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AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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1
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Concerns over validity
Sampling error
Many confounding variables
The need for a representative sample
2
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Biological processes
Individual choice
Past conditioning
Unconscious behavioral impulses
3
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The number of people in the group.
The location of the learner.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
4
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Sensory Memory
Constructive Memory
Recovered Memory
Selective Attention
5
Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Biological
6
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Authoritative
Avoidant
Authoritarian
Secure
7
What will be your AP Psych score?
5
5
5
5
8
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
9
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
UR
CS
CR
US
10
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Zoophobia
Conversion Disorder
11
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Humanist
Functionalist
Social-cultural
Eclectic
12
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Inferential
Introspection
Naturalistic observation
Structuralism
13
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
14
According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
15
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Compulsions
Hallucinations
Delusions
Obsessions
16
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
Negatively skewed
A straight line
Normal
Positively skewed
17
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Structuralism
Behaviorism
The unconscious mind
Gestalt Theory
18
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
19
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
The ignition switch on a car.
The on/off switch on a computer.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
20
Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer?
Money
Applause
Chocolate cake
High grades
21
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Original research in this area is difficult.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
22
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
Increased arousal.
Less reported stress.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
23
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
Stage 4
REM Sleep
Stage 1
24
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
25
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Biopsychologist
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Structuralist
26
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Too applicable for research settings.
Appropriate for only female patients.
Unscientific and unverifiable
27
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
28
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
29
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Serotonin
Thorazine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
30
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
31
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Continuous
Fixed Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio
32
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
GABA
33
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Sublimation
Rationalization
Regression
Denial
34
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Psychoanalytic
Token economy
Psychodynamic
Client-centered
35
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It is given in the same way every time.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
36
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
Occur only after stressful events.
37
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Self-actualization
Homeostasis
Primary satisfaction
Equilibrium
38
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Aptitude test
Intelligence test
Standardized test
Achievement test
39
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Spatial
Practical
Linguistic
Musical
40
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which pain messages are perceived.
41
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
42
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
43
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
44
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
45
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Pre-operational
Formal Operations
Conventional
Sensorimotor
46
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Endorphins
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
47
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
48
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Fritz Perls
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
Albert Ellis
49
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The time span of the study.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The number of participants involved.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
50
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
51
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
I, II, and III
II and III
II Only
I and II
52
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hysteria
Tardive dyskinesia
Hallucinations
Memory loss
53
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Linear perspective
Interposition
Convergence
Texture gradient
54
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Mixed
Open-minded
Eclectic
Flexible
55
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Operational
Syllogistic
Abstract reasoning
Formal operations
56
On a second date, Megan tells Francisco that she loves to watch Rugrats. This is called...?
Deindividuation
Self-disclosure
Open communication
In-group bias
57
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Intelligence
Motor development
Reading ability
Self-esteem
58
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
59
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
60
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Affection
Career
Identity
Autonomy
61
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Honesty
Extraversion
Openness
Agreeableness
62
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
Our adaptability to different problems.
63
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
64
Weber's Law determines...
Absolute threshold
Level of subliminal messages
Just-noticeable difference
Amplitude of sound waves
65
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
Abraham Maslow
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
66
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
4.5
5.5
5
6
67
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
Elements of language.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
68
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Continuous
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
69
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Somatic therapy
Systematic desensitization
Transference
ECT
70
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Abstract reasoning
Producing speech
Control of the left hand
Spatial reasoning
71
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
72
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Lithium
Valium
Prozac
Haldol
73
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Depression
Compulsions
Multiple personalities
Hallucinations
74
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Thurstone
Guilford
Flynn
Gardner
75
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
76
Which statement about bulimia is true?
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
77
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
78
Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?
Autonomic level
Nonconscious level
Subconscious level
Unconscious level
79
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
80
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
CAT and EKG
EKG and CAT
PET and EEG
MRI and CAT
81
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
82
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
83
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
84
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A belief in luck.
A positive self-concept.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A strong libido.
