Name the capacity or duration of STM

Limited capacity, Short duration

Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control

Combination groups showed lower symptom levels

A sub group that cant express their anger normally

How was Adrian Babb discovered?

Because of how he treated his victims

Strengths of Zimbardo study

prisoners and guards randomly allocated

What is a weakness of drug therapy?

1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy

What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?

The marauder - close proximity to their home/base, The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home

Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development

Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy

Pinnizotto found what?

In 192 cases profiling helped in 15

A method used to measure brain activity during tasks

Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?

Children who observed an aggressive model

Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable

Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training

What is offender profiling?

A biographical sketch of the perpetrator

What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses

In some people anger is quick to surface

Which of the following is a weakness of EEG

Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity

What did Kavanagh find?

3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family

Who was the control group in this study?

Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia

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Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology

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Questions 610

Answers

1
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
They show victimless crimes
They are not reliable, people may lie
2
The criminal personality is
EN
PP
PN
EP
3
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Limited capacity
Unlimited capacity
Short duration
Long duration
4
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
False
True
5
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
False
True
6
Public agreement, private disagreement?
Compliance
Internalisation
identification
Normative
7
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
Combination showed higher symptom levels
There was no difference
8
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
False
True
9
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
False
True
10
Megargee found what?
A group that express anger easily
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
A very angry group of individuals
A group that are incapable of showing anger
11
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
All of the above
Forensic evidence
Because of how he treated his victims
He was caught at the scene
12
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Saying sorry
Shortened sentence
Prison
Financial restitution
13
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Draganski
Mechelli
Sperry
Maguire
14
What is operant conditioning
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
15
There are problems with adoption studies
True
False
16
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Neither
Nature
Both
17
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
Nature
Neither
It all comes back to nuggets
Nurture
18
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
False
True
19
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
4%
2%
8%
1%
20
Strengths of Zimbardo study
Very ethical
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Zimbardo both observed and partook
Lack of replication
21
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
False
True
22
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
True
False
23
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
16% failed to recover after 12 months
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
24
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
0
2
1
3
25
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
2/3
4/5
4/6
2/4
26
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Rutter and Soneua
Bowlby and Bailey
Lucas et al
Rutter
27
Limitation of behavioural approach
Scientific methods
Free Will
Reductionist
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
28
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Back of the neck
Eyes
Back of the knees
Back of the hands
29
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
Distance
Promity
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
30
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
False
True
31
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
32
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
33
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
All of the above
There is a cultural bias
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
34
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
All of the above
Patients may become dependent on drugs
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
35
What are the different types of experimental methods?
Lab, field, natural and quasi
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
NUGGETS
36
An fMRI scan is
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
The brain is ananlysed after death
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
37
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
XO
YXX
XXY
XXX
38
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
All three
Social learning ward - token economy
The control ward - drug treatment
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
39
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Both groups
Children who observed an aggressive model
Children who observed a non aggressive model
Neither
40
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
False
True
41
Procedural memory example?
Riding a bike
Personal memories of events
Knowing the capital of England is London
42
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Visual and auditory
Auditory and tactile
Visual and tactile
Sensory
43
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
All of the above
It's time consuming
Patients are often less willing to try new things
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
44
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
45
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
True
False
46
What is offender profiling?
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
47
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
Anger is bad
Some people are very angry
In some people anger is quick to surface
Anger management is effective
48
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Has extremely high temporal resolution
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
49
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
True
False
50
What did Kavanagh find?
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
51
Who was the control group in this study?
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
Corn flakes
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
There was no control group
52
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
Demand characteristics from those studied
Poor external validity
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
53
Brown et al Aim
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
This did happen
54
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of the loaction
Analysis of the time
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the victim
55
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Auditory
Visual
56
Limitation of humanism
Limited application
Positive image of the human condition
Hollistic
Free Will
57
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
58
Behaviourist strengths
Deterministic as it ignores biology
Stimulus/response reductionism
Studies only done on animals
Lab experiment so lots of control
59
What were children lacking in these institutions?
Nuggets and cheese
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
The ability to form multiple attachments
60
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
False
True
61
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
The equivalent area takes on its functions
Reformation of blood vessels
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
62
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
False
True
63
Not Stages of flooding
Crying probs lol
Immediate exposure
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
Initially destressed and anxious
64
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
PET
fMRI
ERP
EEG
65
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
There is also evidence for environmental factors
All of the above
66
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
Words are distinguishable
Words are stored separately
The words sound more alike
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
67
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
All of the above
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
There was no cause
68
What is geographical profiling
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
Information about crime scenes
All information
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
69
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Hard determinism
Minimum determinism
Soft determinism
Biological determinism
70
Distortion of perception Asch?
Didnt know what to do
Mandela effect
Believed the majority was correct
Couldn't see properly
71
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through consequence
Learning through association
72
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Biological
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Behaviourism
73
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
Lil albert
lil pete
lil John
Lil Trevor
74
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
Madagascar
China
Narnia
Germany
75
Identification is public and private agreement?
yes, forever
While you are around the group influencing your views
Yes but only short term
No
76
Who did Heston study?
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
77
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
78
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were detailed
They were little more than common sense
They were able to provide a lot of information
They were bad
79
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Qualitative data
Quantitative data
Numinous data
Ominous data
80
Humanism believes in...
Determinism
Free will
81
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
False
True
82
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
83
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
False
True
84
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
False
True
85
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Berlinda Reimer
Brad Riener
Bruce Reimer
Brenda Ruemer
86
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
87
What are the two types of offender?
Organised and disorganised
Tidy and disorganised
Tidy and messy
Organised and messy
88
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
True
False
89
What was Broca's famous case study?
Tan
Ton
Tin
Ten
90
A neurotransmitter is
A tiny gap between neurons
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
Tiny sacks
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
91
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nurture
Nature
Both
Neither
92
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
True
False
93
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
True
False
94
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Conformity to social roles
Conformity
Obedience
Conformity to an authority figure
95
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
Decreased cost
Reduced post traumatic stress
All of the above
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
96
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
False
True
97
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
True
False
98
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Does not rely on the use of radiation
99
What does an EEG allow?
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
Detect which areas of the brain are active
100
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
False
True
101
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
True
False
102
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Freud
Green
Kholberg
Skinner
103
What does a deterministic view show?
More than one view
Some other psychological term
Holistic view
Cause and effect
104
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
False
True
105
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
106
A phobia is an adaptive fear
False
True
107
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
True
False
108
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
109
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Conscious mind
Uncontinuous mind
Sub-conscious mind
Unconscious mind
110
What did Gupta's study show?
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
111
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
112
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
113
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
To find where crime is more common
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
All of the above
114
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
False
True
115
The communication between neurons is known as
Synaptic transfer
Systematic transmission
Synaptic transformation
Synaptic transmission
116
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
One was a non treatment control
One took part in anger mangement
All of the above
One took part in anger management
117
Behavioural categories need to be...
Time sampled
Known to the participant to reduced deception
Spread out evenly
Operationalised
118
The theory shows gender bias
True
False
119
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
True
False
120
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Nature
Both
Nurture
121
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
True
False
122
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
False
True
123
What does this suggest?
The same cause
They are different conditions
No cause
Different causes
124
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
False
True
125
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Motivated by pleasure principle
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
The morality principle and is part of the ego
126
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
Distortion of perception
Distortion of hearing
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
75% conformed at least once
127
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Schaffer and Emerson
Bailey et al
Harlow
Lorenz
128
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
John Duffy
None of the above
Ted Bundy
Adrian Babb
129
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
False
True
130
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
Organised and disorganised classification worked
131
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
True
False
132
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Synchronised
Symmetrical
Indiscriminate
133
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
Socially inadequate
First/last born
Plan the crime
Frightened/confused at the time
134
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
135
What is a schema?
Environmental factors
Mental or cognitive framework
Unshared opinions
Ideas formed by others
136
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
137
What does chlorpromazine do?
Nothing
Blocks pre synaptic sites
Things and stuff
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
138
What does parsimonious mean?
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Not making any assumptions
Using only assumptions
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
139
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
False
True
140
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They could not suggest an emotion
They percieved them as confused and afraid
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They percieved them as friendly
141
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
Releases adrenaline
Triggers the flight or flight response
142
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
False
True
143
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Neither had an effect
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
Both were needed to be criminal
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
144
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
False
True
145
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Mental processes that can be directly observed
Mental processes
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
146
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
Uses objective and observable techniques
Led to the development of drug treatments
147
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 100% due to chance
Findings are 10% due to chance
Findings are 1% due to chance
148
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
False
True
149
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
10 out of 12
12 out of 12
7 out of 12
4 out of 12
150
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Identical twins reared together
Non identical twins reared apart
Identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared together
151
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
77% MZ and 12% DZ
50% MZ and 36% DZ
100% MZ and 50% DZ
83% MZ and 8% DZ
152
Findings not from Zimbardo
6 day study instead of 14
450v
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
153
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
Family was irrelevant
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
154
Miles research supports biological rhythms
True
False
155
Offenders were said to be patient
False
True
156
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
False
True
157
Schemas can hinder new information
True
False
158
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
False
True
159
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
False
True
160
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Nuggets
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
Digit span and verbal reasoning
161
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
162
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
163
Duration of STM
One minute to forever
Two minutes to 80 years
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
Two minutes to forever
164
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
Opportunities for training and training
Stigma is involved
Psychological harm may be done in prison
They may be universities for crime
165
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
One group Recalled after 2 days.
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
Study tested LTM
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
166
What did Godwin and Canter find?
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
167
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
Short statue
All of the above
Failed to develop ovaries
Higher than average verbal ability
168
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
False
True
169
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
Japan
Britain
China
Mexico
170
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Neglected their young
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
Unskilled at mating
Gained increased cognitive abilities
171
Piling found what?
It was difficult to improve compliance
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
Family therapy had no effect on remission
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
172
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
False
True
173
The central nervous system includes
Muscles
Organs
The brain and spinal cord
Tendons
174
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
Lack of right to withdraw
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
Poor reliability
175
What is declarative memory?
Knowing that
Facts and knowledge
Events
Knowing how
176
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
Selecting participants who are available at the time
177
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
All of the above
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
178
The sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
Are found in our visual system
179
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
Social learning and milieu
Control and milieu
Social learning and control
All three
180
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
False
True
181
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
It uses scientific methods
Much of the subject matter is not observable
Much of the subject matter is observable
It is falsifiable
182
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 3
Stage 1
183
Why was Risperidone developed?
All of the above
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
To battle different symptoms
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
184
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
In order to work, there can be no background noise
They have excellent temporal resolution
185
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schemes and marital scores
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital skews
186
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
False
True
187
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
True
False
188
What was Bedlam known for?
More facilities that anywhere else
Better drug treatments
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
Good treatment of the mentally ill
189
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Relaxation
Flooding
Exposure
Anxiety Hierarchy
190
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
There was no difference at all
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
191
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
All of the above
They could be identified using their characteristics
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
192
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
True
False
193
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Increases face validity of study
Reduced demand characteristics
More ecological validity
Ethical issues of deception
194
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
195
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
False
True
196
What is restorative justice?
Prison
Community service
Punishment
Criminals making amends
197
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
There are ethical issues
Little rehabilitative value
There is passive token learning
Easy to implement
198
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
True
False
199
Official stats and other measures add up
False
True
200
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Clive wearing
Bruce Reimer
Little Albert
Little Hans
201
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
True
False
202
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
False
True
203
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Using local times for bedtimes
Nothing
Using local time s for meal times
204
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
True
False
205
What is brain plasticity?
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
206
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
They will still develop the condtion
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
They will implode
It depends on the amount of stress
207
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
No area was more important than another in navigation
Learning is too complex to be localised
All of the above
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
208
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
False
True
209
Which is not a mediational process?
Retention
Attention
Repoductted
Motivation
210
Repression is the act of...
Displacing a memory
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
Denying an unpleasant memory
211
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
True
False
212
a reason for obedience?
Compliance
Agentic state
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
213
The biological approach is reductionist
False
True
214
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test LTM duration
Test STM capacity
Test LTM capacity
Test STM duration
215
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
False
True
216
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
217
Strengths deviation from social norms
Social norms change over time
Easy to look at and diagnose
Social norms are culturally specific
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
218
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
True
False
219
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Mechanical determinism
Cognitive reductionism
Biological reductionism
Biological determinism
220
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
Ppts recalled digits in any order
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
221
Negative Reinforcement is?
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
You avoid something unpleasant
Negative consequence to behaviour
222
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
223
Scientific laws are generalisable
True
False
224
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
None of the above
225
What Units is STM measured in?
Seconds
Minutes
Second and minutes
Hours
226
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant, over-soft
Weak, denial and over-harsh
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
227
Bem carried out a study into...
Intersex twins
50 transgender children under the age of 15
Gender neutral children
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
228
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
It does not take other theories into consideration
It rejects the idea of free will
It only supports the nurture debate
229
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
False
True
230
How many participants were there in asch's study?
8
1
7
9
231
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Internal mental processes
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
Schemas
Genes and chromosomes
232
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
Stanford uni mock prison
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
set up to a shock generator
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
233
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
All of the assumptions are shared
Too broad
It has too many methods to compare
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
234
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
Superego
Ultra-ego
ID
Ego
235
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
False
True
236
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
True
False
237
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Isabelle et al
Bowlby
Ainsworth
Schaffer and Emerson
238
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
239
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
2
9
6
12
240
What is the dark figure of crime?
More serious crimes
Petty crimes
Crimes that go unreported
All crimes
241
What did Sensky find?
Neitehr were effective
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
242
What is meant by Free will?
Personal agency
Not all behaviour is determined
You are reduced to genes or the environment
All behaviour is determined
243
What is an infradian rhythm?
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
A rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
244
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Animal studies are helpful
Importance of the experience of the individual
Negative view of human nature
Rejection of scientific method
245
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
False
True
246
What is misleading information?
All of the above
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
Leading questions
Post event discussion
247
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
248
What is the top down approach?
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
None of the above
Analysis of the location
Analysis just of the victim
249
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
Smashed and contacted
Smashed and hit
Smashed and crashed
smashed and bumped
250
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
insecure - secure attachment
secure attachment
secure - resistent attachment
secure - avoidant attachment
251
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
252
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
False
True
253
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
True
False
254
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
False
True
255
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Cognitive functions
Influences
Memory
Information processing
256
Miller findings...
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
All of the above
257
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of deprivation and privation
Law of nature an nurture
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
Law of evolution and cargiverness
258
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
False
True
259
Motor neurons
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
260
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
Increase of reoffending rates
Reductions in reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
There was no difference in reoffending rates
261
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
All children must go through the electra complex
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
262
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
True
False
263
The pineal gland releases serotonin
False
True
264
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Adams
Russell
265
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Further away from the mean
Exactly the same as the mean
Non of the above
Closer to the mean
266
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
True
False
267
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
They lived in a circle of their offences
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived extremely close to their crimes
268
Which of the following is a strength?
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
Over simplistic
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
None of the above
269
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Subjective observable behaviour
Objective observable behaviour
Objective non observable behaviour
Subjective non observable behaviour
270
What else were the participants able to do?
Hear the objects
Smell the objects
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
271
Inhibition is
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
272
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
273
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
False
True
274
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
Small sample sizes
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
All of the above
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
275
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
Historically led to parent blaming
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
276
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
2 common thinking patterns were found
88 common thinking patterns were found
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
No common thinking patterns were found
277
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
All of the above
3% of the time they could identify the offender
14% said it assisted solving cases
80% said it was useful
278
Distortion of action
Conform to avoid being different
NSI
Believe they are seeing it wrong
ISI
279
What did the Tan case study show?
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
That there was no Broca's area
Different areas can peform the same function
280
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Lethargy
Better physical health
Major personality changes
Eplilepsy
281
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of leading questions on memory
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
282
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
Displacement, sublimination and repression
Denial, subliminal and displacement
Denial, displacement and repression
283
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
284
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
False
True
285
What may restorative justice involve?
May involve the victim and offender meeting
All of the above
Offences like anti social behaviour
Must volunteer to use the approach
286
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Drugs
Psychological treatment
287
What are four categories of defining crime?
Historical, country, politics, reason
Historical, culture, politics, intent
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, intent
288
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
False
True
289
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave no tokens
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
290
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Lacks internal validity
Other researchers were jealous
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
Findings were quantitative data only
291
What are offender surveys?
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
Victims reveal what has happened to them
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
292
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
All of the above
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
293
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Classical Conditioning
Evolutionary principle
Operant Conditioning
Biological explanation
294
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
44 Chicken nugget thieves
40 juvenile thugs
44 affection less psychopaths
44 juvenile thieves
295
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
True
False
296
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
297
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
achievements
needs
wants
potential
298
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
0
19
7
4
299
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
Raise ethical issues for consent
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
300
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Triggers the fight or flight response
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
Produces male sex hormones
301
What is a Phenotype
Environmental factors
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
Personality
302
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
True
False
303
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
True
False
304
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
305
What is a weakness neural correlates
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
No cause and effect
Lewis found no significant link
All of the above
306
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
Ethical issues with children
307
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
A person may be happy with their situation
Positive approach looking at what to add
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
308
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
True
False
309
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Not being able to control what we are doing
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
Being unable to do anything
Disorganised speech and thoughts
310
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Plasticity
Localisation
311
Relay neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
312
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
A continuous cycle
313
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
False
True
314
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
315
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
Cut corpus callosum
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
Damage to the brain
316
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
True
False
317
Distortion of judgement
Didnt understand the task
People who lack self confidence
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
318
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
There were no abnormalities
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
319
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
Sleep stages
SAD
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
320
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
True
False
321
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
True
False
322
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant could name the object
The participant could describe the object
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
The participant reported seeing nothing
323
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
Physical impairments
No change
Cognitive impairments
Both physical and cognitive impairments
324
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
True
False
325
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
326
The biological approach supports
Nurture
Nature
327
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
Pearson's
Chi- squared
Spearman's Rho
All of the above
328
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
Men produce less testosterone
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
Men receive more oestrogen
329
What is a hypothesis
What the study is about
The aim of the study
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
The procedure
330
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
331
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
Large asylums
Hospitals
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
Home
332
The biological approach is deterministic
False
True
333
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
True
False
334
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
They are expensive to run
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
Acknowledges that offending is complex
More likely to lead to permanant change
335
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
0.05
00.5
0.01
0.02
336
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
True
False
337
What are hormones?
Non of these
receptors
Chemical substances
Inherited genes
338
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
Delinquent behaviour was low
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
All of the above
339
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
340
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
True
False
341
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
False
True
342
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
There was no difference
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
343
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
True
False
344
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
False
True
345
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that never repeats
346
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
347
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
False
True
348
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Chloropromazine
Clozapine
Risperidone
Haloperidol
349
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
A meeting may be emotional
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
350
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
Post mortem
PET
MRI
EEG
351
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Studies often lack internal validity
The lack of qualitative data
Demand characteristics from participants
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
352
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
False
True
353
What are the key feature of the process
Not restricted to court rooms
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
All of the above
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
354
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Milgram lad
Schaffer and Emerson
Loftus and Palmer
Bailey et al
355
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
More able to consume more nuggets
More active
Psychologically healthier
356
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
There was no significant difference
Typical drugs were more effective
Atypical drugs were more effective
Neither of the drugs were effective
357
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
No one would give the 450V shock
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
358
What didn't Houston find?
There were no specific vulnerabilities
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
All of the above
Genes were the main factor
359
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Pavlov
Maslow
Harlow
Farrington
360
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Good parenting and high school achievement
Low school attendance and good parenting
Low school achievement+poor parenting
361
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Love
Biological and physiological
Esteem
Safety
362
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Schemas
Hypothesis
Decisions
Inferences
363
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
They are deterministic
364
In which case did offender profiling fail?
Adrian Babb
Ted Bundy
Rachel Nickell
John Duffy
365
Reasons to resist conforming
Willpower
Social support
Cats
Locus of control
366
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
True
False
367
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
368
Findings not from Milgram
65% went to 450v
100% went to 300v
6% sent to 400v
3 had seizures
369
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Instability
Stability
Psychoticism
Introversion
370
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
371
Gilroy Aim
Half given relaxation
75% successful treatment
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
Half also given desensitisation
372
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
80
24
11
110
373
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
False
True
374
Post even discussion is...?
When there's more than one witness at an event
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
375
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Lorenz
Pavlov
Harlow
Milgram lad
376
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
Post mortems and MRI scans
They haven't been recognised
PET and MRI scans
Post mortems and PET scans
377
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
False
True
378
What is recidivism
Token ecomony
Refers to reoffending
Prison capacity
Not reoffending
379
Police record crimes differently
True
False
380
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Lacks ecological validity
Demand characteristics
Ethical issues
Cannot be generalised to humans
381
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
True
False
382
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
False
True
383
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Researcher bias
Demand characteristics
Misinterpreted information
Ethical issues
384
Which of these is true of STM
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Also called Episodic buffer
Sometimes called working memory
Rehearsal is not very important
385
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
True
False
386
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
Easier to distinguish words from each other
They sound the same
They have the same meaning
Less likely to guess at words
387
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
predictability
Violation of moral standards
Maldaptive behaviour
Suffering
388
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
True
Falslse
389
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
390
Milgram initial study aim?
To look into the context of obedience
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
See how state effects obedience
391
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
True
False
392
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
True
False
393
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
False
True
394
What clues may be used for recognition
The choice of victim
The time
All of the above
The location
395
Intersex refers to...
People with increased testosterone
Children born without male hormones
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
Children born with male and female hormones
396
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
397
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
Rats rejected testosterone
No difference was found
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
398
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Both
Neither
Nature
Nurture
399
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His personality drastically changed
His Broca's area was damaged
His personality remained the same
His Wernickes area was damaged
400
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
True
False
401
Desire to be right
ISI
NSI
402
What is a marital skew?
One disturbed parent dominates the household
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
403
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is caused by the family
It is aused by genes
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
404
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
There was no change
SQUAD
405
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
False
True
406
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
All of the above
All behaviour has a physical cause
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
407
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
True
False
408
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
It was purely biologcal
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
Family had no effect
409
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
410
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Left
Right
411
What is central control?
None of the above
Our ability to supress automatic responses
Affects our ability to move
Affects our ability to speak
412
What a marital schism?
One disturbed parent dominates the household
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
413
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
True
False
414
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
They do not treat positive symptoms
They are time consuming
415
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
False
True
416
Strength MSM
Primary recency effect provides evidence
Over simplified
Evidence for brain scanning
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
417
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
False
True
418
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
True
False
419
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
True
False
420
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
18 hours
25 hours
23 hours
20 hours
421
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Belief
Dog
Consequences
Activating event
422
What technique is not used in CBT
Positive self-talk
Setting homework
Question where the voices have originated from
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
423
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The side effects of atypical drugs
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
The side effects of typical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
424
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
There was no difference in relapse rates
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
425
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To bring us back into the conscious mind
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
426
Sperry concluded what from his research?
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
All of the above
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
427
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
False
True
428
What gland releases ACTH?
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pineal gland
429
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
False
True
430
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They keep information apart
They do not help
They help us to interpret and organise information
They form all of our ideas
431
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
12 weeks
1 year
Straight away
6 weeks
432
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
Cultural limitations
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
433
The US topologies are based in small samples
True
False
434
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
True
False
435
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
No
Yaaaas
436
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
100,000
10,000
101,000
110,000
437
Desire to Be liked?
ISI
NSI
438
Excitation is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
439
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
440
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
441
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Neither were important
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
442
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
443
What is the three stages of anger management
Skill acquisition
All the above
Cognitive preparation
Application practice
444
What is a leading question?
A question ppts interpret wrong
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
445
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Sperry
Maguire
Draganski
Mechelli
446
Aim of Asch's study?
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
Line study
Look into compliance vs identification
Look into obedience
447
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Logic, analysis and problem solving
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
448
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
Just dopamine
Serotonin and dopamine
None
449
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
world
Doggos
Self
future
450
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
Statistical frequency
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
failure to function adequately
Lack of deviation from social norms
451
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
Good practical applications
Influence of demand characteristics
No supporting evidence
Deterministic
452
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
453
Strength of failure to function adequately
Everyday life varies
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
Measurable
This definition is focused on the individual
454
What is an inference?
Hypothesis
Conclusions on observed processes
Conclusions about non observed processes
Decisions
455
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
11-18%
40-60%
60-80%
6-8%
456
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
It included scientific racism
Poverty could be the actual cause
None of the above
Being rejected by society may be the cause
457
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
False
True
458
The Synapse is
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Where the genetic material is contained
459
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
True
False
460
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
False
True
461
What is an internal mental process?
External cues
The way we interact with the environment
The way you are feeling
Internal workings of the mind that process information
462
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
False
True
463
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Slow speech
All of the above
Speech is fluent but incoherent
Speech does make sense
464
What is a Genotype
Environmental factors
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
Personality
465
It is based on outdated theories of personality
True
False
466
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
False
True
467
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
False
True
468
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Phallic stage
Latent stage
Anal stage
Oral stage
469
What animal did skinner use?
NUGGETS
rats
cats
Dogs
470
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Bullshite
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
471
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
Internal processes are not effected by schema
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
472
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
473
behavioural characteristics of OCD
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
474
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
True
False
475
It did not help to develop CBT
True
False
476
The axon of the neuron
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
Contains the genetic material of the cell
477
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
It's not divided
The ANS and SNS
The CNS and ANS
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
478
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
False
True
479
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
480
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
False
True
481
What animal did Pavlov use?
Birds
Rats
Dogs
Horses
482
The three levels of moral reasoning are
All of the above
Post-conventional reasoning
Conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
483
The evidence for family therapy is strong
False
True
484
Mixed results have been found
False
True
485
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
False
True
486
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
Whether they will offend again
How they may act in day to day life
Where thety are from
How old they are
487
What do neural correlations suggest?
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
People with APD show normal APD patterns
None of the above
488
Identify the male sex chromosomes
XYY
XY
XX
YX
489
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Under developed genitals
Webbed neck
Increased body hair
Reduced breast growth
490
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
False
True
491
Humanistic Approach is...
Idiographic
Reductionist
Holistic
Nomothetic
492
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Left visual field
Right visual field
493
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
Being subjective to researcher bias
Containing ethical issues
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
494
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
True
False
495
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Deprived children
Insecure resistant children
Avoidant insecure children
Securely attached children
496
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Drew fixed lots
Introduced to Mr Wallace
Set up a prison in Stanford university
Advertised in the newspaper
497
Outline the female stereotype role
Child carer
Poor drivers
All of the above
Loves shopping
498
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
50%
30%
49%
48%
499
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
They mean the same thing
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
500
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
False
True
501
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
Drug development
They didn't
They become less effective
They were too dangerous
502
Name a practical application made from this study
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
All of the above
503
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
True
False
504
What are roles conditions of worth?
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
505
What are victim surveys?
People share what they have witnessed
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
All of the above
Offenders tell what they have done to others
506
What is meant by the term sex?
The psychological differences between men and women
The mental characteristics of two genders
The biological similarities between the two sexes
The biological differences between men and women
507
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
508
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
False
True
509
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
There was no change
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
510
Stength of statistical infrequency
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
511
The original model saw genes as the major source
False
True
512
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
513
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
False
True
514
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
515
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Memory
Reading and writing skills
Long distance sight
Multitasking
516
Classification is not simplistic
False
True
517
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
True
False
518
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Speech to be incoherent
Limited reading skills
Speech to be slow and laborious
519
What is the restorative justice council
A group of judges
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
Civilians
520
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
True
False
521
When is CBT not effective?
When it is alongside drig treatments
When the patients condition is too severe
When the patient has a clear insight
When the patient has a good understanding
522
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
There was no difference
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
523
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop
Processor
Central executive
524
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
It is reductionist
Studies are reliable
Could be due to demand characteristics
525
The interactionist approach is reductionist
True
False
526
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
True
False
527
NICE does not recommend art therapy
True
False
528
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
529
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
Germany
China
Britain
Israel
530
An advantage of the mean is that..
It is easily distorted with extreme values
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
Is extremely time consuming
It is more representative for entire sets of data
531
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
True
False
532
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They don't fire easily enough
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
They fire too slowly
533
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
All crime is recorded the same
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
Some crimes aren't reported
Figures are difference anywhere
534
There were 12 critical trials?
True
False
535
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Covers tracks
Leaves fewer clues
Lives alone
Skilled job
536
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
A fatal blood disease
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
Excessive weight gain
Tardive dyskinesia
537
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
Zimbardo
Milgram lad
All of the above
Ash
538
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
They can assess attitude towards crime
Under represent certain crimes
Do not include victimless crimes
539
Outline the typical male stereotype
Takes care of children
Commitment phobic
Solves argument with silent treatment
Loves shopping
540
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
Schema's can be inherited from parents
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
541
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Senses, limited, less than a second
542
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
False
True
543
What details can be matched on a database?
All of the above
Location, place of birth
Age and sex
Personal history and family background
544
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
There was no difference in the cortex size
545
What is EWT?
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
Free recall
Unstructured interviews
546
What dies EPI stand for
Eysenck Person Inventory
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Investigation
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
547
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
548
Cocurrent validity is when...
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
When results are not consistent over time to society
549
What else did Sperry look at?
Lateralisation of brain functions
Plasticity of brain functions
Damage to brain functions
Areas where functions are performed
550
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
False
True
551
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Meed
Martin
Matthews
Mead
552
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
He did not in fact have powers
He did in fact have powers
He was a wizard
There was no change in his thoughts
553
What is metarepresentation?
The way people react to stimuli
All of th above
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
554
What is an overt observation?
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When participants are aware they are being observed
555
Identify the main female hormone
Oestrogen
Oeastragon
Testosterone
Adrenaline
556
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
Covers all areas needed
It's completely unscientific
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
557
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
Patients become dependant on a therapies
558
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Community orders, fines, discharges
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
559
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
False
True
560
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
True
False
561
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
When a child can form multiple attachments
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
562
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
True
False
563
The fight or flight response is within the
ANS
CNS
SNS
PNS
564
Jacob found...
Average span 7-9
Average span of 5-9
565
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
True
False
566
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
There was a warm and complacent father
There was a warm and complacent mother
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
567
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
70-90 minutes
5 minutes
10-15 minutes
120-180 minutes
568
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
The participant usually went last
They compared comparison lines to a target line
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
18 critical trials carried out
569
What is a paradigm?
Facts of behaviour
A shared set of assumptions
A set of assumptions that are not shared
Assumptions
570
There was 28 trials overall
False
True
571
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
The envionment causes schizophrenia
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
572
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Imposed etic
Co-morbidity
Emic constructs
Ethnocentric
573
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Auditiory processing and memory
Vision
Sensory and motor movements
Our awareness or consciousness
574
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
True
False
575
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
True
False
576
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
Working internal model
Schemas
External cognitive model
Internal working model
577
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
113 patients to 370 controls
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
370 patients to 113 controls
578
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
True
False
579
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Nuggets
Psychic
Biological
Environmental
580
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
True
False
581
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Already produced quantitative data
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
Re-occuring themes within the data
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
582
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
False
True
583
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
True
False
584
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
585
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Augmentation principle
Snowball effect
Consistency
SocIAL CHANGE
586
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
A smaller sample needed
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
587
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
True
False
588
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
15%
45%
95%
35%
589
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
False
True
590
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
False
True
591
Findings of Baddeley
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
592
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
593
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
Inability to move
Failure to perform everyday functions
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
No change
594
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
2- 10 months
8-9 months
6-8 months
From birth to 3 months
595
Srength of Asch's study?
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
Very cost effective
Biased sample-ethnocentric
596
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
False
Literally everything psychology is lol
True
597
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
True
False
598
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
True
False
599
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
acoustic, limited, short
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
600
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Their environments were too different
Can not tell how different their environments were
They would have had the same prenatal environment
Their envirnments were the same
601
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Russell
Adams
Stern and McClintock
602
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
None of the above
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
603
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
There were no side effectives
The side effects were the same
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
604
What did Read suggest?
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
Early and severe trauma has no effect
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
605
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
13%
20%
15%
17%
606
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Proximity
Deprivation
Separation anxiety
Privation
607
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
Internal working model
Working memory model
Innate working model
External working model
608
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
True
False
609
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
False
True
610
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Cultural bias
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
Deception issues
Lacks internal validity