically from a nail in a wall. What is its moment of inertia?
5 kg m^2
20 kg m^2
10 kg m^2
15 kg m^2
79
You're riding a carousel when you decide to analyze the forces in your frame. Which of the following do you NOT observe?
Coriolis force
Centrifugal force
Normal force
Gravitational force
80
Bob goes skydiving. Let the force of gravity be -F_g and air resistance F_d. What net force does he feel in his frame?
-F_g
0
F_d-F_g
F_d
81
A magnetic field uniformly increases in the +z direction. How should a loop be oriented to maximize the induced e.m.f.?
Perpendicular to the x-y plane and rotating about the z-axis
In the x-y plane
In the y-z plane
In the x-z plane
82
In which of the following conditions is Kirchhoff's Loop rule invalid?
Presence of capacitors
Presence of uniform external electric field
Presence of power sources
Presence of changing magnetic field
83
To ensure the stability of a lifeboat, how should the center of buoyancy and center of mass be related?
The center of buoyancy should be level with the center of mass
The center of buoyancy should coincide perfectly with the center of mass
The center of buoyancy should be below the center of mass
The center of buoyancy should be above the center of mass
84
A Carnot engine with efficiency of 25% exhausts 100 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it do per cycle?
300 J
400 J
25 J
33 J
85
Which of the following is necessarily 0 inside a conductor for electrostatics?
Voltage
Vector potential
Magnetic field
Electric field
86
In a photoelectric effect experiment, stopping potential is graphed against frequency of radiation. Which is correct?
Slope is work function; y-intercept is Planck's constant
Slope is Planck's constant; y-intercept is work function
Slope is Planck's constant; y-intercept is 0
Slope is reduced Planck's constant; y-intercept is work function
87
Which of the following conditions for path length difference will give total constructive two-source interference?
(n+1/3)λ
nλ
(n/2)λ
(n+1/2)λ
88
Kirchhoff's Junction rule is a consequence of the invariance/conservation of which of the following quantities?
Mass
Energy
Momentum
Charge
89
Which thickness of a soap film in air results in orange 600 nm light being perfectly reflected?
150 nm
300 nm
600 nm
200 nm
90
Is the Doppler shift greater if a light moves toward you or if you move towards the light at the same speed?
It depends on the frequency of the light and the speed of light
If the light is moving, since the light waves get more compresed
If you are moving, since you hit light waves sooner
They are the same due to relativity
91
An apple in free-fall experiences a net force due to Earth's gravity. What is the Newton's 3rd Law reaction force?
Apple on the air
Earth on the apple
Air on the apple
Apple on the Earth
92
I'm enjoying a glass of ice water. As my ice cubes melt, how will the level of the water change? Ignore evaporation.
Stay the same
Decrease
Increase, then decrease
Increase
93
A mass oscillating vertically on a spring on Earth has period T. What is its period on the moon, with gravity 0.166g?
0.407 T
0.166 T
T
2.45 T
94
Bob throws a piece of gum at a ball. After impact, the gum sticks to the ball. Which of the following is NOT conserved?
Mass
Mechanical energy
Angular momentum
Linear momentum
95
What is the resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit with resistance 10 Ω, inductance 2 H, and capacitance 2 F?
0.5 Hz
4π Hz
2 Hz
0.25/π Hz
96
Thank you for attending the camp! SURVEY (no points): What was/were your favorite physics subject(s)?
Relativity/Waves/Modern
Thermodynamics
Electromagnetism
Mechanics
97
The energy of a quantum harmonic oscillator is given by ħω(1/2 + n). What is the lowest possible energy?
ħω/2
2ħω
0
ħω
98
Where does the limit of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle come from, and what does it mean?
Thermal noise in apparatus disrupts simultaneous measurement of properties
Quantum behavior at the Planck scale is too small to reliably measure
It is a quantum limit that is simply a fact of life
To observe quantum behavior, we must remain ignorant of some details
99
A planet orbits the Sun in an ellipse. Is the average distance from the Sun closer to the aphelion or perihelion?
It cannot be determined from the information given
Aphelion (farthest distance from Sun)
It is equal to the mean of the aphelion and perihelion
Perihelion (closest distance to Sun)
100
A meterstick is thrown like a spear at a speed of 0.6c. What is the length of the meterstick in the lab frame?
1.25 m
1 m
0.8 m
0.6 m

SI Physics Camp Lightning Review Flashcards | StudBud

SI Physics Camp Lightning Review

100 termsStudBud Administration20 plays

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
In free expansion, which of the following quantities must necessarily change?
Temperature
Number of particles
Internal energy
Entropy
2
The harmonic series of a pipe open on both ends is measured. Then, the pipe is blocked on one end. Which is true?
Certain overtones in the original spectrum will have disappeared
The same number of frequencies will still be measured
The fundamental harmonic will change frequency
The same values for frequencies will still be measured
3
Which of the following pairs of conjugate variables is not correctly matched?
Position, momentum
Electric field, magnetic field
Energy, time
Angular momentum, angle
4
A Carnot engine is run between two identical bodies, initially at 100 K and 400 K. Find their equilibrium temperature.
375 K
250 K
200 K
300 K
5
The Carnot Theorem is a restatement of which of the following laws?
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
6
In any isentropic process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be equal to zero?
Neither δQ nor ΔS
ΔS but not necessarily δQ
Both δQ and ΔS
δQ but not necessarily ΔS
7
A simple pendulum oscillating on Earth has period T. What is its period on the moon, with gravity 0.166g?
T
2.45 T
0.407 T
0.166 T
8
In a perfect LC resonator, where is the majority of the energy stored during oscillations?
In the voltage drop across the wires
Alternatively in the electric and magnetic field
In the current running through the wires
Simultaneously in the electric and magnetic field
9
A particle of mass m is trapped in a 1-D box. Find the ratio of the energy of the nth excited state to the ground state.
2n : 1
n : 1
3n/2 : 1
n/2 : 1
10
With the same overall voltage, what is the ratio of power dissipated by two resistors connected in parallel vs. series?
4:1
1:2
1:1
2:1
11
In any isothermal process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?
Change of internal energy of the system
Heat transferred into the system
Change of entropy of the system
Work done by the system
12
An 8 g bullet with speed 250 m/s hits a wall and stops in 0.5 s. What is the avg force on the wall during the collision?
400 N
4 N
40 N
4000 N
13
How does the relativistic mass of an object change as its velocity increases?
Increases linearly with velocity
Increases asymptotically with velocity
Increases exponentially with velocity
It is invariant
14
About how much energy does it take to vaporize 1 mL of water?
2.264 J
22.64 J
226.4 J
2264 J
15
A superconducting loop with area A is in a magnetic field B. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
It cannot be determined from the information given
More than AB
AB
Less than AB
16
In which of the following conditions does Gauss's Law fail?
None; it is a universal law.
Presence of external magnetic field
Presence of external electric field
Moving charges
17
On the other hand, what does Karthin observe?
Karthik turns around in Karthin's frame, so Karthik appears younger
Karthik's time passes slower except at Karthin's turning point
Karthik's time passes faster except at Karthin's turning point
Because of the turnaround, no net time dilation occurs
18
A change in which of the following quantities is most useful for measuring the spontaneity of an isobaric process?
Internal energy
Helmholtz free energy
Entropy
Gibbs free energy
19
I'm on a rocket ship travelling at 0.99c when I shine a laser backwards. What is the speed of wavefronts, in lab frame?
1.99c
c
0.99c
0.01c
20
A point charge is placed inside a spherical conducting shell. On which surfaces do charge appear?
None, due to electrostatic shielding
Outside only
Inside only
Inside and outside
21
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Bernoulli's incompressible flow equation to apply?
Constant density along a streamline
Steady-state, time-invariant flow
Negligible fluid viscosity
Constant potential along a streamline
22
At what point in the source's trajectory is there no Doppler shift?
Point where observer sees the source as closest
Before the point of closest approach
In between point of closest approach and apparent closest approach
Point of closest approach
23
Karthik zooms past Daniel in a rocket. Daniel sees that Karthik's clock is going 2x slower. What does Karthik see?
Daniel's clock goes 4x faster
Daniel's clock goes 2x faster
Daniel's clock goes 4x slower
Daniel's clock goes 2x slower
24
What is the potential relative to infinity on a point charge q, a distance d from an infinite grounded conducting plane?
-kq^2/2d
kq^2/2d
-kq^2/4d
kq^2/4d
25
A meterstick is swung "like a sword" at 0.6c. What is the length of the meterstick in the lab frame?
1.25 m
1 m
0.8 m
0.6 m
26
The Doppler broadening of the spectrum of atoms in a star with rms velocity v is on which of the following orders?
(v/c)^2
(v/c)^3
1
v/c
27
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?
Gas particles have negligible mass
Gas particles have negligible relativistic and quantum-mechanical effects
Gas particles have negligible intermolecular interaction
Gas particles have negligible volume
28
Halley's Comet orbits the Sun with a period of about 75 years. Estimate the semi-major axis of its orbit.
1334 AU
18 AU
316 AU
4 AU
29
Why does it get harder to accelerate a mass the faster it goes to the speed of light?
It becomes harder for any pushing apparatus to catch up with the mass
The Lorentz transformation destructively interferes with any applied force
Its effective mass increases asymptotically as v approaches c
It does not get harder to accelerate because F=ma
30
What is the DC equivalent of the capacitor and inductor in steady-state behavior?
Capacitor: open circuit; Inductor: short circuit
Capacitor: short circuit; Inductor: open circuit
Capacitor: open circuit; Inductor: open circuit
Capacitor: short circuit; Inductor: short circuit
31
A pirate races at 0.5c towards the front of a ship travelling at 0.5c. What is the pirate's speed, in lab frame?
0.5c
c
0.8c
0.99c
32
In the COM frame of an elastic collision between two particles, which of the following must be true after the collision?
The two particles switch speeds
The particles have the same kinetic energy
The speeds of both particles are the same as before the collision
The particle with less momentum will change direction
33
In any adiabatic process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?
Work done by the system
Change of entropy of the system
Heat transferred into the system
Change of internal energy of the system
34
The limit of quantized energies as energies get large tends to be closest to which of the following?
Appears continuous, with noticeable quantum effects
Continues to be discrete, with noticeable quantum effects
Appears classically discrete
Appears classically continuous
35
A 50 kg dumbbell tied to a waterwheel in a 100 mL beaker of water descends by 1 m. What is ΔT of the water?
12 K
0.12 K
1.2 K
0.012 K
36
What is the fundamental frequency produced by a cable with density 1 kg/m, tension 10000 N, and length 2 m?
25 Hz
50 Hz
5000 Hz
2500 Hz
37
A water pipe goes up a slope on Earth; then, ΔP=-100 kPa. What is the ΔP of the same pipe on Mars, with gravity 0.4g?
-63 kPa
-100 kPa
-16 kPa
-40 kPa
38
If a screen is 1 meter away from a diffraction pattern with first minimum at 0.07 rad, how wide is the central maximum?
5 cm
10 cm
14 cm
7 cm
39
In which of the following conditions does Coulomb's Law fail?
Moving charges
Presence of external magnetic field
Presence of external electric field
None; it is a universal law.
40
A sample of well-insulated helium undergoes expansion to 8 times its volume. By what factor does the pressure drop?
1/8
1/16
1/4
1/32
41
What is the momentum of a relativistic baseball with rest mass 0.2 kg travelling at 0.8c=2.4*10^8 m/s?
2.4*10^7 kg m/s
4.8*10^7 kg m/s
3.6*10^7 kg m/s
8*10^7 kg m/s
42
What basic units of wave phenomena, when superposed, create standing waves?
Travelling waves
Diffraction patterns
Interference ripples
Delta functions
43
With what power of distance from a gravitating object does the magnitude of the tidal force depend?
Inverse cube
Inverse square
Linear
Inverse
44
With what power of distance between two electric dipoles does their force of attraction depend?
Inverse square
Inverse quartic
Inverse
Inverse cube
45
Is the Doppler shift greater if a siren drives towards you or if you drive towards a siren at the same speed?
If the siren is moving, since sound waves get more compressed
They are the same due to relativity
If you are driving, since you hit sound waves sooner
It depends on the frequency of the siren and the speed of sound
46
Gravity always acts stronger on the closer side of an object than the farther. What phenomenon is this called?
Centrifugal force
Tidal force
Euler force
Coriolis force
47
What is the electrostatic force on a point charge q, a distance d from an infinite grounded conducting plane?
kq^2/4d^2, repulsive
kq^2/d^2, attractive
kq^2/d^2, repulsive
kq^2/4d^2, attractive
48
Which of the following is NOT correct?
ΔS = δQ / T
δW = -PΔV
ΔU = δQ + δW
ΔP = nRΔT / ΔV
49
Karthik's twin Karthin goes on a rocket at 0.6c for a year, then turns around and comes back. How much older is Karthik?
0 years
0.4 years
2 years
1 year
50
What is the factor of transverse Doppler shift at the moment the source and receiver are closest?
√((1+β)/(1-β))
√((1-β)/(1+β))
γ
1/γ
51
A 6 kg particle moves in a straight line at 4 m/s. What is its angular momentum relative to a point 5 m from the line?
24 kg m/s
30 kg m
120 kg m^2/s
The answer changes in time because the particle doesn't move in a circle.
52
Which of the following units is most appropriate for reporting the linear momentum of protons in the LHC?
TeV/c^2
MeV/c^2
MeV/c
TeV/c
53
A 50 kg ice skater is travelling at 10 m/s. Given that μ_k=0.005, how far can they skid before they come to a stop?
10000 m
1000 m
10 m
100 m
54
Which of the following is a correct expression for the relativistic force F on a particle?
d/dt (mv)
d/dt (γmv)
ma
γma
55
Given that the ionization energy of hydrogen-1 is 13.6 eV, what is the energy of the first Lyman line?
3.4 eV
13.6 eV
10.2 eV
6.8 eV
56
In Interstellar, Cooper claims that 1 hour on Miller is equal to 7 years on Earth. Estimate the relativistic factor γ.
600000
6000
60000
6000000
57
If a quantum system is measured to have a definite position, which of the following properties must not be well known?
Linear momentum
Energy
Spin
Angular momentum
58
About how much energy does it take to melt 1 g of ice into 1 mL of water?
33.4 J
3340 J
334 J
3.34 J
59
A blackbody has emissivity 0.7, area 1 m^2, and temperature 100K. What is its absorptivity? σ≈6*10^-8 W m^-2 K^-4
1
0.7
0.3
0
60
A particle of mass 7*10^-27 kg moving toward a wall at 900 m/s elastically rebounds. How much momentum is transferred?
1.3*10^-29 kg m/s
6.3*10^-30 kg m/s
6.3*10^-24 kg m/s
1.3*10^-23 kg m/s
61
Which of the following facts follows directly from Faraday's Law and Ampere's Law?
Electric field and magnetic field are independent entities
Changing magnetic field induces an electric field, but not vice versa
A change in either field induces the other
Changing electric field induces a magnetic field, but not vice versa
62
A two-state system has energies 0 and E. What is the expected proportion of particles in the ground state?
0
1/(1 + e^(-E/kT))
1 + e^(-E/kT)
1
63
An event happens at coordinates (4,3,2,1) in frame S. What are the coordinates in frame S', travelling at velocity v?
(4-v, 3, 2, 1-4v/c^2)
(γ(4-v), 3γ, 2γ, γ(1-4v/c^2))
(γ(4-v), 3, 2, γ(1-4v/c^2))
(γ(4-v), 3γ, 2γ, 1-4v/c^2)
64
At what angle, in radians, will the first minimum of a diffraction pattern be for 700 nm light with 10 μm wide slits?
0.7
70
7
0.07
65
A blackbody has emissivity 0.7, area 1 m^2, and temperature 100K. What is its output power? σ≈6*10^-8 W m^-2 K^-4
42 W
420 W
4200 W
4.2 W
66
Two oboists play tuning pitches of 438 Hz and 442 Hz simultaneously. What is the beat frequency produced?
0 Hz
4 Hz
440 Hz
2 Hz
67
How does the resistance of a copper wire change as its temperature is increased, and why?
Resistance increases because the band gap decreases
Resistance increases because electron mean free time decreases
Resistance decreases because electron mean free time decreases
Resistance decreases because the band gap decreases
68
What is the magnetic dipole moment of a circular superconducting loop with radius 1 m carrying current 50 A?
50π A m^2
100π A m^2
100π A m
50π A m
69
What is the maximum efficiency of a heat engine running between reservoirs of temperatures 27° C and 127° C?
75%
25%
21%
79%
70
Which of the following quantities is not affected by a Lorentz transformation?
Simultaneity (Δt)
Relativistic mass
Electric charge
Static magnetic field
71
A 5 kg block sits on a ramp with μ_s=1.73. What is the largest angle of the ramp such that the block does not slip?
30°
60°
15°
45°
72
What is the total energy of an electron with rest mass 0.5 MeV/c^2 travelling with relativistic factor γ=30?
0.5 MeV
15c^2 MeV
15 MeV
0.5c^2 MeV
73
What is the magnetic field strength a distance of 5 m away from an infinitely long wire carrying 250 mA? μ0=4π*10^-7 H/m
1 μT
1 nT
100 nT
10 nT
74
Unpolarized light of intensity 100 W/m^2 is passed through an ideal linear polarizer. What is the resulting intensity?
50 W/m^2
It depends on the size of the polarizer
25 W/m^2
100 W/m^2
75
In any isochoric process, which of the following quantities must necessarily be zero?
Change of entropy of the system
Change of internal energy of the system
Heat transferred into the system
Work done by the system
76
In general, how does the impedance of a series RLC circuit change as ω is varied from 0 to ∞?
Decreases, then increases
Increases, then decreases
Stays constant
Increases without bound
77
Polarized light of intensity 100 W/m^2 is passed through a polarizer at an angle of 30°. Find the resulting intensity.
25 W/m^2
75 W/m^2
50 W/m^2
100 W/m^2
78
A circular hoop with mass 5 kg and radius 1 m hangs vertically from a nail in a wall. What is its moment of inertia?
5 kg m^2
20 kg m^2
10 kg m^2
15 kg m^2
79
You're riding a carousel when you decide to analyze the forces in your frame. Which of the following do you NOT observe?
Coriolis force
Centrifugal force
Normal force
Gravitational force
80
Bob goes skydiving. Let the force of gravity be -F_g and air resistance F_d. What net force does he feel in his frame?
-F_g
0
F_d-F_g
F_d
81
A magnetic field uniformly increases in the +z direction. How should a loop be oriented to maximize the induced e.m.f.?
Perpendicular to the x-y plane and rotating about the z-axis
In the x-y plane
In the y-z plane
In the x-z plane
82
In which of the following conditions is Kirchhoff's Loop rule invalid?
Presence of capacitors
Presence of uniform external electric field
Presence of power sources
Presence of changing magnetic field
83
To ensure the stability of a lifeboat, how should the center of buoyancy and center of mass be related?
The center of buoyancy should be level with the center of mass
The center of buoyancy should coincide perfectly with the center of mass
The center of buoyancy should be below the center of mass
The center of buoyancy should be above the center of mass
84
A Carnot engine with efficiency of 25% exhausts 100 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it do per cycle?
300 J
400 J
25 J
33 J
85
Which of the following is necessarily 0 inside a conductor for electrostatics?
Voltage
Vector potential
Magnetic field
Electric field
86
In a photoelectric effect experiment, stopping potential is graphed against frequency of radiation. Which is correct?
Slope is work function; y-intercept is Planck's constant
Slope is Planck's constant; y-intercept is work function
Slope is Planck's constant; y-intercept is 0
Slope is reduced Planck's constant; y-intercept is work function
87
Which of the following conditions for path length difference will give total constructive two-source interference?
(n+1/3)λ
nλ
(n/2)λ
(n+1/2)λ
88
Kirchhoff's Junction rule is a consequence of the invariance/conservation of which of the following quantities?
Mass
Energy
Momentum
Charge
89
Which thickness of a soap film in air results in orange 600 nm light being perfectly reflected?
150 nm
300 nm
600 nm
200 nm
90
Is the Doppler shift greater if a light moves toward you or if you move towards the light at the same speed?
It depends on the frequency of the light and the speed of light
If the light is moving, since the light waves get more compresed
If you are moving, since you hit light waves sooner
They are the same due to relativity
91
An apple in free-fall experiences a net force due to Earth's gravity. What is the Newton's 3rd Law reaction force?
Apple on the air
Earth on the apple
Air on the apple
Apple on the Earth
92
I'm enjoying a glass of ice water. As my ice cubes melt, how will the level of the water change? Ignore evaporation.
Stay the same
Decrease
Increase, then decrease
Increase
93
A mass oscillating vertically on a spring on Earth has period T. What is its period on the moon, with gravity 0.166g?
0.407 T
0.166 T
T
2.45 T
94
Bob throws a piece of gum at a ball. After impact, the gum sticks to the ball. Which of the following is NOT conserved?
Mass
Mechanical energy
Angular momentum
Linear momentum
95
What is the resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit with resistance 10 Ω, inductance 2 H, and capacitance 2 F?
0.5 Hz
4π Hz
2 Hz
0.25/π Hz
96
Thank you for attending the camp! SURVEY (no points): What was/were your favorite physics subject(s)?
Relativity/Waves/Modern
Thermodynamics
Electromagnetism
Mechanics
97
The energy of a quantum harmonic oscillator is given by ħω(1/2 + n). What is the lowest possible energy?
ħω/2
2ħω
0
ħω
98
Where does the limit of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle come from, and what does it mean?
Thermal noise in apparatus disrupts simultaneous measurement of properties
Quantum behavior at the Planck scale is too small to reliably measure
It is a quantum limit that is simply a fact of life
To observe quantum behavior, we must remain ignorant of some details
99
A planet orbits the Sun in an ellipse. Is the average distance from the Sun closer to the aphelion or perihelion?
It cannot be determined from the information given
Aphelion (farthest distance from Sun)
It is equal to the mean of the aphelion and perihelion
Perihelion (closest distance to Sun)
100
A meterstick is thrown like a spear at a speed of 0.6c. What is the length of the meterstick in the lab frame?
1.25 m
1 m
0.8 m
0.6 m