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Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution
Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution
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Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution 8th grade
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1
What causes extinction?
catastrophic Earth events or changes that happen all at once
gradual changes to Earth
extinction is unrelated to changes on Earth
either gradual changes or catastrophic events
2
This chart shows how many amino acid differences exist in the DNA of 4 species. It shows that
species d is not as closely related
species a is not as closely related as the other three
species c is not as closely related
species b is not as closely related
3
One example of evidence for the theory of evolution by natural selection is
seeds
pollen
variation
embryology
4
The number of captured light mice and dark mice remained fairly stable when
the predators were removed by the lava flow
the lava flow occurred
the environment did not change
the environment changed from light to dark
5
A sudden and drastic change in the environment may lead to
mimicry
extinction
limiting factors
selective pressure
6
Galapagos finches developed different beak shapes on each island because
random mutations affected thousands of birds
the beaks added camouflage
beaks help to defend against predators
food is a limited resource
7
Variation among individuals
has no effect on the chance of survival of a species
increases the chance of survival of a species
decreases the chances of survival of a species
may increase or decrease chances of survival of a species
8
The embryos of all vertebrates are similar in an early stage of development. They all have
analogous structures
pharyngeal pouches
identical DNA
the same genes
9
The jackrabbit has long ears full of blood vessels that help it to cool itself. This is a
mimicry
functional adaptation
behavioral adaptation
structural adaptation
10
What is the relationship between adaptations and survival of a species?
adaptations are random are not related to survival
adaptations help species to survive
adaptations might or might not help a species to survive
adaptations do not help a species to survive
11
This graph illustrates
increase in light mice decrease in dark mice
a steady decrease in the overall population of mice
a steady increase in the overall population of mice
increase in dark mice and decrease in light mice
12
observations that tortoises and finches lived in varied and isolated environments helped Darwin
observe mimicry in the environment
develop his theory of evolution by natural selection
practice artificial selection
develop his theory of adaptation
13
Extinction happens when
a species becomes endangered
a species adapts
an entire species dies out permanently
a species evolves to have new traits
14
This diagram shows that the hippopotamus and even-toed hoofed mammals evolved
at the exact same time
from whales and dolphins
from a common ancestor
from each other
15
What causes evolution?
long periods of time when the Earth has few changes
earthquakes and volcanoes
natural selection
artificial selection
16
The peppered moth has an adaptation that make it difficult to see. This is an example of
mimicry
variation
a vestigial structure
camouflage
17
Embryology supports the theory of evolution because
embryos are an important part of the fossil record
embryos of chickens and turtles are exactly alike
embryos evolve into adults
embryos of similar species have similar structure
18
Humans had ancestors with tails. We still have a tailbone (coccyx) that has no use. This is a
behavioral adaptation
structural adaptation
vestigial structure
functional adaptation
19
Which of the following is true?
traits determine the genetic material of each individual
traits, chromosomes, and DNA are unrelated
traits, chromosomes, and DNA are the same thing
chromosomes contain DNA, and DNA determines traits
20
Mutations are
a change in a gene or chromosome that are harmful
a change that makes a new species in a single generation
a change to a structure such as a wing or a leg
change in a gene/ chromosome that may be harmful or helpful
21
when comparing homologous and analogous structures, scientists are using __________
embryology
comparative anatomy
genetic engineering
DNA evidence
22
A species that changes enough over time to become a new and separate species is called
adaptation
evolution
speciation
natural selection
23
This orchid has evolved to look like a bee. This is an example of
camouflage
mimicry
a vestigial structure
an analogous structure
24
Evidence for evolution includes
all of the above
DNA evidence
fossil evidence
homologous structures
25
Artificial selection is similar to natural selection, except that it occurs
because of humans, and slower than natural selection
because of humans, and faster than natural selection
only in natural settings such as forests
only on the Galapagos Islands because of special research
26
Tortoises on an island with vegetation that was high off the ground have domed shells because
This shell shape increased the chance to survive/ reproduce
This allowed them to swim to other islands for food
This shell allowed quick movement
This shell gave advantages over tortoises from other islands
27
Evolution tends to be
quick and abrupt, happening in short periods of time
a process that is completely random
slow and gradual, taking place over long periods of time
a process that leads to less variation in a species
28
an example of a species effectively mating would be
a lion and a tiger producing a liger
none of the above
two different breeds of dogs having puppies
a horse and a donkey
29
Analogous structures have
similar functions and structure
similar functions, but not necessarily the same structure
similar structures but not necessarily the same structure
none of the above
30
This image shows as human arm and the front leg of a cat. This is an example of a
homologous structure
analogous structure
mimicry
vestigial structure
31
This bat wing and insect wing are examples of
mimicry
vestigial structures
analogous structures
homologous structures
32
The numbers of captured light mice and dark mice changed in the dark environment because
being dark colored was an advantage in the dark landscape
being dark colored was an advantage in the light landscape
being light colored was an advantage in the light landscape
being light colored was an advantage in the dark landscape
33
A species is a group that
is unrelated but lives in the same environment
that reproduces offspring that cannot also reproduce
can successfully reproduce offspring that can also reproduce
has evolved to have the same traits
34
A farmer grows a crop of corn that produces more ears of corn by crossing only the best plants
this is an example of genetic engineering
this is artificial selection, or selective breeding
this is an example of natural selection
this is an example of a mutation
35
Beavers build dams and horses group together in herds. These are examples of
structural adaptations
functional adaptations
mutations
behavioral adaptations
36
Artificial selection is also known as
genetic engineering
selective breeding
artificial breeding
selective engineering
37
opposable thumbs are an adaptation of humans and very few other species. This adaption happened
randomly
because of mimicry
because it provides camouflage
because it gave a survival advantage
38
For natural selection to occur
differences in traits are selected by humans
varied genes do not need to be present in the population
varied genes already need to be in the population
organisms suited to human use are selected to breed
39
Evolution could not occur unless there was
homologous structures
variation
mimicry
extinction
40
Why did the population of white moths increase?
because being light was a disadvantage for survival
because dark moths had a selective advantage over light
because the light moths had a selective advantage over dark
because the light moths were eaten by different birds
41
Which life appeared on Earth first?
bacteria and algae
fish
dinosaurs
whales
42
A farmer who breeds cows to produce more milk and a dog breeder who breeds very small dogs
both use laboratory technologies
both use genetic engineering
both use selective breeding
both use natural selection
43
A dark moth population steadily declined due to a selective pressure. This would happen in
a light forest
a forest with a bird population that is decreasing
a dark forest
a forest with birds that hunt at night
44
An animal that no longer exists on Earth but that is documented by fossils is an example of
adaptation
evolution
divergence
extinction
45
The percentage of moths that were dark and light changed because of the selective pressure of
a predator: birds that hunt my sight
the changing color of the trees
the factory smoke and soot
the industrial revolution
46
The reason that a few rock pocket mice had dark fur before the lava flow was because of
mimicry
embryology
camouflage
a random mutation
47
Which of the following is true?
only variations that help to survive become adaptations
only variations related to color become adaptations
most variations become adaptations
all variations become adaptations
48
variations are
characteristics that are best suited to an environment
differences in a wild population due to breeding by humans
similarities that occur naturally in a population or species
differences that occur naturally among a population/ species
49
Homologous structures have
similar structure, but not necessarily the same function
none of the above
similar function, but not necessarily the same structure
similar functions and structure
